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Electrospun fibers based on PVDF and nylon
Černohorský, Petr ; Sobola, Dinara (referee) ; Papež, Nikola (advisor)
Polymer nanofibers used for the construction of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) are new and promising technologies for energy recovery. Thanks to the generation of electrical energy based on mechanical movement (deformation), these fibers can find application in the field of self-powered electronic devices. In this work, three nanofibrous structures of materials were prepared by electrostatic spinning: pure polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), pure polyamide-6 (PA6) and their mixed combination PVDF / PA6. Non-destructive analyzes such as Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, XPS and electron microscopy were used to study the properties of nanofibers. Analyzes confirmed the positive effect of electrostatic spinning of polymers on the support of the formation of highly polar crystalline -phase in PVDF and , -phase in PA6. The structure arrangement of the nanofibrous material and their defects were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the contact angle of the wettability of the liquid on the surface was measured for the materials, and the permittivity was measured to monitor the dielectric properties. The described results make the mixed material PVDF / PA6 very promising for further research in the field of nanogenerators and functional textiles.
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Electrospinning of polyvinylidenfluoride based fibers
Hošek, František ; Šťastný, Přemysl (referee) ; Částková, Klára (advisor)
Electrospinning is one of the rapidly developing methods for obtaining fibers of very small thickness. There is a wide-scale use of nanofibers, and it has a great potential in many fields, such as in medicine, biology, chemistry, electronics, environmental protection, energy-harvesting, and other. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) appears to be a promising material for fiber production for its excellent mechanical and chemical properties. It is a chemically inert substance, very resistant to thermal stress. The aim of this bachelor thesis is the preparation of PVDF fibers by electrospinning and the study of the influence of three different surfactants on the spinnability of PVDF, on the arrangement and the shape of fibers which are formed during electrospinning. The effect of surfactant concentration (1 wt%; 0.5 wt%; 0.25 wt%) on the spinning process at electrical voltages of 25 kV and 50 kV was studied. The theoretical part describes the properties and the division of polymers and looks at polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a source material in more detail. Furthermore, the electrospinning method is described, including process conditions and external parameters influencing the process of obtaining fibers. The experimental part describes the preparation of samples by electrospinning and their characterization. Fiber thickness, its appearance, arrangement, and the occurrence of defects when using individual surfactants were evaluated. It was found that the used ionic surfactants affect the thickness of the fibers and their morphology. Homogeneous fibers with a predominant arrangement in one direction, without defects, were obtained.
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Heating Module for the Electrospinning Electrode
Lukesle, Václav ; Musil, Vladislav (referee) ; Pokorný,, Marek (advisor)
The thesis deals with the principal heating design of the electrospinning electrode. These electrodes are fed with high voltage (tens of kV), which is an essential part of the device for the nanofibres production. This thesis presents the research of possible solutions of the heating and also it analyzes some principles of the nanofibre production. Furthermore, the work presents electrical schematics and PCB of the heating module. The aim of this work is to propose such a solution of heating that makes spinning from melt realizable in the device for 4SPIN ® nanofibres production.
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Hyaluronan nanofibers
Linhartová, Beáta ; Velebný, Vladimír (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
This bachelor´s thesis deals with the most common methods of producing nanofibres, it presents an overview of these techniques and briefly desribes common models. It shows their advantages and disadvantages and tries to follow the develompent of nanofibres. This theoretical part is followed by an experimental one which describes concrete example of producing nanofibres.
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Preparation and characterization of enzyme-containing wound dressings
Jurová, Bronislava ; Szotkowski, Martin (referee) ; Skoumalová, Petra (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on the study and characterization of nanofiber wound dressings from natural biopolymers. Proteolytic enzymes, specifically collagenase and bromelain, were incorporated into these nanofiber covers. The theoretical part deals with a brief description of skin wounds, their healing and skin covers. There are also methods for preparing these covers and the methods used to characterize them. The practical part deals with the optimization of the preparation of nanofiber coatings based on polyhydroxybutyrate, gelatin, alginate and chitosan. These nanofibers were then enriched with active substances and their gradual release into the model environment was monitored. Finally, their proteolytic activity was determined for these substances.
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Determination of additives in multicomponent electrospinning systems
Gajdová, Barbora ; Petr, Knotek (referee) ; Knotková,, Kateřina (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with methods of producing nanofibres from mixture of different polymers. Different methods of preparation and production nanofibres by 4SPIN® are described in theoretical part. Experimental part deals with incorporation of additives into fibred layer. There were four different dyes used in this thesis: brilliant green, erythrosine, riboflavin and eriochrom black. UV – VIS spectrophotometry was used to measure volume of additives in nanofiber layer.
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Nanofibrous Separators for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Pléha, David ; Míka, Martin (referee) ; Janderka,, Pavel (referee) ; Novák, Vítězslav (advisor)
Nanofibrous separators use in lithium-ion batteries brings many advantages. In contrast to contemporary used commercial separators, nanofibrous ones exhibit higher temperature resistance,ionic conductivity and higher electrolyte uptake. Better ionic conductivity is ensured by porous structure and large specific surface. Fibers creates channels for the ionic species motion. Amorphous texture of nanofibers allows quick lithium ionic species motion within the polymeric matrix of separator. Furthermore, these separators exhibit higher volume of uptaken electrolyte. Further advantage of electrospinned nanofibrous separators are both high porosity and chemical stability.
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Preparation of organic fibers with the addition of algae extracts
Tuhrinská, Terézia ; Skoumalová, Petra (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
The presented bachelor thesis is focused on the preparation and characterization of organic fibers with an admixture of pre-prepared extracts of microalgae and cyanobacteria containing valuable active compounds. The theoretical part describes selected metabolites of microalgae and cyanobacteria, methods of their analysis, the issue of encapsulation and incorporation of active substances into nanofibers and presents some methods of their preparation. In the experimental part of this thesis, selected strains from the CCALA collection were first cultured. Subsequently, aqueous, ethanol and hexane extracts of biomass from cultured and commercial microalgae and cyanobacteria were prepared. The prepared extracts were spectrophotometrically evaluated in terms of the concentration of chlorophylls, carotenoids, antioxidants, polyphenols, and total proteins present. In addition, 96 % ethanol extracts were subjected to more accurate analysis of chlorophylls and carotenoids by HPLC. The highest antioxidant activity was observed for aqueous extracts. Gelatin nanofibers containing selected extracts were formed by electrospinning method. The formed fibers were examined afterwards to identify a mass fraction of incorporated microalgal and cyanobacterial substances. The fibers were further tested for antioxidant activity with the TEAC assay. The most pronounced antioxidant effect was detected for the fiber with incorporated aqueous extract of the cyanobacterium Arthrospira maxima. Finally, the fibers were tested for their safety in contact with human cells. The amount of fibers used did not show any cytotoxic effect on human keratinocytes and the tested materials can thus be considered safe for application in cosmetics.
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Electrical characterization of flexible nanofiber piezoelectric materials
Pokorná, Romana ; Holcman, Vladimír (referee) ; Tofel, Pavel (advisor)
This bacherol thesis is focused on piezoelectric nanofibrous materials. The first part describes the formation, use and possible aplications of nanofibers. It further analyze the principle of piezoelectric effect. It is a conversion of mechanical energy into electric energy and conversely. The second part is focused on design of experimental workplace for measurement of functional material properties. The last section of the thesis is dedicated to the electrical characterization of PVDF nanofibers and to the measurement of the piezoelectric charge constant.
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Electrospinning of bioglass and glass-ceramic fibers
Kozáková, Zdenka ; Šťastná, Eva (referee) ; Částková, Klára (advisor)
Bachelor thesis is focused on the preparation of fibers based on bioglass and glass ceramics. The theoretical part of the work summarizes the division and description of biomaterials and their use in biomedical applications. The main part of the work deals with the preparation of bioglass with a focus on the preparation by electrospinning. Experimental part is focused on the preparation of fibers based on bioglass by electrospinning. Different types of bioglass precursors were studied and their spinnability, morphology and bioactivity of the prepared fibers were assessed. The fibers were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and interactions in simulated body fluid. Fibers prepared from bioglass 45S5 and polyvinylalcohol precursor were evaluated as promising for biomedical applications.
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