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Výskyt podkorních a dřevokazných druhů hmyzu na javorech (Acer spp.)
Janík, Daniel
This bachelor thesis deals with maple (A. pseudoplatanus, A. campestre a A. platanoides) tree wood attacking pests. The work addresses potential pests of the Acer genus in the form of an extensive scientific literature and other sources review. The findings are that there are not many threatening xylophagous species with calamity potential currently present in the Czech Republic. An experiment with wooden insect traps was introduced in 2019 to confirm this hypothesis in the future and to possibly extend the spectrum of maple-attacking species. The results from the bachelor thesis experiment will be published in own diploma thesis, which will be focused on wood damage itself, pest spreading and their detailed biology.
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Transformation of potato with protease inhibitor gene SPI-2
Říhová, Barbora ; Fischer, Lukáš (advisor) ; Vítámvás, Pavel (referee)
The subject of my thesis was to genetically modify a potato for increased resistance against its pathogens and pests. In developing a resistant plant, it is quite common to use the same type of molecules that plants use themselves in their defense reactions. In this work I used the gene SPI-2 originating from a honeycomb moth (Galleria mellonella). The protein SPI-2 is a member of serine protease inhibitors. Since the previous attempts of the team to detect the protein in transformed plants haven't been successful, the basic form of the gene was modified by adding a Kozak sequence near the start codon, which should have increased the translation initiation and hence increase the level of the protein. Two constructs were prepared for the transformation: SPI-2-T a SPI-2-Y. They differ by one amino acid, which slightly changes their inhibitory activity. First, the construct SPI-2-T was used for a transient transformation of tobacco Nicotiana benthamiana by agroinfiltration of its leaves. Then both constructs were used for a stable transformation of Solanum tuberosum cv. Desireé. The detection of the protein has not been successful, although the inserted gene was transcribed and his sequence was verified by sequencing. It is therefore most likely that the protein has a low stability in the cytoplasm....
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Influence of white and yellow flower rape on incidence of natural enemies of pests
Křížek, Stanislav ; Kazda, Jan (advisor) ; Daniel, Daniel (referee)
The insect society living in oilseed rape is large. Change of the crop characteristics affects both harmful species and beneficious ones. The latter group consists of a lot of members of order Hymenoptera. This work focuses on the evaluation of impact of white oilseed rape cultivation on the insect society in comparison with two yellow winter varieties. Newly bred winter oilseed rape line variety Witt was compared to two hybrid varieties of yellow rape; Sherpa and DK Sensei. The experiment was carried out in 2015 and its plots were placed at Ruzyně at Crop Reserach Institute (VÚRV, v. v. i.) and also at the Experimental Unit of Czech University of Life Sciences (ČZU) in Uhříněves. The insects were collected by sweeping net, soil larvae traps and soil emergence traps. The occurrence of serious pests (pollen beetle Brassicogethes aeneus, brassica pod midge Dasineura brassicae, cabbage seed weevil Ceutorhynchus obstrictus, stem flea beetle Psylliodes chrysocephalus and cabbage flea beetles Phyllotreta sp.) was recorded. Dominant parasitoid species were Tersilochus heterocerus, Platygaster subuliformis, Trichomalus perfectus, Mesopolobus morys and Omphale clypealis. The level of pest mortality was evaluated. Numbers of species identified by key were processed using generalized linear model method in R statistical software. The results confirm suitability of the assessed varieties in the white oilseed rape cultivation system, notably in the combination of Sherpa and Witt. They give an insight into parasitoid community of oilseed rape in Czech republic, which is useful for management of serious pest species.
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Risk analysis of pest infestation of wooden structures
Brada, Stanislav ; Hunková,, Veronika (referee) ; Šebesta, Petr (advisor)
The thesis deals with risks of defect occurrences in a wood construction. Wood constructions and their parts are exposed to a number of negative factors influencing their lifetime. The aim of the thesis is to give an outline of risks of defect occurrences in a wood construction attacked by pests and propose measures for their elimination.. These steps are closely described in the individual parts and processes. Part of the thesis is the FMEA analysis, resulting in appropriate chemical protection, a factor considered before incorporation into the construction. The analysis and its outcomes are important for improvement of the wood construction lifetime.
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Obligations arising from torts
Chyba, Petr ; Hásová, Jiřina (advisor) ; Švarc, Zbyněk (referee)
The bachelor thesis is about obligations arising from torts according to the contemporary legislation in the Civil Code. This thesis deals with tortious liability in civil law and the aim of the thesis is to analyse this legal institute. The bachelor thesis serves coherent summary of particular aspects of tortious liability. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter deals with general liability from the view of the theory of law, theoretical conception of liability in civil law and prevention of damage in civil law. The second chapter is dedicated to formation of duty to provide compensation for damage, especially to particular elements of tortious liability and then to defences. The third chapter is focused on general liability in tort, entities with duty to provide compensation for damage, manner and extent of compensation for harm to assets and non-pecuniary harm. The fourth chapter describes cases of special tortious liability. The fifth chapter is dedicated to compensation for harm to the natural rights of an individual, especially to compensation for bodily harm and death.
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Rozdíly v účinnosti a fytotoxicitě vybraných insekticidů pro ošetření orchidejí
Burianová, Ilona
The Bachelor thesis "The differences in the efficiency and the phytotoxicity of selected insecticides for treating orchids" deals with the orchid pests and various kind of protecting measures against them. Efficiency of the individual preparation and plant reactions to treatment are verify too. Pests cause important deterioration of quality. Knowledge of pests and pathogens biology, their harmfulness economic importance is prerequisite for effective protection against them.
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Patogeny bezu černého (Sambucus nigra L.), jejich význam a možnosti ochrany
Kolašínová, Jarmila
Planting of elderberry in Czech Republic, unlike abroad, do not reflect its importance. It correspond with lack of literary resources. The thesis is focused on monitoring of pathogens of genus Sambucus. The list and description of diseases and pests originators is presented. In years 2012 and 2013 in locality Botanical gardens and arboretum Mendel University in Brno and in Veleboř was monitored elderberry diseases and pests occurrence. On both localities was registered only light occurence of fungus Cercospora depazeoides (Desm.) Sacc. (1878) and aphid Aphis (Aphis) sambuci and on locality Veleboř the thrips, probably Thrips sambuci. During monitoring period dry weather dominated and for these reason the infection was rather slight, protective measures was not done.
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Position of hemp (\kur{Cannabis sativa}) in plant protection
HRDLIČKOVÁ, Helena
Cannabis sativa is a useful fibre, oil and energy plant that could be replace lot of synthetic row materials, whose production pollutes the environment. The aim of this work was to summarize the information about the occurrence of pets, diseases and weeds in the hemp stand and the possibilities of protection against them, together with information about the competitive and allelopathic characteristics of hemp and possibilities of hemp utilization in the plant protection. Though the spectrum of disease and pests is wide, until now the economics losses caused by harmful organisms are very low. Mycocentrospora cantuariensis is a potentially dangerous disease, until now this species was obserwedy on hop. Phytophtora cactorum and Septoria neocanabina belong to the new occured species. From the pests fleahopper (Psylliodes attenuata), cannabis louse (Phorodon cannabis) and european corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) could be the cause of the important yield losses. The hemp stand is able to suppress the weed growth due to quick development. The self-protection of hemp consists the secretion of canabinoids and volatile terpenoids, that protect not only the hemp plants but partially also neighbouring plants. These compounds and also mixed cultivation of hemp with other plants could be a new advanced tool in the plant protection.
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