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Impact of alcohol on health
Kohoutová, Iva ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kraus, Jaroslav (referee)
Impact of alcohol on health Abstract According to World Health Organisation about 3 % of all deaths in the world are alcohol- -related. The Czech Republic has continuously high per capita alcohol consumption which is conected not only to health risks possibly leading to disability, permanent disability or to premature death. But also has social and economic impacts. Problematic drinking can decrease work performance which can lead to unemployment, it also increases risk of criminality and causes serious problems in family life. First part of this work briefly describes history and development of perception of alcoholism and its possible consequences. It also contains an analysis of alcohol consumption in the Czech republic and its sociodemographic determinants. The second part focuses on effects of alcohol on health and quantification of its impact on mortality and morbidity. Key words: alcohol, mortality, morbidity, alcoholism, injury, pregnancy
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The development of death rates due to selected neoplasms in the European union between the years 1996-2010
Chaloupka, Ondřej ; Burcin, Boris (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
In all of the developed countries, malignant neoplasms are, along with cardiovascular diseases, among the most frequent causes of death. This tendency persists in the European Union countries for many years. The goal of this diploma thesis is to analyze the development of mortality caused by selected malignant neoplasms in the European Union countries from the year 1996 until 2010. The analysis is divided into 4 sections. Aside from standard demographic methods of evaluating the mortality rates by means of age-adjusted death rates calculation, statistical methods are used in this thesis as well. Primary methods used are Joinpoint regression, analysis of the course of specific death rates according to age groups and cluster analysis. In the observed period of time, mortality caused by stomach, cervical, and within the male population also respiratory tract malignant neoplasms declines. On the contrary, within the female population, the death rate caused by respiratory tract malignant neoplasms increases. Malignant skin melanoma represent a great future danger concerning the male population, and malignant pancreatic neoplasms concerning both genders. Over the observed time period, malignant skin melanoma death rate almost doubled in some of the countries. Within the European Union, the variations...
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Determinants of Regional Differentiation of Mortality in the Czech Republic
Pachlová, Tereza ; Burcin, Boris (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
Determinants of Regional Differentiation of Mortality in the Czech Republic Abstract There are considerable differences in socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors influencing mortality on the individual and also on the aggregate levels. These differences were observed and explained in many countries of the world. The objective of this thesis is to find and evaluate the most significant external factors which influence actual regional differentiation of mortality in districts of the Czech Republic. The objective was achieved by means of the demographic and statistical analysis methods. First, there was a comparison of mortality rates calculated for each of the socioeconomic clusters. It was found out that higher mortality rates appeared among men and women living in the districts with unfavourable external conditions. Using the Poisson log-linear model, the most important factors influencing differences in mortality rates in districts of the Czech Republic were identified. These factors are: share of the unemployed, share of the divorced, share of university-educated people and the number of physicans in hospitals per 1000 inhabitants. Share of the unemployed seems to be the most significant factor. There is a correlation between this factor and the total mortality rate as well as the leading causes of...
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Seasonal profile of nuptiality, natality and mortality in the Czech republic and international comparison
Jiroušová, Martina ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Bartoňová, Dagmar (referee)
Seasonal profile of nuptiality, natality and mortality in the Czech republic and international comparison Abstract The aim of this thesis is to capture changes in seasonality of nuptiality, natality and mortality in the Czech Republic and the factors that influence the seasonality. Despite the fact that these changes have been monitored since the 16th (nuptiality) and the 17th century (natality and mortality), the thesis focuses on the period from 1950s to 2012. Czech Republic is then compared with six other countries, with shorter reference period (2005-2012). Seasonal profile is represented by seasonal indexes and their variability is analyzed using the coefficient of variation. Seasonality of marriages was, especially in the 1950s, characterized by the accumulation of marriages in the last months of the year and in April, with later shift to the summer. The minimum was at the beginning of the period in the first quarter of the year and in May and later joined them low values in November and December. Due to superstitions about unhappy marriages, May was a month with a very low seasonal index throughout the period. The highest values of seasonal indexes of live births used to occur in the first half of the year and then shifted, as in the case of weddings, to the summer months. The minimum values did not...
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Spatial patterns of links between temperature extremes and cardiovascular mortality in the Czech Republic
Urban, Aleš ; Kyselý, Jan (advisor) ; Huth, Radan (referee) ; Dobrovolný, Petr (referee)
Name of the thesis: Spatial patterns of links between temperature extremes and cardiovascular mortality in the Czech Republic Author: Mgr. Aleš Urban Previous studies have examined relationships of high and low air temperatures to mortality due to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in the Czech Republic as a whole. Much less has been understood about possible regional differences in the heat and cold effects on mortality. Within four papers published in international peer-reviewed journals, the author of this thesis investigated links between extreme temperatures and CVD mortality in the Czech Republic while considering in particular differences between (i) urban and rural areas, (ii) regions with different socioeconomic status, and (iii) regions with different physical-environmental conditions. Various biometeorological approaches were compared in order to identify meteorological characteristics affecting heat- and cold-related mortality. Excess mortality was determined as differences between observed and expected daily values, the latter being adjusted for long-term changes, annual and weekly cycles, and epidemics of influenza/acute respiratory infections. Air temperature, biometeorological indices (including the Universal Thermal Climate Index, Apparent Temperature, and Physiologically Equivalent...
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Development of mortality on diabetes mellitus in developed countries, focusing on the Czech Republic
Koňařík, Martin ; Burcin, Boris (advisor) ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (referee)
Development of mortality on diabetes mellitus in developed countries, focusing on the Czech Republic Abstract This thesis addresses the development of diabetes mellitus mortality in selected developed countries between 1950 and 2008 and compares this development with the situation in Czechoslovakia, the Czech Republic respectively. This development is analyzed by sex, age and type of diabetes. Furthermore it also deals with diabetes morbidity and the share of diabetes mortality from the total mortality. The main approach used in this thesis is analysis of standardized mortality rates and this analysis was done both for whole long-term time series and time series within each International Classification of Diseases for individual countries. Based on the results, it was found that the development of diabetes mellitus mortality was similar across selected countries. It could be divided into several phases. Differentiation between mortality rates of males and females that occurred during reference period was so significant that mortality rates of females which were always higher had dropped below the rates of males. This effect is called in this thesis as a transition from higher female mortality to higher male mortality and it occurred in different countries at different times and also had variable-length...
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Analysis of mortality from breast cancer in selected European countries
Rathouská, Michaela ; Burcin, Boris (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
Analysis of mortality from breast cancer in selected European countries Malignant neoplasms are in most European countries the second most common cause of death. The aim of this work is to describe the evolution of mortality of women which is caused by breast cancer. It describes this evolution in the years of 1980-2007 in the Czech Republic, Great Britain and Sweden. Development of mortality is set into the broader connections with a mortality rate of more frequent causes of death and certain other neoplasms in women. Work analyzes mortality by age, the incidence, and it also shows screening programs and international comparisons. Part of this work also deals with risk factors, prevention and treatment options. In all analyzed countries in analyzed period there have been decline of mortality from neoplasm, while the incidence increased. There was a shift of mortality to higher age , particularly in relation to improving health care and its increasing availability. The incidence was observed moving from the oldest to the younger age group, especially in due to introduction of the national mammography screening.
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