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Determination of organic substances in tar formed after biomass combustion and gasification
Hájek, Radek ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Biomass pyrolysis and gasification techniques count among basic technological procedures for its use as a source of energy. As a side-effect, production of tar can be considered. Tar is a complex mixture of various organic compounds and affects negatively both the environment and the facilities where biomass is processed. Within the scope of this master thesis the analysis of tar samples from different materials was performed. As an appropriate analytical method the gas chromatography combined with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) was chosen. The concentrations of volatile organic compounds known as BTEX, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and phenolic compounds were assessed.
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Biomass boilers
Jelen, Richard ; Štelcl, Otakar (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with biomass boilers. The first part is dedicated to biomass, its distribution, characteristics and potential. The second part describes a combustion process, construction and severance of biomass boilers. The last part of this thesis compares the selected biomass boilers from an economic perspective.
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Overview of information resources on biomass combustion
Komárek, Martin ; Bělohradský, Petr (referee) ; Hájek, Jiří (advisor)
The Bachalor's work is concerned to the mapping of the information resources in the area of biomass combustion. The main aim and theme on wich is the work mainly focused on, is to introduce basic, as well as related information sources, which from is possible obtain useful and valuable datas for any further manipultion together with research of biomass combustion and scene field of energetics, as the integral part. Significant attention in each chapter si aslo put on the gathering practice - oriented and applied informations.
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Biomass boilers with high outputs
Chmelíček, Jiří ; Štelcl, Otakar (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with biomass boilers with high outputs. The thesis is divided into several parts. The first part is characterized by biomass, characteristics and modifications are described. In the second part of this thesis combustion process is described briefly, there is short talking about types of boilers with high outputs in this part. In the next part there are examples of boilers. The last part is about users of biomass boilers.
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Using Biomass for Cogeneration of Heat and Electricity
Vašíček, Martin ; Macháček, Jan (referee) ; Toman, Petr (advisor)
Theoretical part is concerned to disposal of biomass kinds and various forms of applications. The basic characteristic for each kind of biomass and their forms are presented. Characteristics of energy plants and woods are more detailed. In work are described two fundamental kinds of combustion, fluid combustion and grate combustion, which are used in power plants and heating plants. The work describes process of gasification and obtaining wood gas from biomass. Evaluation of (energy plants, wood biomass and the rest from agriculture production – straw) in light of heating power, treatment, handling, ash creation and environment pollution is provided. Work is concerned to redemption price history, volume of produced biomass and perspective to future. Czech Republic legislation gives support to biomass usage by guarantee for electric energy purchasing and same redemption price perspective. Explain term of cogeneration, possibility of cegeneration units application – their kinds with fuel usage aspect (biogas, natural gas, wood gas). Practical part is concerned to design of such kind of unit. Cogeneration unit will be installed in company, which producing wood. For this reason will be used wood biomass to produce wood gas. Size of unit, fuel consumption, and cost saving in comparison to electric energy together with recovery of investment are calculated. In work is drawn out possibility to connect this unit to distribution electrical network, possibility of electric energy distribution and due this to improve backflow. Noticeable are possibilities to get state grant from various grant sources.
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Process identification, experimental unit for biomass combustion
Macalík, Radek ; Němec, Zdeněk (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
This thesis dissertates the identification of existing experimental unit of biomass combustion. It analyses particular methods of identification, the selection of a model and methods of the estimation of parameters, especially by using last square method and analysis of time-response characteristic. It describes common identification procedure and particular algorithms which were used in practice for obtaining model’s parameters. The thesis also mentions popular software tools used for the modeling and the identification of systems. It comprises the implementation of obtained mathematic models using programming environment Borland Delphi as well.
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Electrostatic precipitator for household wood firing boiler
Preisler, Lukáš ; Skála, Zdeněk (referee) ; Brázdil, Marian (advisor)
This diploma thesis aims on the development of an experimental electrostatic precipitator for household wood firing boiler. First, a literature review was conducted, aiming on the description of the precipitator using physical relations and, on its basis, a numerical model was created. By applying the numerical model, the precipitator configuration was designed as well as the engineering design of the whole system. The chosen configuration was validated by measurement using the corona discharge starting at voltage of 6,5 kV. By applying modifications, the electrostatic precipitator was built and tested during a running boiler. Due to flue gas condensation and load, corona discharge did not initiate, and the parameters were not validated. Modifications in the construction design were suggested leading to launch the electrostatic precipitator. The main requirement is a surface finishing of wire hinging components.
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Toxicity of fine and ultrafine particles from combustion processes
Berková, Helena ; Köbölová, Klaudie (referee) ; Adamec, Vladimír (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the toxicity of fine and ultrafine particles from biomass combustion. The theoretical part is focused on the current state of this issue from the origin, physicochemical properties, mechanism of toxicity of particles, to their impact on the environment and human health. The following is an overview of tests for determining the toxicity of fine and ultrafine particles. The experimental part is devoted to the actual sampling of biomass combustion, their characterization, cultivation of the tested organism and toxicity tests. The results of acute toxicity tests are expressed in terms of percentage mortality values and then the toxicity is evaluated.
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Emissions from biomass combustion
Vaněk, Michal ; Lisá, Hana (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
The thesis deals with harmful substances originating as products of biomass combus-tion and possibilities of reducing their emissions from boilers for household heating. First of all, biomass is introduced and a description of important fuel properties in terms of its combustion is given. Secondly, the characteristic of the combustion process and origination mechanisms of individual substances are presented. This is followed by a description of the properties of these substances and their impacts on human health and the environment. The purpose of the next chapter is to present the reader with current legislation addressing the emissions of small boilers. Then a separate chapter describes possible methods that can be used to reduce emissions of these devices. Finally, several measures in the form of modifications and devices, capable of reducing harmful emissions of small boilers are given.
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