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Fog as a factor contributing to the total atmospheric deposition
Samcová, Anna ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Stráník, Vojtěch (referee)
This paper is a research of scientific literature. Its objective is to evaluate the impact of fog on the total amount of substances entering ecosystems through the atmospheric deposition process. It summarizes the division of different kinds of fog, its occurrence and basic information about its chemistry. Atmospheric deposition is a process in which substances are transported from the atmosphere to Earth's surface. There is a wet deposition type as well as a dry one. The wet atmospheric deposition is then divided into vertical and horizontal. The influence of the wet atmospheric deposition depends on the altitude. From the elevation of 800 meters above the sea level there is a significant increase in the horizontal component of the atmospheric deposition (e.g. a fog). There are several different kinds of fog that are divided according to diverse criteria. For example depending of their origin, the inside visibility or their duration. Fog is commonly found in places with large humidity. In the Czech Republic region the ion contribution of fog to atmospheric definition is quite underrated. Most common ions in the fog deposition are SO4 2- , NO3 - and NH4 + . These easily become a condensation core for droplets. Atmospheric deposition in total is calculated as the sum of wet and dry vertical...
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Development of air pollution in the selected area
BARTŮŠEK, Ondřej
This thesis presents a comparison of the development of the concentrations of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide in the air in the Usti region. The work described generally air pollution and related terms such as the sources of pollution emission, immission and atmospheric deposition. The study also evaluated pollution nitrogen oxides and sutur dioxide in the Usti region. This work describes the methods that were used in the calculations and evaluations. It also deals with the selecting appropriate measuring stations to handle the development of the concentrations of these substances in the air. The aim of this work is to find trends in time series of concentrations of NOx and SO2 and statistical evaluation of development levels in selected cities Ústí Region. The next section is evaluated spatial analysis of the concentration of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide in the air in the Ústí Region. This area was chosen primarily because it is characterized by significant air pollution.
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Ecology of Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth
Vachová, Pavla ; Hejcman, Michal (advisor)
Ecology of expansion species is still a hot topic. The antropogenic landscape gradually occurred since the Neolithic . The result has been a change in the structure of plant communities and the successful expansion of species such as Calamagrostis epigejos.
C. epigejos is expansive, perennial, long-stemmed, rhizomatous grass. Its important characteristic are very large ecological amplitude, high biomass production and a ability adjust habitat conditions.
Experiments and studies that are included in dissertation, have the following basic objectives: (1) Investigate the expansion of C. epigejos in plant community. (2) Investigate the theoretical degree of stability of this phytocenosis. (3) Determine the response of C. epigejos to nutrients availability. (4) Test of possibility eliminating of C. epigejos. (5) Suggest a practical use of C. epigeos.
Primarily, we monitored the reaction of interest species to management (aplication of N, P, K nutrients, mowing in various combinations). We were interested in its behavior in the plant community. It founded field and pot experiment. Results of field experiment were also used to calculate the theoretical measure of the stability of individual variants. Further research has been directed at eliminating C. epigejos using wireworms (Elateridae larvae species). The study which uses C epigejos for monitoring of deposition of heavy metals, has shown that aspects of the global expansion of the grass are not always negative.
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The chemistry of atmospheric deposition at selected locations of Zlin Region
Zádrapová, Dagmar ; Vach, Marek (advisor) ; Sychová, Petra (referee)
Atmospheric and environmental pollution caused by heavy metals is nowadays one of the major environmental topics. Even though some of the heavy metals represent important trace elements for most of the organisms, their danger lies particularly in their toxicity which occurs even with little concentrations of the element, as well as their ability of bioaccumulation in food chains (Braniš, 2011). The sources of heavy metals in the atmosphere have natural and anthropogenic origin, however most of the emissions originate from the anthropogenic ones. Contamination of the atmosphere has a global character. Starting back in the 1970s, there has been a continuous reduction of heavy metal emissions in Europe (Pacyna, 2007). According to ČHMÚ (2015), one of the most polluted areas in the Czech Republic is currently Ostrava/Karviná/Frýdek-Místek agglomeration.
The aim of this thesis is to analyse and assess the results of selected heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) measurement in total atmospheric deposition, which had been collected at selected localities in Zlin Region. The localities were chosen based on an assumption that the building density can impact the composition of the atmospheric deposition and its potential contamination with heavy metals due to the presence of combustions from residential units. Bulk collectors were chosen for this research and they were continuously exposed at the localities and therefore apart from liquid vertical precipitation, the samples contained also a non-defined amount of dry deposition.
The results of the measurement did not firmly confirm the original hypothesis. Incidence of most of the metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn) was only minor. An enormously high concentration of Cd and Pb occurred in one of the samples, but not repeatedly during next sampling period. This can be considered an extreme which happened because of a random cause.
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Atmospheric deposition of substances in the Czech Republic and abroad
BARTŮŠEK, Ondřej
This thesis is focused on atmospheric deposition of substances in the Czech Republic and abroad. There are also briefly explained concepts such as source pollution emissions and air pollutants, which are depended on each other and which are closely linked with atmospheric deposition. There is also explained the process of formation of atmospheric deposition. There are also described in detail the types of atmospheric deposition, their structure, removing a procedure for estimating the size of atmospheric deposition. To get an idea of the work the values of atmospheric deposition in Europe, China, North America and in the last row in the Czech Republic, where is briefly described the trend of atmospheric deposition. Furthermore, there are station network in the Czech Republic. The last part of the thesis deals with the development of the atmospheric deposition of sulfur, nitrogen and hydrogen ions in the Czech Republic and at certain stations.
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A comparison of the development of atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and phosphorus in different regions of the Czech Republic
SUCHÁ, Jitka
This thesis engages a comparison of the development of atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and phosphorus in different regions of the Czech Republic. The work explains the formation of atmospheric deposition and related terms such as the source of pollution, emissions, air pollution and nitrogen oxides. There are stated types of atmospheric deposition, sampling procedure and the process of determining the size of atmospheric deposition. This work describes the methods that were used in the calculations and evaluations. It also deals with the selection of suitable measuring stations for processing the development of atmospheric nitrogen deposition. The atmospheric deposition of phosphorus were not measured in the territory of the Czech Republic in the period from 2000 to 2010. The aim of this work is to find trends in time series of concentrations of NOx and statistical evaluation of the development of atmospheric nitrogen deposition. For these chapters were selected concentration of nitrogen oxides in the regional towns of the Czech Republic. In the chapter of spatial analyzes of the concentration of nitrogen oxides is selected Ústecký kraj, mainly due to the fact that this area is characterized by significantly high atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and total air pollution. A therm the Black Triangle is often used for this location.
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Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and phosphorus in the Czech republic and round the world.
SUCHÁ, Jitka
This bachelor thesis is focused on the atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and phosphorus in the Czech Republic and round the world. For easier understanding of atmospheric deposition in the thesis there are shortly explained terms such as the source of pollution, emissions and air pollutants, which are interdependent and often interact. There are presented different types of atmospheric deposition, their detailed classification, their collection and the process of determining the size of atmospheric deposition. Furthermore, this thesis gives the current value of atmospheric deposition in European and non European countries and the values in the Czech Republic, where the trend of atmospheric deposition from the fifties to the present is shortly described. The thesis presents the station network in the Czech Republic, its functions and methods of data collection, which are still used to evaluate the air quality situation in Europe in the EMEP programme, where you can find information about other European countries. Then the values of atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and phosphorus in the U.S., especially on the east coast and central parts of the United States of America, and China are presented. The last part of the thesis is focused on atmospheric nitrogen deposition value development in the Czech Republic selected, more or less affected areas in the Czech republic.
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