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Captives. The works of Johann Schiltberger, George of Hungary and Konstantin Mihailović as testimonies about late medieval search for identity and cultural integration in the Muslim world
Srncová, Karolina ; Nejedlý, Martin (advisor) ; Drška, Václav (referee)
Captives. The works of Johannes Schiltberger, George of Hungary and Konstantin Mihailović as testimonies about late medieval search for identity and cultural integration in the Muslim world Bc. Karolina Srncová The master's thesis enquires into the phenomenon of late medieval reflection on Muslim society in captivity narratives, treatises and memoirs from the pen of former Christian captives. Through a comparison of testimonies by three Europeans, who spent long years in Ottoman or Tatar captivity, the thesis investigates the process of their integration in the Muslim world, their perception of this world, and the notion of it they kept after their return to Christian Europe. Apart from the literary reflection on the other the thesis also pursues authors themselves - how they perceived and constructed their cultural identity in the strange environment, what long-term modus vivendi they employed and by what narratives they tried to present their infidel past back in their homeland. Thus the work aims to contribute to our notion of the Christian-Ottoman encounters in the 15th century, but also to consider the cultural adaptability of late medieval man and the role of captives, men between two worlds, who had to cope with the demands of such an adaptation.
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Firearms in the Middle East. Beginnings, Production and Use.
Beran, Pavel ; Veselý, Rudolf (advisor) ; Bouzek, Jan (referee)
This thesis deals with the development of the hand-held firearms in the Middle East with an emphasis on the period from the 15th to the end of the 18th century. In some passages it also marginally mentions the early 19th century. The first part of the thesis concentrates on the development of firearms in a historical context. The focus is primarily on the Ottoman Empire and partially on Egypt. Among other topics it also analyses the practical use of firearms and the related military tactics including the presence of firearms in major battles, as shown on contemporary paintings and miniatures. In the second part the author deals with the technical development of hand-held firearms. This section focuses mostly on the components of firearms and their development. This section also in some degree deals with the artistic aspects of the preserved firearms. The supplements consist of numerous photographs of the preserved exhibits in Czech and foreign collections and also of other visual materials. Keywords firearms, gunpowder, Middle East, Ottoman Empire, Mamluks, Egypt, flintlock, matchlock, miquelet, stock, barrel, decoration, miniatures
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Ottoman houses in Anatolia and the Balkans
Vytejčková, Kateřina ; Procházka, Lubomír (advisor) ; Pospíšilová, Dagmar (referee)
OTTOMAN HOUSES IN ANATOLIA AND THE BALKANS Ottoman houses in Anatolia and the Balkans are situated in the areas, which were the part of the Ottoman Empire during many centuries and where the Ottoman centralized legal system was applied. This houses belonged to Muslims and Christians, who were local landowners, merchants, and craftsmen. Design of the houses reflects the statute and lifestyle of their owners. Most of the preserved houses originate from the 17th century until the transition of the 19th to the 20th century. They are multi-storeyed houses, which have some external and internal features. It is typical that they have overlapping upper storey to the sides, which are buttressed by wooden braces. Most frequently their ground floor is walled from stones and the upper floors has wooden, half-timbered frame with the filling of an unburnt bricks. The ground floor was used as a service area and on the upper floors there are habitable rooms. These rooms were divided into the male and the female-family section, they could be also divided according to the seasons to the rooms for the winter living and for the summer living. Specific feature of the rooms in ottoman houses is mulifunctionality.
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Druzes in the Lebanese Politics
Pavelková, Zuzana ; Gombár, Eduard (advisor) ; Veselý, Rudolf (referee)
The work aims to outline the fate of the Lebanese Druze community in the period in which they fell under the rule of the Ottoman Empire which is a period when the Druze, unlike today, enjoyed considerable political importance, which had been gradually lost. Regionally focused on Lebanese Emirate and its successor political formations, this work will also deal with the reasons for decline of their influence. The thesis is divided into several parts. The introductory chapter is devoted to familiarization with the Druze religion and social structure. The second chapter describes the period after the conquest by the Ottoman Empire and the peak of Druze power during the Macnid emirate. The third chapter deals with transition of control into Sunni and subsequently Maronite hands of the Shihab dynasty. The fourth chapter deals with the declining role of the Druze and increasing international interference and strengthening the position of Maronite. Last, the fifth chapter provides the context and describes the factors that led to the loss of privileged status of the Druze community.
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Firearms in the Middle East. Beginnings, Production and Use.
Beran, Pavel ; Bouzek, Jan (advisor)
This thesis deals with the development of the hand-held firearms in the Middle East with an emphasis on the period from the 15th to the end of the 18th century. In some passages it also marginally mentions the early 19th century. The first part of the thesis concentrates on the development of firearms in a historical context. The focus is primarily on the Ottoman Empire and partially on Egypt. Among other topics it also analyses the practical use of firearms and the related military tactics including the presence of firearms in major battles, as shown on contemporary paintings and miniatures. In the second part the author deals with the technical development of hand-held firearms. This section focuses mostly on the components of firearms and their development. This section also in some degree deals with the artistic aspects of the preserved firearms. The supplements consist of numerous photographs of the preserved exhibits in Czech and foreign collections and also of other visual materials. Keywords firearms, gunpowder, Middle East, Ottoman Empire, Mamluks, Egypt, flintlock, matchlock, miquelet, stock, barrel, decoration, miniatures
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"Voyage d'Outremer" by Bertrandon de la Broquière as a historical source
Srncová, Karolina ; Nejedlý, Martin (advisor) ; Svátek, Jaroslav (referee)
The bachelor thesis "Voyage dOutremer by Bertrandon de la Broquire as a Historical Source" deals with a travel account by the Burgundian diplomat and spy Bertrandon de la Broquire reporting his pilgrimage to the Holy Land, Syria and the Ottoman Empire in 1432-1433. On the background of the later crusades ideological movement and the Burgundian court as its emphatic supporter the work examines sources and limits of the late medieval religious toleration and cultural openness.
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Šarí´a and state courts changing in time
Bezoušková, Lenka
This paper focuses on development of courts systems in the Muslim history with special reference Ottoman Empire. The center of attention is appointing of judges and chief judge by the ruler, establishing shari´a courts and other courts, e.g. mazálim courts. Courts applied shari´a and the law issued by the ruler and government. The situation dramatically changed in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, especially in Egypt.
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Jerusalem as the root of problems of contemporar Israeli-Palestinian relations.
Tlachová, Veronika ; Havlová, Radka (advisor) ; Šabacká, Yvona (referee)
Bachelor thesis analyses reasons for the rise of Israel-Palestine dispute over Jerusalem, so called Question of Jerusalem. It provides a historical overview from the ancient biblical tradition to the contemporar state of peace process. The thesis place emphasis on analysis of the period of the second half of 19. century, the rise of arab nationalism, jewish sionism, as well as the formation of the state of Israel. The output of this bachelor thesis are possible variations of the future developtment in the Question of Jerusalem, predicating different state of israeli or arab administration over Jerusalem, supervision of international community, participation of resident population, security or economic developtment in the area. Finally, the thesis outlines the ideal variant of solution of the duspute over Jerusalem and conditions of it's realization.
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