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Analysis of active substances and biological effects of some non-tradizional cereals
Pecháček, Michal ; Vysoká, Marie (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
This thesis deals with the characterization of active substances and biological effects of non-traditional cereals. Basic substances of these non-traditional cereals such as carbohydrates or proteins are characterized in this work. Active compounds such as antioxidants, polyphenols or -glucans are also characterized. These substances were mainly analysed by spectrophotometric methods. The theoretical part describes cereals in general. It focuses on grain morphology, cereal products and mostly on chemical composition. The summary of substances appearing in the cereal grain such as carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals etc. was processed in this part. In the practical part, the samples of the non-traditional cereals such as amaranth, sorghum, millet, kamut, buckwheat, quinoa, Job’s tears and teff were analysed. Amaranth, millet and buckwheat were also analysed in the form of flakes. Teff was analysed only in the form of flakes. Sorghum and quinoa were analysed also in their coloured variations. Firstly, the water extracts were prepared, then they were used for determination of antioxidant activity, the content of polyphenols compounds and flavonoids. The hydrolysed samples were used for determination of the carbohydrates. For other basic analysis, samples were used in the form of powder. Best results were measured for quinoa, amaranth and buckwheat. Besides basic analysis, the content of -glucans was measured. However, the content of -glucans in these non-traditional cereals was very low. Selected cereals were tested for cytotoxicity on human cells. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by using the MTT cytotoxicity test on human keratinocytes HaCaT and human caucasian colon adenocarcinoma CaCO-2. The sensory analysis was carried out in the last part of the thesis. There were tested 6 samples. From these samples were made muffins that were analysed and sensorically evaluated.
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Using of cannabis extracts for the acne preparation of cosmetic products
Pelánová, Lenka ; Langová, Denisa (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
Hemp belongs among important plants with therapeutic effects thanks to its high content of substances. This bachelor thesis brings information about the use of hemp in acne preparations. The theoretical part of this thesis focuses on the characterization of hemp and its active substances. The next chapters deal with acne and Propionibacterium acnes, which is involved in the course. For the experimental part, the extracts of two hemp varieties (Ferimon and Carmagnola) were characterized in terms of antioxidant and cannabinoid presence. The cosmetic preparations with hemp extract content were prepared and commercial products were purchased too. In both the extracts and the cosmetic preparations, their inhibitory effect against Propionibacterium acnes was observed. Micrococcus luteus, Candida glabrata and Escherichia coli were also tested. The results show that dried hemp flower extracts contain the largest amount of active substances. All hemp extracts had effect against gram-positive bacteria, in cosmetic preparations it was minimal effect or no effect.
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Antimicrobial substances from plants and their application in acne preparations
Alexová, Adéla ; Byrtusová, Dana (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is a determination of selected active substances of various plants and their possible application in cosmetic products for acne. In the theoretical part, an inventory of active substances including their effects in cosmetic products has been developed. Furthermore, the work is focused on characteristics of certain types of plants, mechanisms of antimicrobial effects and the emergence and treatment of acne. In the experimental part of this work the contents of biologically active substances, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity in extracts from selected plant species are characterized, namely from flowers of Levandula angustifolia, Matricaria chamomilla, Calendula officinalis, Syzygium aromaticum, leaves of Salvia officinalis and leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis. The plant extracts are also tested in different mixtures. Plant extracts and mixtures are incorporated into a recipe of acne cosmetic products. Their inhibitory effect against Propionibacterium acnes which causes acne and against representatives G+, G- and yeast Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli and Candida glabrata is observed. From the results it is clear that the best products against acne are micellar water and possibly skin lotion. The biggest amount of active substances is in cosmetic products which contain Matricaria, Syzygium and Rosmarinus. Overall effect of active substances is lower in cosmetic products than in 100% extracts.
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The antimicrobial effects of plant extracts against yeast skin mycoses
Posztósová, Gyöngyi ; Rapta, Marek (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
Superficial cutaneous mycoses are relatively widespread and affect more and more people. Currently are used drugs as ketoconazole, fluconazole and others to treat mycoses. Pathogens occasionally become resistant to these drugs. Medicinal plants have a long history in alternative medicine and they could be a good solution. This bachelor thesis deals with the study of antifungal activity of selected plants. Were prepared ethanol extracts of basil, betony, eucalyptus, turmeric, geranium, oregano and ginseng. The theoretical part of thesis contains a review of the most frequently occurring dermatomycoses. It describes plants as sources of natural substances with antimicrobial effect and the content of selected active substances. The experimental part is focused on the analysis of plant extracts. Was determined the content of total polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidants. The antimicrobial activity was monitored against yeast Candida glabrata and against G- and G+ bacteria, specifically Escherichia coli and Micrococcus luteus. Finally, the cosmetic products with the addition of plant extract were prepared and tested against mycoses.
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Active components of technical cannabis and their application in cosmetics
Kubáčková, Eliška ; Bokrová, Jitka (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
Hemp is unique plant with many therapeutic effects thanks to its large content of substances. This bachelor thesis brings information about characterization of main biological active substances in cannabis sativa, which are described in theoretical part of this thesis and determined in experimental part of this thesis. As a main active substance were determined antioxidants and cannabinoids for which the liquid chromatography method was optimized. This bachelor thesis also describes the antimicrobial effect of active cannabis substances for which it is used in the cosmetic industry. This antimicrobial activity has been studied in terms of the effect against dandruff, which is primarily caused by the high incidence of Malassezia yeasts on the skin of human hair. For the experimental part, the extracts of the technical hemp and more specific varieties of Bialobrzeskie and Finola were tested, which were further used for the preparation of the anti-dandruff shampoo. By analyzing the active substances in hemp extracts, the uniform result was obtained - the highest content of antioxidants and cannabinoids was reached by preparing of extract from dried hemp flowers. In the last part of the thesis, the antimicrobial effect of hemp extracts and prepared hemp shampoos was determined on selected strains of microorganisms and it was observed antimicrobial activity in extracts and shampoos againts Malassezia furfur yeast.
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The negative effect of raw foods due to possible microbial contamination
Šťastná, Martina ; Hlaváček, Viliam (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
Raw diet is the current trend in nutrition, mainly because of the consumption of a balanced diet with a high proportion of health benefits. The basis is the consumption of fresh foods that have not undergone a heat treatment exceeding 42 - 45 ° C. The topic of the bachelor thesis is the general characterization of raw diet, safety of possible microbial contamination and determination of important nutrients and active substances contained in raw products. There are described the most widespread types of meals, approximation of raw diet in terms of its advantages and disadvantages. Also, there are described the most important bacteria, yeasts and molds occurring on fruits and vegetables. By selected methods described in the theoretical part, some nutrients and active ingredients in raw stick samples were determined. The experimental part describes the procedures and principles for the determination of these substances, and last but not least, the real-time PCR methods, agarose gel electrophoresis and the method of sample inoculation for selective solid media that have brought closer the possibility of occurrence of undesirable microorganisms in raw bars and cake. Despite the large number of benefits of raw food consumption and products made from it, it is necessary to take care of its health also in terms of possible contamination by microorganisms. The risk is that the food is not free from unwanted microorganisms during preparation. This is the reason why the raw products are consumed in the shortest possible time after opening, because they become easily a nutrition source for different types of microorganisms due to their composition.
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Mashrooms and their importance in nutrition.
SOUČKOVÁ, Jana
The thesis is focused on the theme of mushrooms and their importance in nutrition. The theoretical part deals with the chemical composition of higher mushrooms in general and describes their significance for human health. It focuses mainly on the positive effects of mushrooms on the human body. The practical part consists of questionnaires on the subject and their evaluation. The aim of my work was to find out what knowledge about mushrooms people have and how often they consume them.
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