|
|
Ecophysiology of photosynthesis of wetland grasses
MEJDOVÁ, Markéta
The wetland ecosystems play an important role in the global carbon cycle. The individual processes of carbon (C) exchange and sequestration of vegetation are studied using different approaches and methods. Using by the photosynthesis light curves can be determined parameters of photosynthesis (Pmax -maximum rate of photosynthesis, Icomp- compensation point, Rd- dark respiration, - maximum quantum yield) of individual plant species. Knowledge of these parameters will allow us to understand what role plants play in the processes of C exchange and sequestration. The main goal of this work was to determine the parameters of the photosynthesis light curve of dominant plant species in the sedge-grass marsh stand of Mokré louky near to Třeboň town. Further to evaluate whether the investigated plant species differ in individual photosynthetic parameters and whether they are affected by environmental conditions. The work took place during the vegetation period of 2013 at weekly intervals. Vegetation mapping was performed also in 2013 and consequently in 2017. For a comprehensive knowledge of the ecosystem, the production characteristics of the investigated plant species and the determination of the big-leaf parameters of the light curve for whole ecosystem. Estimated carbon uptake by the hypothetical big-leaf was compared with net ecosystem exchange (NEE) measured by eddy-covariance (EC) system. The investigated plant species differed significantly in the Pmax parameter and can be divided into three groups according to it. The first group with the highest average value of Pmax includes Glyceria maxima (18.36 ?mol m-2 s-1) and Acorus calamus (16.61 ?mol m-2 s-1). The second group includes Carex acuta (10.83 ?mol m-2 s-1) and Phalaris arundinacea (9.41 ?mol m-2 s-1). And in the third groups with the lowest average value of Pmax includes Calamagrostis canescens (7.02 ?mol m-2 s-1). Pmax was higher in early summer and then gradually decreased. Higher Rd was observed, for example, at the beginning of the growth season; after the flood and especially at the end of the growing season. The Pmax was significantly affected by water level fluctuations in Phalaris arundinacea and Calamagrostis canescens. The Pmax in Phalaris arundinacea was also significantly affected by the June floods. The conductivity of the stomata did not affect the Pmax parameter, but was significantly affected by the water level in all examined plant species. During vegetation mapping in 2013, the following relative representation of individual plant species was processed: Phalaris arundinacea 35 %, Carex acuta 28.6 %, Glyceria maxima 16.5 %, Acorus calamus 1.2 %, and Calamagrostis canescens 18.7 %. Rate of Pn and NEE had a similar seasonal course (R2=0,859 - 0,998), but Pn reached higher values than NEE measured by EC method.
|
|
|
Growth of the common reed (\kur{Phragmites australis}) in a selected constructed wetland used for wastewater treatment.
MOULISOVÁ, Lenka
The Bachelor{\crq}s thesis is a part of the Project of GACR 206/06/0058 Monitoring the heavy metals and the selected risk elements in a waste water cleaning process in artificial wetlands. This work is aimed at evaluating the growth characteristics of the common reed, Phragmites australis, in a constructed wetland used for wastewater treatment. A destructive method was used for sampling. The samples were taken in the inflow and the outflow parts of the vegetated bed in one vegetation season. The aboveground biomass was determined from six samples taken in the inflow and outflow part of the vegetated bed, respectively. The belowground biomass was determined from two samples taken in the inflow part and two samples taken in the outflow part. The mean total aboveground biomass (estimated in August 2007) was 1296 g.m-2 and 1105 g.m-2 in the inflow and outflow part, respectively. The mean live belowground biomass was 1729 g.m-2 and 2161 g.m-2 in the inflow and outflow part, respectively.
|
|
|
Approaches to estimate wetland evapotranspiration and the evapotranspiration loss of groundwater from wetlands in the Liběchovka and Pšovka catchments
Pátek, Karel ; Bruthans, Jiří (advisor) ; Slavík, Martin (referee)
This work is dedicated to the study of evapotranspiration in wetlands. The theoretical part is an overview of methods that are used for estimation of evapotranspiration, especially in the wetland environment. The practical part is focused on measurement of evapotranspiration in the wetlands located in the upper part of the Pšovka and Liběchovka river watersheds. Periodical fluctuations of water table and water flow in the stream were observed there due to evapotranspiration. The role of evapotranspiration was dependent on the mean daily temperature and sunshine duration. For the warm sunny days the fluctuations indicated that in the studied wetland the maximal daily evapotranspiration can cause 32 % decrease of water flow in the stream. The evapotranspiration derived from stream flow oscilation reached 86 % of potential evapotranspiration based on Oudin method. Potential evapotranspiration in the Liběchovka wetlands in summer is capable to decrease the discharge of Liběchovka in similar way as groundwater abstraction.
|
|
|
Decline of czech populations of the most threatened wetland birds: comparing evidence for drivers in the Czech and foreign literature
Ráslová, Pavlína ; Reif, Jiří (advisor) ; Kindlmann, Pavel (referee)
The theme of this Bachelor's Thesis is to find relevant sources about specific factors, which cause changes in the density of the 4 most threatened species of wetland birds living in the Czech Republic. Those are the species, whose density fell most within the last decades. Specifically, this work looks at lapwing (Vanellus vanellus), snipe (Gallinago gallinago), godwit (Limosa limosa) and curlew (Numenius arquata). The target of this thesis is to differenciate relevant sources against irrelevant ones, which are often present as vague information spread outside of relevant literature and lacking a scientific fundament. Accurate indentification of the reasons of decreasing densities of these species is a neccesary prerequisite for any effort for their preservation. That is why it was essential to draw specific factors, which are the source of decline of these species, mainly from studies based on research in other european countries. Keywords: Wetland, intensification of agriculture, breeding habitat, management, population decline, Vanellus vanellus, Gallinago gallinago, Limosa limosa, Numenius arquata
|
|
|
Studie návrhu hydrotechnických a biotechnických opatření na levém břehu řeky Svratky v k.ú. Ujčov, cca ř. km 93,8 - 94,1
Bureš, František
This diploma thesis Study of the proposal of hydraulic and biotechnical measures on the left bank of the river Svratka in the cadastral area Ujčov, of approx. km 93.8 to 94.1, builds on the previous bachelor thesis Study of selected land on the river Svratka in the village Ujčov. This work is a suggestion to adjust the area in terms of the appropriate use of land, which is owned by the author's family. The affected area lies at the weir on the river Svratka and is currently made up of a pool, which is a relic of the arm of Svratka. The pool is followed by a wetland and grassland with wood vegetation. The first part consists of a literature review and analysis of the issue areas, including its historical development. The practical part is focused on individual hydraulic engineering and biotechnical modifications in the area.
|
|
|
Problematika revitalizace Holáseckých jezer
Kourová, Michaela
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of water flows from the viewpoint of the return to state close to the nature and quality of water. The theoretical part poses literature research about general issue of revitalisation, water polution and quality of water. The rest of thesis devote to specific situation of natural memory Holásecká jezera. It includes a charakteristic of interest area, short description of a plan of revitalisation and results of a field exploration. A monitoring of quality of water is also a part of thesis. The results of monitoring are compared with the results of last monitoring in 2008.
|
|
|
Monitoring mokřadního biotopu u obce Podolí (býv. okr. Uherské Hradiště) tři roky po založení
Dostálová, Martina
The aim of the work theses was to evaluate the actual state of vegetation in the wetland biotope near the village of Podolí (former district Uherské Hradiště) three years after its establishment. Evaluation of vegetation and its entry into floristic inventories and classification according to the Biotope Catalog (Chytrý et al., 2010). Furthermore, the current status of sub-areas in the locality was evaluated according to 4 criteria for which a simple relative scale was created. The results showed that according to the Biotope Catalog (Chytrý et al., 2010) there are areas that can be classified into five different habitats. The prevailing habitat X 7 (herbaceous ruderal vegetation outside human settlement) where habitat types are not predominant. These are mostly ruderal and synanthropic species The evaluation criteria showed where, at the time of the mapping, there was a water surface or waterlogging, what was the nature of the vegetation, whether the management was suitable or not, and finally whether the individual areas perform the function for which they were built. There should be some changes to management measures and leave room for succession.
|
|
|
Projekt řešení navrhovaného interakčního prvku v EVL Valtrovický luh v k.ú. Valtrovice
Sochor, Lukáš
The aim of the thesis is to compare the design of large pools in the plan of joint facilities of the KoPÚ municipality of Valtrovice with the proposal of small pools (my proposal) and zero variation. Assessing their positive and negative aspects and evaluating the most optimal proposal. The territory is located in the Natura 2000 system, as EVL Valtrovický luh, so nature conservation interests is very important. Another objective was the creation of a project of the pool, which is enclosed in the form of project documentation. The most suitable solution of the three variants seems to be a variant of small pools, especially in terms of protection of nature and landscape, increasing biodiversity and preserving the original loose tree vegetation. The variation of the large pools was assessed as inappropriate especially from point of view the protection of nature, ecology and technical parameters of the design. Zero variant does not suit the territorial plan and the interests of the municipality that proposes to establish a wetland here.
|
|
|
Studie návrhu tůní v evropsky významné lokalitě "Dívka" - Žďár nad Sázavou
Jaitnerová, Kateřina
The thesis deals with the proposal pools in Sites of Community Importance Dívka in the district of Žďár nad Sázavou in the cadastral area Zámek Žďár. The aim of the proposal is to create the biotope as close to the natural biotop as possible, with regard to the endangered species of the locality Fire-bellied Toad (Bombina bombina). The subject of the proposal in the area of interest is the design of a excaved, non-pervading, low-depth pools designated for the reproduction of the endangered species and a study of the revitalization of the flow. The thesis also offers possibilities for sources of financing of the proposed measure.
|
|
|
Návrh mokřadního biotopu v katastrálnímú území Zbýšov
Gernešová, Lucie
The diploma thesis deals with the design of the wetland biotope in the cadastral area of Zbýšov (Vyškov district). The main aim of the proposal is to create a naturally close wetland biotope, which would allow for the occurrence of wetland plants and animals by its conditions and at the same time it would contribute to the increase of biodiversity in the given area and at the same time it would become a functional component in terms of water retention in the landscape. The subject of the proposed area of interest is the appropriate location of excavated flow and impassable pools with unstable water levels during the year and the selection of appropriate accompanying vegetation. The work also offers information on possible financial resources for the proposed measures.
|
guest ::
