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Využití elektrochemických technik pro studium apoferritinu
Venusová, Eva
Theme of this diploma thesis is usage of electrochemical techniques for study of apoferritin, which is artificially synthetized protein derived from ferritin. Apoferritin has empty cavity which can be used for completion of broad amount of substances. Encapsulation of anticancer drugs can decrease their unwanted side effects such as strong toxicity and therefore increase it’s effectiveness at the tumor site. Substances chosen in this diploma thesis were standard platinum and platinum drugs cisplatin and it’s analogy oxaliplatin. Measurement was performed by electrochemical method differential pulse voltammetry by which was determined encapsulation capacity of apoferritin for chosen anticancer drugs. For determination size and zeta potential of nanoparticles was used colloid analyzator ZetaSizer Nano.
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Voltammetric and Amperometric Determination of Nitrophenols Using Boron-Doped Diamond Film Electrode
Karaová, Jana ; Barek, Jiří (advisor) ; Šelešovská, Renáta (referee) ; Jaklová Dytrtová, Jana (referee)
Presented Ph.D. Thesis is focused on the use of the boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes for voltammetric and amperometric determination of selected nitrophenols: 2-nitrophenol (2NP), 4-nitrophenol (4NP), and 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4DNP). These compounds are listed as "priority pollutants" by United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) due to their negative impact on living organisms and are mainly used in agriculture as plant growth stimulators. BDD electrodes are used for determination of wide range of electrochemically both reducible and oxidisable organic compounds and have become a popular electrode material thanks to its commercial availability and excellent mechanical and electrochemical properties. A differential pulse voltammetric method was developed for the determination of 2NP, 4NP and 2,4DNP at a BDD film electrode using electrochemical reduction and of 4NP and 2,4DNP using electrochemical oxidation. The method was successfully applied for the direct determination of these compounds in drinking and river water in the concentration range from 4×10-7 to 2×10-5 mol.L-1 . To improve the limit of quantification, a preconcentration by solid phase extraction from 100 mL (drinking and river water) and 1000 mL (drinking water) of water samples was used with limit of determination...
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Optimalization and validation of method for electrochemical determination of triclosan
Vránová, Edita ; Dejmková, Hana (advisor) ; Fischer, Jan (referee)
In this thesis were, on the basis of earlier work, examined some of the conditions for the determination of triclosan by differential pulse voltammetry using carbon paste electrode and miniaturized carbon paste electrode. Phosphate buffer pH 11 was chosen as the most suitable medium of three supporting electrolytes with pH 11 and 12. The possibility of suppression of electrode passivation by addition of triton X-100 was studied. In addition, the validation parameters were searched, which included limits of detection, linearity of the concentration dependence, repeatability, and accuracy of the method. From these parameters, applicability of the method and the particular electrodes was assessed. Under the selected optimal conditions calibration curves for deionized, river and drinking water were measured. Detection limit with carbon paste electrode, was determined for deionized water to 120 ppb, for drinking water to 140 ppb and for river water to 90 ppb. The detection limit with miniaturized carbon paste electrode, was determined for the deionized water to 110 ppb , for drinking water to 130 ppb and for river water to 140 ppb. The linearity of the calibration curve was evaluated using the correlation coefficient. The samples of drinking and river water were then measured using carbon paste...
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Application of Antimony Film Electrodes for Determination of Pesticide Trifluralin
Gajdár, Július ; Fischer, Jan (advisor) ; Vyskočil, Vlastimil (referee)
Antimony film electrode was studied for the use in a voltammetric analysis of organic compounds. The substance chosen as an analyte was trifluralin, which is used as a pesticide. The comparison of different substrate electrodes was carried out between five electrodes, which were gold, silver, copper, polished amalgam and glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Best performance was observed on antimony film glassy carbon electrode (SbFGCE). It provided higher sensitivity and lower limit of quantification in comparison with bare GCE. The antimony film was stable and it provided good reproducibility (RSD = 5.2 %). Parameters of an electrochemical preparation of SbFGCE were optimized. Conditions for determination of concentration of trifluralin were optimized on newly prepared SbFGCE. The best conditions were in a solution of methanol and 0.1 M hydrochloric acid in 1:1 ratio measured by differential pulse voltammetry. The limit of quantification was determined as 1.2·10-6 mol·l-1 . A direct voltammetric measurement on SbFGCE was carried out in a model river sample. Lower limits of quantification were achieved with solid phase extraction (SPE). Recovery values were 86 ± 8 % in deionized water with a preconcentration factor of 125. The limit of quantification was lowered to value 1.1·10-8 mol·l-1 . The extraction...
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Determination of benzophenone-3 on boron-doped diamond film electrode
Procházková, Kateřina ; Dejmková, Hana (advisor) ; Vyskočil, Vlastimil (referee)
Voltammetric behaviour of benzophenone-3 on a diamond film electrode doped by boron was studied by difference pulse voltammetry in an anodic area in the Britton-Robinson buffer medium. The influence of supporting electrolyte pH on the determination was monitored as well as the influence of methanol and acetonitrile content in the measured sample. pH 12 was selected as the optimum value for the determination. Methanol did not have any influence on the determination up to the content of 20 % (v/v), acetonitrile up to content of 70 % (v/v). A linear calibration dependence was measured in the medium of Britton-Robinson buffer pH 12 within the benzophenone-3 concentration range from 1·10-6 mol·L-1 to 1·10-4 mol·L-1 . Detection limit 1.5·10-6 mol·L-1 and determination limit 5.0·10-6 mol·L-1 have been reached. Key words Benzophenone-3 Boron-doped diamond film electrode Differential pulse voltammetry
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Determination of Lead Using FIA Technique with Spectrophotometric and Electrochemical Detection
Hála, Petr ; Vyskočil, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Rychlovský, Petr (referee)
The aim of this thesis was the determination of lead in water samples using complexating reaction with 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol in medium of 2-amino-2- hydroxymethyl-propan-1,3-diol hydrochloride buffer (Tris·HCl). Firstly, for the determination was chosen UV/VIS molecular spectrometry in a static arrangement. Subsequently, the method was performed in flow injection arrangement. The calibration was performed under optimal experimental conditions. The limits of detection for static and flow injection arrangements were 0.097 mol dm-3 and 0.27 mol dm-3 , respectively. Secondly, the determination of lead by differential pulse voltammetry was performed. The electrochemical properties of lead complex were investigated. During these experiments it was found out that small amount of this complex was adsorbed on the surface of silver solid amalgam electrode. The calibration was performed, the limit of detection was 0.020 mol dm-3 . Keywords Lead, 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol, flow injection analysis, UV/VIS molecular spectrometry, differential pulse voltammetry, silver solid amalgam electrode.
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The study of electrochemical reduction of chenodeoxycholic acid at stationary mercury-based electrodes
Patáková, Adéla ; Schwarzová, Karolina (advisor) ; Fischer, Jan (referee)
Chenodeoxycholic acid is the most common representative of bile acids in the human body. This work studies its electrochemical reduction at stationary mercury- based electrodes using the DC voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. These were performed on a silver solid amalgam electrode modified by a mercury meniscus (m-AgSAE) and a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). On the scale of pH 4.0 - 12.0 offers CDCA one reduction signal in the area of highly negative potentials around −1400 mV. There is a distinctive change in the behavior of CDCA for buffers of pH lower than 6.0, compared to other pH values. This change is observable on both m-AgSAE and HMDE through the DC voltammetry and DPV methods. This happens due to protonization of carboxyl group on C24. This change is strongest with pH of 4.0. For that reason, CDCA was studied in two environments - a 0.04 mol.l−1 borat buffer (pH 9.1) - methanol (9:1) and in a BR buffer (pH 4.0) - methanol (9:1). In both environments, the lowest detection threshold has been reached through the DC voltammetry method on HMDE. The cyclic voltammetry method was used to study the electrode process. Again, measuring in pH 9.1 and pH 4.0 was done. For pH 9.1, this is a quasireversible process controlled by adsorption of both electrodes studied. For pH 4.0 is...
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Voltammetric determination of benzophenone-3 at carbon paste electrode
Molitor, Vít ; Zima, Jiří (advisor) ; Navrátil, Tomáš (referee)
A method for analysing benzophenone-3 on carbon paste electrode was developed. As a solvent a mixture Britton-Robinson buffer and methanol was used. The pH value of 12 was determined as optimal for further measurements. It was also found out that methanol added to the analyte solution did not negatively influence the voltammetric measurement. To decrease the limit of benzophenone-3 determination the accumulation of the analyte in the electrode surface was studied. The accumulation time of 300 seconds and accumulation potential of +400 mV were used as optimal. When measured under optimal coniditions the limit of detection was 6×10-7 M in deionised water and 5,5×10-7 M in drinking water. Real sample was measured using differential pulse voltammetry and spectrophotometry.
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Electrochemical Determination of Fomesafen
Maška, Jan ; Barek, Jiří (advisor) ; Fischer, Jan (referee)
The submitted work deals with the application of voltammetric determination of Fomesafen using non-traditional mercury meniscus modified silver solid amalgam electrode on model samples of Fomesafen in real aqueous matrices of drinking and river water. This method of measurement has been developed and optimized in my bachelor thesis, which the diploma thesis is related to. Fomesafen belongs to a group of herbicides used on a mass scale in the late 20th century in the USA and in many countries around the world still used even today. Among its side effects according to the EPA include, among others, potential carcinogenicity to humans and confirmed carcinogenicity to some mammals (such as rats) which led to a legislative regulation on its use in many countries around the world including the USA, the European Union and many others. Silver solid amalgam electrode has been developed with the intention to limit the use of mercury in accordance with new legislation of the European Union and the concept of green analytical chemistry. Despite the low levels of mercury mainly bound in the form of virtually harmless silver amalgam electrode retains very similar electrochemical properties with proven mercury electrodes. As part of the thesis, direct determination of a number of partial extraction of Fomesafen...
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Influence of liposomal platinum cytostatics on cancer cells – voltammetric study
Laníková, Petra ; Prášek, Jan (referee) ; Hynek, David (advisor)
Aim of this thesis is voltammetric study influence of liposomal platinum cytostatics on cancer cells. One of the goals is summarize available informations about influence of cisplatine on cancer cells, its encapsulation into liposome and affection of this cytostatic cisplatin encapsulated in liposome on cancer cell lines. In literary recherche is detail description of these issues. Than is there specification of voltammetric methods, which serve to electrochemical detection of cisplatin. Based on literary recherche was chosen the best method for detection and subsequently the method was optimalized and than was applied to measuring itself.
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