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Animal Models of Intrauterine Infections
Schuma, Marek ; Šplíchalová, Alla (advisor) ; Seifertová, Eva (referee)
In mammals, embryonic and fetal development takes place in the mother's uterus under sterile conditions. The embryo, and later the fetus, is connected to the placenta by the umbilical cord and floats in amniotic fluid in the amniotic cavity lined by the amniotic membrane. Preterm birth is associated with decreased weight of newborns and increased morbidity and mortality. Intrauterine infections are one of the leading causes of preterm delivery. Various etiological agents, such as viruses, bacteria, yeasts and protozoa, can cause these infections. These infections induce expression of inflammatory mediators, which participate in triggering of preterm birth. One of these mediators are cytokines. The bachelor thesis is based on a literature review dealing with animal models of prenatal infections, which are exploited in the study of regulatory mechanisms of preterm births or eventually in the study of experimental manipulation of these mechanisms. Various infectious agents and their parts, such as LPS, and the routes of administration are compared. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of different animal models are discussed with respect to the type of placentation, duration of gestation, animal weight and litter size. The thesis contains the section dealing with experience with a pig model...
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Anthropological perception of current home births without medical assistance.
Drabantová, Lucia ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Koudelová, Jana (referee)
The study discusses the current home births in developed countries. Introduction deals with the emergence of a model of human birth in the background of evolutionary mechanisms and the resulting biological risks, which are illustrated by data on maternal and neonatal mortality. Home births are understood in the complex scale, and so formation of current model of obstetrics in selected countries is shown in historical background. It brings most common image of women and the circumstances that lead to the choice of home birth. The study focuses on the comparison of home and hospital births due to the occurrence of undesirable health complications. As this comparison showed the results that births are largely influenced by medical interventions carried out, frequency of these procedures is also compared. Higher occurrence of interventions in hospital births can be partly explained by changes in the demographic profile of mother, which increases the risks associated with childbirth at home. Data processed in the study suggest that today's home births require extensive implementation of system changes, and therefore the home birth as a safe alternative is not recommended. It also doesn't consider hospital births appropriate in terms of excessive interventions, rather a compromise in the form of home birthing...
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Mother-infant bonding - a historical comparison
Slezáková, Zdeňka ; Dudová, Radka (advisor) ; Šmídová, Olga (referee)
Bonding is an emotional and biological process that creates a bond between a mother and her child and is among others important for easier breastfeeding, faster recovery of the mother etc. It is important to support it by an early contact between the mother and her newborn child. The diploma thesis aims to compare the discourse regarding mother-infant bonding and its support in our country around the year of 1980, when the rooming-in system appears, up to the present, with the milestone between 1998 and 2000, when the Centre of Active Birth was established as a result of changes in birth care that occurred then and which started to offer a different kind of care from the model that was known and used in the Czech Republic at that time. Emphasis will be put on the development of the discourse, changes in birth and after-birth care it has brought and changes of its participants and the role which women have as receivers of care. The theoretic part introduces the relatively little-known term 'bonding' and its support from the biological and social points of view, then discourse analysis will be applied in the methodological and experimental parts of the thesis. Analysed materials included media communication both in printed and electronic forms available at each analysed period. Keywords:...
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Children's word in Vietnam
Vu Thi Thu, Thuy ; Hlavatá, Lucie (advisor) ; Slavická, Binh (referee)
The topic of this thesis is "Child and childhood in Vietnam". It focuses on the prenatal and the early period of childhood. The thesis uses a cultural anthropological point of view which emphasizes superstitious or taboo behaviour associated with the time of birth - pregnancy, childbirth, puerperium and child care. For the purposes of the thesis, the research was conducted in the north-east urban areas of Northern Vietnam. Since the myths, taboos and rituals tends to change, develop or even perish, it was necessary to limit the topic in terms of time. Therefore the work studies only three generations of Vietnamese women over a sixty-year period. The thesis is based not only on relevant literature but also on the field research conducted in Vietnam. The interviews and unobtrusive observation carried out among involved women extend the information gained from literature and also provide the women's personal point of view on childbirth and early childcare issues. The main objective is to answer how much the so-called "child's world" has changed in the three-generation period and to what extent the rituals, myths and taboos are still relevant to current issues in contemporary Vietnam. Key words: Vietnam, children, childhood, Vietnamese family, birth, child care, taboo, rituals, superstitions.
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Problematical legal aspects of determination of parenthood
Vařeková, Adéla ; Frinta, Ondřej (advisor) ; Thöndel, Alexandr (referee)
The Abstract The aim of my thesis is to find and describe the problematic aspects of the determination of parenthood. I chose four areas of the determination of parenthood, which can lead to various complications - assisted reproduction, surrogacy, secret childbirths and anonymous births. In the first chapter of the thesis I deal with the legal aspects of the determination of parenthood. I examine mandatory determination of maternity and various assumptions of paternity. With the development of relations in the society and of the reproductive medicine, there emerge possibilities doubting the traditional legal principles of the determination of parenthood. Mother is not always certain anymore and there are five presumptions of paternity in the Czech legal order nowadays, compared to the traditional three. The second chapter is devoted to the issue of assisted reproduction. Assisted reproduction is a modern and rapidly developing area of medicine that allows infertile couples to have their own child. It is a medical specialty that requires a broad legal framework to prevent its abuse. At the end of a successful medical procedure a new life is coming into existence and such area must be regulated. The third chapter, entitled Surrogacy, builds on the previous chapter. Surrogacy is often discussed area of...
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Ceremoniousness connected with birth of a child in Pelhřimov distrikt. The Role of the Midwife from the viewpoint of etnology.
Kubíčková, Kristýna ; Krupková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Štěpánová, Irena (referee)
The main theme of this bachelor's thesis is ceremoniousness, which is connected with the birth of a child in Pelhřimov district in the 2nd half of the 19 and the beginning of the 20 century. The second part of the thesis is primarily devoted to related ceremonial acts. The individual chapters are focused on conception of pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium in the folk environment. This very intimate and rarely mapped area of family ceremoniousness is thus seen by means of period literature, articles, archive matters, records and registers. Considering the fact that midwives used to be the principal performers of ceremonial acts connected with the birth of a child the first part of the thesis concetrates on the midwifery issues. It deals with midwives education, their competences and collegial relationships.
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View of woman in labor on the role father during pregnancy and childbirth.
Honetschlägerová, Lucie ; Kulhavá, Miluše (advisor) ; Kolek, Petr (referee)
The theme of my thesis is to look at the role of the father in the expectant mothers during pregnancy and in childbirth. The work is divided into a theoretical part and a practical part. The theoretical section discusses briefly the history of this issue, the preparations during pregnancy on a totally different life, what is the importance of psychoprofylaktické courses, the positives and negatives of the father's presence at birth and what are the roles of the partner for the birth. The main aim of the practical part was to determine whether active or passive help partner during pregnancy affect the mental state of women, whether partners visit antenatal courses, how to evaluate the presence of partner expectant mothers at delivery, what roles meet partner at birth and that the joint participation at birth should affect their relationship. To achieve the aims of quantitative research method has been selected in the form of a questionnaire survey. The questionnaires were handed out to women who have had a partner at birth. Research has found that most of the surveyed women cannot complain about the lack of attention on the part of the partners, whether it's about pregnancy is wanted or unwanted. The research also shows that all in all the surveyed women was the presence of the father at birth the...
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Commented translation: Men's Experience of Birth (Chapter 6), p.161-177 and 205-210 (Reed, Richard K. Birthing Fathers: The Transformation of Men in American Rites of Birth. Rutgers University Press, New Brunsvick, USA 2005. Electronic version at http: www.nkp.cz/, 12. 11. 2011)
Kadaňková, Monika ; Šťastná, Zuzana (advisor) ; Mraček, David (referee)
This thesis consists of two parts: the first one is a Czech translation of two parts of the 6th chapter from the book "Birthing Fathers: The transformation of Men in American Rites of Birth" by Richard K. Reed, the second one is an analysis of the translation. The analysis begins with an outline of the intratextual and extratextual factors of the original text (according to Christiane Nord), it is followed by an overview of the most salient issues, which emerged during the process, and their solutions, then the analysis deals with the translation shifts and ends with the description of the chosen translation method. The text itself tackles the issue of men in the pocess of birth and is based on an anthropological research. Key words: translation, translatological analysis, translation problem, translation shift, translation method, pregnancy, birth, birthing men
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Spirituality of Faithful Women in Pregnancy and after the Birth
Talířová, Kateřina ; Landová, Tabita (advisor) ; Beneš, Ladislav (referee)
Master's thesis called Spirituality of Faithful Women in Pregnancy and after the Birth focuses on meaning of spirituality, expressing of spirituality and possible transformation of women's spirituality in pregnancy and after the birth. The thesis is divided into theoretical and research part. The theoretical part contains three chapters. The aim of the first chapter is to define the term of spirituality. It deals with spirituality as a dimension of personality, and spirituality as a need. This part also presents the seven dimensions of Christian spirituality, spirituality of women and the spirituality of motherhood. The second chapter describes the term of pregnancy, childbirth and the period after the birth from the perspective of a holistic approach. The third chapter focuses on spirituality in pregnancy and after the birth. This part contains biblical-theological perspective of pregnancy and childbirth and includes the Roman Catholic Church point of view. The research part of the thesis uses a qualitative social science approach with biographical research design. The goal is to find out the meaning of spirituality in pregnancy and after the birth for women of the Roman Catholic Church, and to find out, how the spirituality is changed and how it is manifested. Master's thesis is written in the...
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Transcultural Midwifery Care Focusing on the Mongolian Women Living in the Czech Republic
Hromková, Lucie ; Hroníková, Linda (advisor) ; Vrublová, Yvetta (referee) ; Šima, Jiří (referee)
The dissertation aims at the issue of transcultural care in the practice of midwives with a specific focus on Mongolian women, who currently represent the fifth largest group in terms of the number of births of foreigners in the Czech Republic. The theoretical framework of the text consists of chapters on nursing with subsequent differentiation of the field with regard to specialized care in the field of gynecology-obstetrics, as well as the divided subdiscipline of transcultural nursing care. An integral part of the theoretical part of the work are the basic general information about Mongolia and the Mongols. The practical part of the work is represented by my own qualitative and quantitative research. Qualitative research was carried out in the field through in-depth interviews with Mongolian women living in the Czech Republic and having experience with their own childbirth in a Czech maternity hospital. The aim of the research was to uncover possible peculiarities and requirements that a midwife may encounter from Mongolian women in the provision of transcultural care related to pregnancy, childbirth and the postnatal period. Additional quantitative research was conducted in the form of a questionnaire survey among Prague midwives and was focused on finding out the awareness, previous experience...
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