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Population's Awareness in Issues Associated with Nuclear Waste Repository
HÁKOVÁ, Veronika
The diploma thesis was elaborated on the topic of public awareness on issues related to the nuclear waste repository. The issue of nuclear waste management is currently being updated and increasingly discussed. Especially in connection with the search for a new site for the construction of a deep repository of nuclear waste and spent nuclear fuel. The aim of the thesis was to determine the level of knowledge of the population in the field of nuclear waste, its management, knowledge of the current nuclear waste repositories and the intended deep repository of nuclear waste and spent nuclear fuel and, last but not least, of ionizing radiation. The other task was to compare the level of knowledge of the inhabitants living in one of the sites of the intended underground repository (the Čihadlo site) and the inhabitants living outside this site. The following hypotheses have been established: "The level of knowledge on issues related to the repository for nuclear waste and spent nuclear fuel will be statistically significantly higher for residents living in the Čihadlo site than for those living outside that site" and "Knowledge on issues related to the nuclear waste repository and of spent nuclear fuel will reach at least 70% in both groups." A questionnaire survey was conducted to achieve the objectives set and verify the hypotheses. The results were evaluated using descriptive and mathematical statistics. The questionnaire consisted of 20 questions and 100 respondents from each site. The hypothesis has been confirmed that the level of knowledge of the inhabitants living in the Čihadlo site is statistically significantly higher. Knowledge on issues related to the repository for nuclear waste and spent nuclear fuel reached at least 70% for all respondents only on some issues. In the diploma thesis, there was a picture of the level of knowledge of the inhabitants about nuclear waste, its handling and storage of nuclear waste. The results obtained could be used as one of the bases in the site selection process for building a deep repository.
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The Dukovany NPP spent nuclear fuel source term investigation for deep repository needs according to LTO options
Penzinger, Pavel ; ČEZ,, Ondřej Zlámal, (referee) ; Katovský, Karel (advisor)
The master's thesis deals with the analysis of source term of the spent nuclear fuel of the Dukovany Nuclear Power Plant in order to determine the proposals for the transfer of spent nuclear fuel to a deep geological repository in the Czech Republic. To introduce the reader into the issue are briefly described the main aspects, such as the development of the nuclear fuel used in the history of the Dukovany Nuclear Power Plant. These aspects have an influence on the final draft of the timetable. One of the important partial tasks is the processing of an estimate of the future range of spent nuclear fuel, which is based on the current ideas of company ČEZ, a.s. for the future direction of the fuel cycle at the Dukovany nuclear power plant. For the purposes of this work, the key data are the time dependencies of radioactivity and the development of residual heat in individual fuel assemblies. This data are calculated by the software called PAL440_R4, based on the prepared estimates of the spent nuclear fuel assortment. The calculated data are then edited and sorted by MS Excel. For the sake of completeness, the characteristic values and the time dependencies of the radioactivity and the development of residual heat in fuel assemblies. Final timetables for the transfer of spent nuclear fuel to a deep geological repository are processed in several variants, and their selection and application options are justified. For illustration are important parameters given in the form of tables and charts.
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Properties of cementitious matrix in the environment of radioactive waste respositories
Podojil, Adam ; Jelínek, Emil (advisor) ; Kozlovcev, Petr (referee)
Cementitious materials will serve as a construction and filler material for the construction of a deep repository of radioactive waste. Therefore, three different materials represented by four samples were studied in the present work. This is CEM II AS 42,5R cement commercially available in Čížkovice, cement CEM III B / 32,5 SV with ash and aggregate used as filler concrete for storage chambers from radioactive waste repository Richard and cement CEM I 42, 5 with fine and coarseraggregate used for fixed radioactive waste (RAW) in Velké Zbytky in the area of ÚJV Řež,as Chemical (silicate analysis) and phase composition (XRD powder diffraction analysis) were determined in the studied materials. Further, the orientation strength of the monolithic samples and their mutual comparison (compression strength measurement) were determined. Percolation leaching experiments were carried out, three columns with CEMII, RICHARD and ÚJV samples were run. The conditions of the experiments were chosen to approach the conditions in the rock environment of a possible deep radioactive waste repository. Synthetic granite water (SGW) was used as the leaching solution. In all column experiments, attempts to observe changesin the concentrations of selectedindicators (Na+ , K+ , OH- ,Ca2+ ,pH, Conductivity, SiO2, Mg2+ and...
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Study of interaction between engineering barriers of deep repository of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste
Podojil, Adam ; Jelínek, Emil (advisor) ; Kozlovcev, Petr (referee)
The thesis describes the different types of radioactive wastes (RAW), it present classification used in Czech Republic (classification of RAW isn't unified but vary according to the needs of the region for which is created. Trend of recent years in RAW disposal aimed at building a deep repositories in suitable geological formations. So it is in Czech Republic where it is planned to build repository in granitic rocks similar to the Swedish model KBS-3V/KBS-3H. This model is based on multi-barrier system which serves to maintain radionuclides outside the environment for at least 100,000 years. The system consist of engineered barriers (waste form, storage overpack, bentonite and cement) and natural barriers (rock environment in the vicinity of deep depository (near field, far field)). Study of interactions of various barriers is an important factor in the development of appropriate forms of final storage. The interactions at interface bentonite-corrosion products of container and cement- bentonite are important in terms of functionality barriers over time. In the long run, there are many changes in the properties of the individual interacting barriers. At the interface bentonite-steel shell of the container when progressing corrosion occurs to the formation of secondary minerals (magnetite, siderite,...
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The Model of Financial Compensation for placement of a Deep Geological Repository of Radioactive Waste in the Czech republic in period from 2010 to 2016
Englerová, Anna ; Zeman, Martin (advisor) ; Vebrová, Ludmila (referee)
Author examines a way of allocation of governmental financial resources to municipalities in locations preselected for deep geological repository. She is searching for a way how to add a motivational incentive to the process of allocation of financial resources in order to improve municipalities attitude towards deep geological repository. Hypothesis, examined in this thesis, contains two related questions. It is assumed that (1) amount and structure of financial resources can significantly affect municipalities decision making and also that (2) current mechanism of allocation of compensations is ineffective and does not create sufficient incentives. Currently (end of the year 2016), negotiations between government and municipalities are in crisis despite significant financial compensation from government nuclear account to the municipalities. This thesis have potential to change municipalities negative stance on deep geological repository through motivational model of resource allocation. Theoretical part reviews basic economic background and introduces historical, sociological, technological and economic views of radioactivity and deep geological repository. In practical part author analyzes socio-economic situation, compares evolution of transfers from government to municipalities with their attitude towards deep geological repository in time and shows that current system of resource allocation does not motivate the municipalities to change their stance on deep geological repository. That confirms second part of our hypothesis. Author also proposes a motivational model of resource alllocation. She confirms its viability by comparing it with similar models from other countries, by surveying mayors of concerned municipalities and also by examining experts opinion. Verification of the model confirmed its motivational effect. By that, first assumption of our hypothesis, that structure of resource allocation can significantly affect municipalities decision making, was confirmed.
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Transmutation of spent nuclear fuel
Šajdler, Miroslav ; Foral, Štěpán (referee) ; Katovský, Karel (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis deals with spent nuclear fuel – its composition, disposal, reprocessing and transmutation. In the beginning, you can find the classification of radioactive waste, and then I am explaining the policy of the Czech Republic towards disposal of nuclear waste. This is followed by the comparison of the policy in other countries. The thesis also contains various methods used to reprocess spent nuclear waste, composition of spent nuclear waste – based on its radioactivity and radiotoxicity and future technologies for nuclear reprocessing. In the end, I tried to describe a simple model simulating transmutation in light water and fast reactor.
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Heat transfer in the storage cask and its impact on the environment
Marcell, Jan ; Slovák, Jiří (referee) ; Matal, Oldřich (advisor)
The main object of this diploma thesis is solving problems concerning heat transfer in disposal cannister for spent nuclear fuel. In forepart possibilities of conceptual solving according of disposal cannister to particular states are reviwed. On the basis of this a variant of possible protect of a nuclear fuel repository in the Czech republic has been chosen for calculationof a simplified model. Second part is computational solving that was divided into two parts. The first deals with calculation of heat transfer in disposal canister and is done by an analytical method. In the second part is calculation is done by numerical model. In this way region in near surroundings of this model of disposal cannister is analysed. Last part those diploma thesis deals with design of the storage of spacing among disposal canisters as well as optimum placing in underground part of nuclear fuel repository.
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Logistics of radioactive waste
Knapová, Jitka ; Jirsák, Petr (advisor) ; Jiříček, Karel (referee)
The aim of diploma thesis is to analyse the overall technical base and to monitor logistic processes which are from the very beginning associated with radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel. The main emphasis is put on spent nuclear fuel from nuclear power plants. The current situation in this area is illustrated by an example of the Czech Republic and Sweden. The comparison of Czech and Swedish system leads to demonstration of strengths and weaknesses of the used methods.
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The system of the safe storing of radioactive waste
NEUMANNOVÁ, Kateřina
We can hardly imagine today{\crq}s modern word of 21st century without usage of nuclear energy and ionizing radiation. We meet them in nuclear energetics, industry, health service and other different fields. Similarly to other human activities even here waste rises {--} radioactive waste which can be dangerous for a man and for the whole environment. Therefore it is very important to deal with it according to existing rules. Radioctive waste rises even in the Czech Republic and that is why an enhanced attention is very necessary here. Therefore I would like to break into these problems as much as I can and I would like to describe these problems in my bachelor work so that everybody is informed about basic information how to deal with radioactive waste in an understandable form. I think that everybody in this country, regardless to their education, should have a basic overview about problems of radioactive waste. I would be very pleased if this bachelor work could help people interested in these problems and if my work is used as an educational material. If readers find new interesting information, my work will be even more useful.
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