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Přeprava a manipulace s jatečnými zvířaty
HAMRŠMÍD, Jaroslav
Work deals with transport of animals for slaughter and its influence on the quality of meat. Summarizes the right ways of loading, unloading and manipulating with animals. Determinates the precise requirements for the means of transport and transport equipment. Includes the most used transportation by road and marginally used transport by rail and water. Mentions the most common causes of injuries, deaths and losses during transport. Points to the influence of manipulations with animals on the quality of the meat. The result of improper treatment of animals are meat defects DFD and PSE, witch are commonly caused by stress and exhaustion of energy reserves. Describes the basic defects of meat of slaughtered animals-bovine animals, pigs and chickens. Mentions the basic laboratory techniques for the detection of these abnormalities.
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Self-efficacy at children doing sport
Mlynářová, Valerie ; Horáková Hoskovcová, Simona (advisor) ; Čáp, David (referee)
Self-efficacy was found as a strong predictor of sport performance in many researches. In this paper we focus on self-efficacy in children doing sport and we observe the relationship between self-efficacy, competitive anxiety and sport performance in children. In theoretical part we define self-efficacy, its sources and types of self-efficacy measurements in sport and physical activity. We summarize knowledge from previous researches and we also give some information about sport in children, especially about their physical and mental sport preparation. Empirical part of this paper presents our research done with young swimmers aged 10-15 years. We used Physical Self-efficacy Scale for children PSE and Competitive State Anxiety Inventory for Children CSAI-2C. Despite of our assumptions we didn't find self-efficacy or competitive anxiety to be a strong predictor of objective sport performance. Significance was found in subjective performance and its relationship to self-efficacy (positive correlations) and precompetitive cognitive anxiety (negative correlations). Keywords: Self-efficacy, precompetitive anxiety, sport, adolescence, CSAI-2C, PSE
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PSE as One of the Possibilities of Primary Prevention
Říhová, Ivana ; Valenta, Josef (advisor) ; Švandová, Martina (referee)
This thesis is focused on the possibility of using Personal and Social Education in implementing effective primary prevention program in elementary schools. After the theoretical analysis of primary prevention and Personal and Social Education, the second part of the thesis presents and analyzes a proposed model of prolonged non-specific primary prevention, which is based mainly on the activities of school prevention methodologist. The methodologist is educated in social pedagogy and professionally trained in Personal and Social Education. The school prevention methodologist is employed full-time for this position, he does not teach any other subject but Personal and Social Education. In this part of the thesis there are discussed demands on school prevention methodologist activities and difficulties of presented primary prevention model. The last chapter presents supporting research that took place at four elementary schools in Prague. Observations of the teaching Personal and Social Education, conversations with its teacher and also an analysis of the Minimum Preventive Program of the school were made there.
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Content of rutin in selected elderberry cultivars
Píšťková, Magdalena ; Hrstka, Miroslav (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis was to determine the rutin content in springs and leaves of 19 elderberry species (Sambucus nigra L.) with use of liquid chromatography. Furthermore the rutin content was determined in its significant sources – rue and buckwheat. The observed values were compared in order to answer the question whether it is useful to use the elderberry spring and leaves as a new source of rutin. Theoretical part of the thesis describes elderberry in general, its chemical composition and its usage in medicine. Following part concentrates on important substances contained in elderberry – flavonoids. Also principles of extraction techniques and HPLC are discussed. In practice the rutin was gained from plant matrix with use of pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) which was performed in three five minutes long cycles. Conditions during the PHWE were set up to 80 °C and 150 bars. Obtained extract was purified with use of SPE columns and analyzed by HPLC with DAD detector (wave length – 360 nm). HPLC was performed with SUPELCOSILTMLC-8DB column. The mobile phase was composed of MeOH, H2O, and HCOOH in ration of 36:61,5:2,5. The set up flow of mobile phase was 1 ml/min. In the leaves the highest rutin content was determined in Pregarten – 26,34 ± 0,50 mg/g. On the other hand the lowest rutin content in leaves was determined in Körsör – 3,74 ± 0,13 mg/g. In springs the obtained results were as follow. The highest content was determined in Samyl – 4,87 ± 0,01 mg/g and the lowest content was determined in Heidegg 13 springs – 0,56 ± 0,01 mg/g. Also the HPLC detection limit – 6,3 . 10-5 mg/ml and quantitation limit – 2,1 . 10-4 mg/ml were determined for rutin.
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Extraction of selected elderberry flavonoids for food industry purposes
Grulichová, Hana ; Hrstka, Miroslav (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
Amount of rutin and quercetin in bark and leaves from different type of Sambucus nigra was determined in this diploma thesis. Records of amounts were compared with amounts in significant sources of these flavonoids. Matters from raw matrix were obtained with pressurized solvent extraction (PSE) and pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE). There was use temperature 120°C, pressure 150 bar, three times 5-min cycles for PSE. There were used 80°C, 150 bar, three 5-min cycles for rutin extracted with PHWE and the same condition were used for extraction of quercetin only the temperature was changed to 100 °C. Analysis of rutin and quercetin were carry out high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection (DAD), where was used SUPELCOSILTM LC 8DB column (5µm; 250 x 4.6 mm). Methanol: water: formic acid (36: 61.5: 2.5, pH 2.17 2.28) was used like a mobile phase. The flow of the mobile phase was set up 0.7 ml/min. Size of sample was 10 µl. The most amount of rutin was determined in the leaves of wild kind of Sambucus nigra with methanol extraction and hot water too. Extraction with PHWE was more effectively. There were determined 5.58 mg of rutin in one gram of sample from wild Sambucus nigra. There were determined the smallest amount of rutin in Sambucus nigra Körsör. There was found only 0.13 mg/g with extraction PHWE. The quercetin wasn’t determined in any Sambucus nigra leaves. There were found both of the flavonoids (rutin and quercetin) in the branch of Sambucus nigra. The rutin was determined in the small amount in wild kind but it was found in the important amount in Sambucus nigra cultivar. Whereas the quercetin was found in higher concentration than rutin when was finding the ideal conditions for extraction of branch. The quercetin was chosen like more important in light of amount. In the end the quercetin wasn’t detected in any Sambucus nigra cultivars. The most amount of quercetin was determined in wild sambucus nigra, 0.24 mg/g. The most amount of rutin was found in Sambucus nigra Albida, 2.33 mg/g.
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Pressurized solvent extraction of plant material for food industry use
Holasová, Petra ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
Flavonoids were identified and quantified in samples of dry leaves of plant Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Content of flavonols (kaempherol, quercetin, myricetin, rutin) and flavons (apigenin, luteolin) were compared in three samples (standard leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni origin from Ukraine and from Czech republic), that were extracted by three extraction methods (PSE, ultrasonic extraction, Soxhlet extraction) with two polar solvents, methanol and ethanol, in combination with non-polar hexane. Extracts were analyzed by HPLC with detection UV-VIS. Antioxidant activity and total content of flavonoids in extracts were measured by spectrometry. Stable free radical DPPH. was used for determination of scavenging effect in extracts. PSE was the most effective extraction method with this conditions – 120 °C, dynamic mode and with methanol like solvent.
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Utilize of instrumentality PSE (Pressurized Solvent Extraction) in food analysis
Grulichová, Hana ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is engaged in the modern method of extraction PSE (pressurized solvent extraction). There have been two types of this apparatus, One PSE and Fast PSE. In this thesis, the apparatus and its behavior is described. Extraction of anthraquinones, strychnine, berberine, glycyrrhizin, ligustilides from medical plants is presented below. These substancies are used mainly in treatment for various diseases. In this work is noticed trace elements, tocopherols, alkylbenzene sulphonate, isoflavone, dionine, betacarotene, vitamin E, polyphenol extracted from biological samples. Utilization of the substancies from biological samples is very different. Some one decreased risk of osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, cancer and other is by contrast deleterious toxin. High attention is devoted to substancies presented in food such as polychlorinated biphenyls, various pesticides, lipids, oxysterols. These substancies are in food rather undesirable than is why their amount is determinated to the food isn´t deleterious.
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The comparison of selected quality indicators of pork meat
MUŽÍKOVÁ, Monika
The main aim of the thesis is comparison of qualitative indicators of pork meat. The literature review focuses on basic characteristics of pork and development of post mortem changes in which is detected process curing meat and potential quality deviations. In the practical part, there were measured pH values and bioimpedance of two different pig's breeds, including purebred České bílé ušlechtilé and crossbreed of hybrid lines Large White and Landrase. Pigs came from different farms. In all cases values ph and pH corresponded to the normal quality of meat. When the quality indicators were compared between breeds there wasn't statistically significiant difference ( p > 0,05). In the evaulation of correlation dependence, there has been found that the most dependence were pH values and temperatures, then r=-0,5 and r?=25,1%.
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