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Rozlišení zástupců rodu Capsicum pomocí metody založené na PCR
Sobotková, Renata
The diploma thesis is focused on the use of the ISSR and SSR methods for the purpose of genetic analysis of 9 varieties of pepper (Capsicum annuum). The literature review describes the basic characteristics of the pepper. The next part is focused on the description of molecular methods. The aim was to find suitable ISSR primers and SSR markers that can distinguish individual varieties of pepper. Based on the results dendrograms of genetic related of the studied varieties were created.
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Rozlišení zástupců rodu Daucus pomocí metody založené na PCR
Křemenová, Ludmila
The diploma thesis is focused on the use of the ISSR and SSR methods, with the intention of genetic differentiation of 7 varieties of carrot (Daucus carota L., subsp. sativus (HOFFM.) SCHUBL & MART.). The literary part of the thesis is focused on the basic characteristics and history of carrots. The following part of the thesis is focused on the description of molecular methods based on PCR, which are RAPD, AFLP, ISSR, and SSR, and also the description of the PCR method itself. The purpose was to find suitable ISSR primers and SSR markers that could distinguish individual carrot varieties. Based on analyses and their results, dendrograms of the genetic affinity of observed varieties were created.
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Využití SSR analýzy ke stanovení rodičů odrůdy révy vinné Vesna
Buchtová, Simona
The aim of the work was to verify the correctness of the declared breeding of the Vesna variety with SSR methods. There were acquired SSR profiles of the Vesna variety and three varieties that are assumed to be involved in its pedigree and those were compared with available results from abroad. It has been proved that the declared breeding (Merlan x Rakiš) most likely corresponds with reality. Comparison of SSR profiles of the analyzed varieties proved that one of them was marked with incorrect name, nevertheless profile extracted from literature corresponds with the declared breeding.
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Testování genetické čistoty hybridního osiva zelí hlávkového pomocí molekulárních metod
O'Shea, Denisa
This diploma thesis deals with testing of hybrid seeds genetic purity in three varieties of head cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.). The suitability of SSR primers chosen according to an earlier screening carried out as a part of a research project in the workplace of Mendeleum and hybrid seeds genetic purity in head cabbage by SSR molecular method was tested. Among the total of 8 SSR primers screened, only 5 could produce both parent specific markers and therefore they were able to differentiate hybrid offspring and its corresponding parental lines, by which crossbreeding they originated. For each variety, 70 samples of hybrid offspring and 2 samples of parental lines were tested always in two sets. By using these primers, the genetic purity of the variety D - F1 was determinated as 100% and of the varieties H - F1 and T - F1 as 98.57%. The results of this thesis have the potential to be used in practice by a commercial company that has provided the seed samples for testing.
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Population genetic aspects of plant invasions: studies of genetic and cytotype variability in invasive and native populations of \kur{Phalaris arundinacea} L. a \kur{Myriophyllum} sp.
KÁVOVÁ, Tereza
One of the hypotheses about the causes of invasive transmission of Phalaris arundinacea in the US is, that this species have repeatively introducted from Europe or by hybridization of the introduced genotypes with the native species. This is the same situation as Phragmites australis. Part of this intercontinental gene flow is enhanced by the production of Phalaris cultivars in Minnesota. The consequences of these exchanges have a significant impact on the management of invasive crops from both continents. Previous studies confirm only minimal morphological heterogeneity between cultivated and native (wild) forms of Phalaris arundinacea. In Phalaris arundinacea, we analyzed genetic similarities and differences between the US populations (Minnesota) and population of the Czech Republic. The extent of genetic variation in native and invasive populations was compared using ISSR markers. The occurence of commercial genotypes was observed across the full spectrum of invasive genotypes, which suggests a relatively frequent exchange of genes among forage, ornamental, and native US populations. The genus Myriophyllum is mainly significant because of its invasive species, which have always been in a special position as the course of ecological and evolutionary changes may be observed in real time. In Central Europe it is represented by three native species (M. spicatum L., M. alterniflorum and M. verticillatum) and two non-native species of North American M. heterophyllum and South American M. aquaticum. Species M. spicatum, together with M. heterophyllum and M. aquaticum, is one of the most important invasive plants that, due to their aggressive growth, cause many problems, especially in North America. The main theme of this Ph.D. is the evaluation of the role of polyploidization in processes leading to invasive character of some species of the genus Myriophyllum in the USA, cytological and population-genetic comparison of native (Eurasia) and invasive populations (US) of Myriophyllum spicatum. Moreover, possible "Pools" of genetic and cytotype variability of invasive populations and evaluation of usability of simple genome size were determinated in taxonomic determination by classical morphological procedure of unclassifiable plants, which might reduce the cost and efficiency of invasive stool biomonitoring and thus the management of its invasive populations
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Rezistence genes against fungi deseases in cereals and methods for their detection
Stuchlíková, Šárka ; Dumalasová, Veronika (advisor) ; Schwarzerová, Kateřina (referee)
The paper deals with the possibilities of detection fungal disease resistance genes in the original European cereals, such as wheat, barley, rye and oats. It provides an overview of the most important resistance genes for breeding. The significance of the resistance genes is evaluated on the basis of the harmfulness of the individual cereal fungal diseases, as well as the importance of the individual cereal species. It describes the possibilities of detecting resistance genes using molecular markers and compares various types of molecular markers. It seeks answers to the question of where the breeding on resistance and therefore the use of molecular markers brings the greatest benefit.
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Hybridization of crab apple with domestic apple trees
Portl, Jiří ; Fér, Tomáš (advisor) ; Prančl, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis summarizes known information about hybridization (anthropohybridization) crab apple with orchard apple. Next it follows up mainly genetic and morphometric methods that haven't been used in the hybridization studies yet. Crab apple (Malus sylvestris) is the only one wild species in Malus genus in Europe. However in the last few decades these populations are endangered by orchard apple (Malus ×domestica), that originates from central Asia. It often outspreads into the free nature and thereby closer to wild apple plants, that leads to easier hybridization of these two woods. This process leads up to decreasing number of genetically pure crab apple individuals and also to slow hybrid plants expansion. This trend, which was called anthropohybridization, can be observed also in the Prunus genus, where there hybridizes wild species European dwarf cherry Prunus fruticosa with tart cherry Prunus cerasus. Recent studies though refers to following genetic aspects of Malus domestica, namely formation by triple hybridisation. Several locations of crab apple were observed and analysed in Europe in the last few years for study of anthropohybridization degree with Malus ×domestica. There were observed hybrid plants in common with genetically pure Malus sylvestris. Key words: crab apple,...
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Sexual size dimorphism and related phenomena in ungulates
Polák, Jakub ; Frynta, Daniel (advisor) ; Remeš, Vladimír (referee) ; Sedláček, František (referee)
Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) defined by differences in body size of a conspecific male and female are widespread phenomenon in the animal kingdom and ungulates belong among the most dimorphic mammals. In most species males are the larger sex which is often explained by differing sex-specific reproductive roles. While parental investment is predominantly left to females which are the selective sex, males have to fight for access to receptive mates in intensive combats where body size, strength, and condition are often critical. The relationship between male body size and reproductive success varies according to a mating system with the highest SSD being achieved by harem and promiscuous species. Even though several compilation studies of SSD have been done on ungulates it is rare that systematic research is closely concentrated on a well-defined specialised homogenous group where detailed knowledge on its life-history traits is also available. I have focused on subfamily Caprinae and Bovinae with the objective to conduct a detailed analysis of their SSD and its evolutionary traits. Using advanced phylogenetic methods I could reconstruct the ancestral state in wild goats and sheep that was characterised by medium SSD which then took two different routes of evolution depending on a type of habitat and...
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