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New diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of inflammatiory cardiomyopathy
Kuchynka, Petr ; Šimek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Krejčí, Jan (referee) ; Gregor, Pavel (referee)
Introduction: Inflammatory cardiomyopathy (DCMi) represents a non-familial form of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is crucial for its diagnosis. Aims: To assess the prevalence of DCMi in patients with DCM of unclear origin, to evaluate the significance of serological tests for antibodies against infectious cardiotrophic agents and to analyze the effect of specific therapy guided by EMB results. Methods: EMB was performed in 56 subjects (mean age 52 ± 10 years) with DCM of unclear etiology and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) < 40% with a history of heart failure less than 1 year. EMB samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electron microscopy. Results: Immunohistochemical examination revealed myocardial inflammation in 26 patients (46%), the PCR method detected genome of microbial agents in 32 patients (57%). Electron microscopy showed the presence of particles of microbial agents in 41 patients (73%). Serological blood tests found no IgM antibody positivity against any of the investigated microbial agents. Targeted antibiotic therapy in patients with evidence of Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) genome in the EMB led to a reduction in LV size, improvement of LV EF and alleviate symptoms of heart failure. Conclusion: DCMi...
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Possible effect of patogens on fttness of selected duck species
Langrová, Anna ; Votýpka, Jan (referee) ; Musil, Petr (advisor)
In total, 76 birds, mainly breeding females, were captured in years 2007-2009. Birds were inspected for the presence of avian influenza (AI) viruses and the AI antibodies. They were inspected as well for the presence of bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi s. l. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum and protozoan Leucocytozoon simondi in blood. The feces were examined for the oocysts and eggs of intestinal parasites. AI viruses were found in 4 cases, while over 80% of inspected birds had AI antibodies. Bacteria B. burgdorferi s. l. and A. phagocytophilum were found in 2 and 1 case respectively. Protozoan L. simondi was not found in any blood smear. The oocysts from protozoan genera Eimeria and Tyzzeria and eggs from roundworm genera Capillaria, Amidostomum and Echinuria were observed in feces. Statistical analyses were due to the small size of our data set inconclusive.
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Vliv klíštěcích slin na fagocytózu borelií dendritickými buňkami
MARŠÁLKOVÁ, Eliška
In this study we examined the effect of the tick saliva from I. ricinus and the effect of recombinant protein IRS-2 from the saliva of I. ricinus on dendritic cells derived from the mice bone marrow. We studied their effect on the production of cytokines by dendritic cells after the stimulation by B. burgdorferi, their effect on the expression of genes, that participate in phagocytosis, and the impact of the tick saliva on phagocytosis of B. burgdorferi by dendritic cells.
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Serological evidence of Lyme borreliosis
NOVÁKOVÁ, Iveta
This bachelor thesis deals with Lyme borreliosis (Lyme disease). Lyme disease has a worldwide distribution. It is caused by several species of the Borrelia bacteria that vary according to geographic occurrence. In our country, this disease is transmitted, above all, by hard ticks of the genus Ixodes ricinus (Other genera are prevalent in other parts of the world.). These ticks are present in a wet environment, e.g. in the woods or in high grass. This poses a higher risk for people who stay or work in similar sites; i.e. lumberjacks, but also for children who spend their free time in the great outdoors. According to symptoms Lyme disease can be divided into three stages: stage 1 is called early localized Lyme borreliosis, stage 2 is called early disseminated Lyme disease, and stage 3 is called late disseminated, or persistent Lyme disease. The most frequently reported typical early sign is a rash called erythema migrans (EM). EM is an oval reddish skin eruption created at the site of the tick bite; this skin condition may gradually disappear. Other symptoms are: borrelial lymphocytoma, conjunctivitis, neuroborreliosis, Lyme carditis, etc. Therefore, generally recommended preventive measures should be used before each trip to an area infested with ticks in order to avoid contact with the ticks. Lyme disease is treated with antibiotics that are administered to a patient upon confirmation of the disease. As a rule the following antibiotics are prescribed: cephalosporin, macrolide, tetracycline or penicillin, depending on at what stage of the disease medication is prescribed and whether the patient shows typical Lyme disease symptoms. Laboratory diagnostics of Lyme disease relies on direct and indirect methods. The direct methods include: cultivation of Borrelia, hybridization, immunoelectron microscopy, and the PCR method (polymerase chain reaction) applied to prove the presence of borrelial DNA. Of all the methods, PCR is most often the method of choice. The indirect diagnostic methods are: indirect immunofluorescence, Western blot (WB) and ELISA tests (enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay). These methods are used mainly to establish specific antibodies of the class IgM and IgG. The aim of this thesis was to analyze patients' samples for the presence of Lyme disease by means of the ELISA test and the Western blot, to test these methods, and to evaluate their results. The individual samples of serums, liquors and punctuates to be analyzed were provided by the Teaching Hospital in Pilsen, specifically by the Department of Serology and Parasitology. The samples must be diluted before examination. The method ELISA involved the use of a device manufactured by Dynex, DSX (an automated ELISA system). This device determines IgM and IgG antibodies in samples and facilitates analysis of up to 96 patient samples during a single measurement. The author of this thesis used this opportunity to try the manual determination of the ELISA test whose use is rather infrequent, especially in situations where a large number of samples need analyzing. The further examination of the IgM and IgG antibodies was accomplished with a Western blot, specifically by means of a commercial set for manual determination. The author applied the ELISA test to a total of 90 samples in the IgM class. 4 samples were borderline and 4 were positive. The same method was used to analyze the same 90 samples in the IgG class where 4 samples were positive. The Western blot method was used to examine 98 samples. The IgM class was borderline in 5 samples and positive in 18 samples. The IgG class was borderline in 5 samples and positive in 30 samples. Following laboratory examination the results of serological tests and clinical symptoms must be considered by a physician who suggests a suitable method to prove Lyme disease and exclude others.
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Vector-pathogen-host interaction on the example of spirochetes Lyme boreliosis disease (and tick-borne encephalistis virus)
VAVRUŠKOVÁ, Zuzana
This study was focused on vector-pathogen-host interaction. Questing ticks from field were tested for presence of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. and host DNA. Small rodents were trapped, ticks were collected from them, infestation patterns were estimated regarding the species and stage of ticks and species, sex and body weight of the host. Ticks aquired from hosts were tested for presence of Borrellia burgdorferi s.l. and tick-borne encephalitis virus. Both results from identification of hosts and from detection of pathogens were compared to be able to investigate interactions between host, vector and pathogen.
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