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Characterization of native and heterologously expressed membrane transporters in yeast using fluorescent probes
Zahumenský, Jakub ; Gášková, Dana (advisor) ; Cebecauer, Marek (referee) ; Krůšek, Jan (referee)
Yeast plasma membrane transporters play crucial roles in many cellular processes, including detoxification and build-up and maintenance of the plasma membrane potential (ΔΨ). The former development of the diS-C3(3) fluorescence assay by the Biophysics Group of the Institute of Physics, Charles University, enabled us to conveniently study both, including their changes, using a simple fluorescent probe diS-C3(3). Many studies carried out on both animal and yeast cells have revealed that ethanol and other alcohols inhibit the functions of various membrane channels, receptors and solute transport proteins, and a direct interaction of alcohols with these membrane proteins has been proposed. Using the diS- C3(3) assay for multidrug-resistance pump inhibitors in a set of isogenic yeast pdr5 and snq2 deletion mutants we found that n-alcohols (from ethanol to hexanol) exhibit an inhibitory effect on both pumps, increasing with the length of the alcohol carbon chain. The inhibition is not connected with loss of plasma membrane structural or functional integrity and is fully reversible. This supports a notion that the inhibitory action does not necessarily involve only changes in the lipid matrix of the membrane but may entail a direct interaction of the alcohols with the pump proteins. Tok1p is a highly specific...
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Obsah přiboudliny v ovocných destilátech
Borko, Jozef
Fusel typical compounds for fruit juices, but also for distillate fractions (Luther head, heart, tail). Of the varieties TOPAZ was ready to leaven, which was converted by distillation to the mentioned distillate fractions. Samples of fresh apple juice and distillate stocks were stored in a cooling box at - 18 ° C. Analysis of fusel oils and other ingredients of fabric were determined SPME / GC / MS. Analytical treated sample (captured in the hollow fiber), followed by desorption of the liquid was divided column. The mass spectrometer analytical peaks quantified according to the standard for which is a recognized m / z. Of the amount of the analyte for each analytical unit (juice - boiling fraction) were separated substance of analytical chemical group of the alcohols, branched alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters and terpenes.
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QSAR Analysis of the Acute Toxicity Indices Determined by Alternative Methods
Kanásová, Mária ; Rucki, Marian (advisor) ; Dvořáková, Markéta (referee)
1 Abstract The goal of the thesis is to determine acute toxicity indices of seven alcohols (2-ethoxyethanol, 1-propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-2-butanol, 3-hexanol, 2-methyl-3-hexanol, 1-nonanol) by two different alternative methods. Another goal is to create QSAR models to predict the acute toxicities of alcohols which belong into model limits. First of the methods used is based on the movement inhibition of lower animals Tubifex tubifex. The method provides the acute toxicity indices EC50. The second method uses the cell line of mouse fibroblasts called Balb/c 3T3 and it provides the acute toxicity indices IC50. The IC50 were recalculated to the LD50 values that correspond to the oral administration of alcohols to a rat. It has been found that 1-nonanol is included into the category of alcohols classified as acute oral toxic according to the EU CLP system. Other six alcohols are non-classified as acute oral toxic. Subsequently, accurate QSAR models has been created in order to predict the acute toxicity of other alcohols using Tubifex tubifex specie or Balb/c 3T3 cell line. The models are suitable for saturated, branched, ethoxy- and cyclic alcohols with the log POW value from −0.74 to 3.07. It was necessary to exclude the acute toxicity indices of 1-nonanol from these models as some solubility...
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Alternative Powertrains and Fuels
Ondica, Rastislav ; Prokop, Aleš (referee) ; Dundálek, Radim (advisor)
This thesis explores different options about how to drive a vehicle, than using petrol and diesel. It discusess alternative fuels for combustion engines. It also explains hybrid and electric powertrains. It concentrates mostly on aspects such as ecology, costs, safety and the possibility of using those solutions.
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Detailed characterization of pyrolysis oil by separation techniques and mass spectrometry
Žvaková, Veronika ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
The aim of this work is detailed characterization of pyrolysis oil by advanced analytical separation methods and mass spectrometry. During the pyrolysis process decomposition of complex organic material take place in the presence of high temperatures and the absence of oxygen. Condensable part of vapours and aerosols forms viscous liquid called pyrolysis oil which is a complex mixture of large amount of compounds. In this work samples from microwave pyrolysis of woodchips and sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plant Brno-Modřice were analysed. Samples were provided by Bionic Laboratories company. Samples were separated by column chromatography on activated silica. For detailed characterization of each fraction gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection with time of flight analyser were used. Substances that have been identified can be divided into several groups: alkanes, alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, carboxylic acid and heterocycles.
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The impact of regulations on the alcohol sale
Skalníková, Věra ; Pardupa, Martin (advisor) ; Lipka, David (referee)
Důvodem pro stanovení regulací jsou patologické jevy, které spotřeba alkoholu či drog způsobuje. Hlavním úkolem mé práce je zjistit, zda regulace mají vliv na snižování spotřeby regulovaných látek. Zda efekty plynoucí z omezování přístupu k daným látkám skutečně převyšují náklady a ztráty, které regulace přináší. Chtěla bych zjistit, jaká míra regulace je efektivní. Budu se snažit najít odpověď na otázku, zda stát a jeho orgány jsou natolik efektivní institucí, aby mohly zastávat takovou dominantní roli, jako v dnešní době zastávají.
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