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Anemia of critical illness
Mudrochová, Šárka ; Těšínský, Pavel (advisor)
Anaemia critical condition represents a special morbid entity, and is very frequent phenomenon in intensive care units, occurs in a large number of patients and the worse the prognosis. It is defined as anemia resulting in severely acutely ill patients can not be explained by one specific cause and is mainly characterized by inadequate response to endogenous erythropoietin hypoxia and the low levels of hemoglobin. To her, a range of factors and occurs already in the first days of hospitalization. Thanks to its clinical consequences deserves serious attention. Even though it was made by a wide variety of studies, is not yet optimal therapy or prevention are known in detail. The studies often give conflicting results in this area is not easy to navigate. In my work I would like to summarize knowledge about this phenomenon mainly collected from foreign literature and for comparison here I present the results of a study carried out by doc. MD Těšínský et al. the Jimpo II. Department of Internal Medicine FNKV, which focuses on the question blood donations and their impact on the development of anemia of critical conditions. The theme I chosen not only because of his intense interest in internal medicine, but especially because that is very current.
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Dance and its Use in Work With Mentally Disabled
Lenková, Petra ; Fričová, Marie (advisor) ; Bartlová, Helena (referee)
Název: Tanec a jeho využití při práci s mentálně postiženými Dance and its use in work with mentally disabled Cíl práce: Hlavním cílem diplomové práce je vysvětlit pojem a význam taneční a pohybové terapie, ukázat důležitost tance v životě lidí postižených trisomií 21. chromozomu, a vytvořit vhodnou cvičební jednotku pro skupinu lidí s Downovým syndromem. Metoda: Potřebné informace jsem získala zejména pozorováním frekventantů s Downovým syndromem docházejících do hodin baletu do občanského sdružení Studio OÁZA, účastí na seminářích taneční a pohybové terapie, studiem literatury a dalších odborných zdrojů. Práce je empiricko-teoretická s využitím experimentu. V práci jsem používala metodu pozorování. Zkoumaný soubor zahrnuje klienty ve věku 25-42 let. Výsledky: Sběr dat byl proveden od března 2005 do června 2006. Poznatky o příznivém vlivu tance na vybranou skupinu lidí s Downovým syndromem a výsledky pozorování budou sloužit k větší informovanosti o taneční a pohybové terapii v České republice. Klíčová slova: Downův syndrom, trisomie 21. chromozomu, pohyb, tanec, terapie
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Gynaecological Problems which Occur in Little and Teenage Girls
Umlaufová, Ilona ; Mellanová, Alena (advisor) ; Marková, Eva (referee)
In this master thesis we have been concerned with gynaecological problems which occur with little and teenage girls. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and an empirical part. In the theoretical part we have tried to highlight the differences which concern with a child's organism. It is necessary to be aware of the fact that a child's patient is not an adult one. There are also described most often gynecological illnesses of the child's age and basic investigation methods used in child's gynaecology. The closing of the theoretical part is devoted to psychosocial aspects in particular age-periods and family education at basic schools and secondary grammar schools. The empirical part is focused on the research. It was carried out at basic schools and a secondary grammar school. Our aim was to obtain information in what way girls are informed in the sphere of sexual education. The result is that the prevalent majority of girls at the age of 13-15 have good background knowledge in sexual education.
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Utilisation of Nordic walking in physiotherapy
VOLMANOVÁ, Martina
Nordic walking is modern exercise activity using special poles when walking. It is quadrupedal locomotion, when all limbs are in steady manner and so the stress and tension of muscles are equally distributed, which is beneficial to human posture. The use of any exercise activity in current modern and accelerated world is very beneficial and positive. Nordic walking is one of the exercise activities suitable to increase body control, for maintenance and enhancement of physical fitness. Nordic walking can be also used as one of the physiotherapeutic activities helping in motor system treatment. The theoretical section of the thesis briefly describes historical origin of Nordic waking. Further we can find the definition of basic equipment which is an integral part of this sport. Technique of the sport is described in every detail. The most frequent faults made against the technique of Nordic walking that people should avoid, are also outlined in the theoretical section of the thesis. There is suggested appropriate intensity of walking for each age group, suitable terrain, and also weather conditions. Major part of the theoretical section contains information about main effects of Nordic walking on single systems and about benefits resulting out of it. The aim of the Bachelor thesis is to outline problems and appropriate technique of Nordic walking and to suggest using this sport in physiotherapy. To reach the aims, there was used qualitative research, using 3 individuals 2 men and 1 woman. All 3 individuals suffered from chronic pain of various parts of the spine. There was taken history during first meeting and done kinesiological analysis. After that they were instructed in detail to master correct technique of Nordic walking. Participants were walking with poles twice or three times a week for 8 - 9 weeks. They were recording the distance and average speed into the tables they received during entry examination. There was also done kinesiological analysis again during the final examination. Participants also underwent unstructured interview to provide feelings and observations of whole investigation. These results were subsequently recorded into simple charts and tables that made easier data interpretation of the investigation. Findings based on participants? subjective assessment of back pain showed that the most remarkable changes concerned back pain that participants suffered from. All participants considered the investigation as positive and very relieving of the pain. Kinesiologic analysis showed apparent changes of the range of joints, namely in shoulder and hip joints. Participants themselves confirmed feeling better shape of the muscles and in general better physical fitness. Participants also noticed better body control; various asymmetries became symmetric what caused bilateral balancing of the tonus in various muscle segments. The discussion section of the thesis contains comparison of the results from this thesis and findings of Bronislav Kracmar?s two studies. He concluded that Nordic walking is not such beneficial exercise but also has a disadvantage. He found, using EMG, that when Nordic walking, there is present decreased activity of gluteus medius muscle which decreases demands for lateral stabilization of the pelvis unlike common bipedal walking. His investigation brought also positive result which is increased activity of latissimus dorsi muscle and deltoideus muscle which helps to stabilize shoulder joint. Thanks to the support of upper limb, diagonal muscle chains can interconnect as far as to opposite lower limb and so movement of high quality can be developed. Regarding this investigation, Kracmar recommends Nordic walking as proper physical activity relieving back pain. Nordic walking can be used in physiotherapy as an exercise activity to prevent motor system disorders as well as internal disorders. It can be also used as supplemental therapy during special cure of these disorders.
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Moisture and its transport in shallow subsurface of quartz sandstone
Svobodová, Eliška ; Bruthans, Jiří (advisor) ; Schweigstillová, Jana (referee)
The thesis deals with moisture transport in porous medium of quartz sandstone. Capillary water and its movement is crucial for processes such as salt and frost weathering, growth of organisms and development of honeycombs and tafone. However, moisture transport is still not well described. I focused particularly on two new methods applied to sandstone investigation. In the laboratory I studied moisture transport in sandstone samples by means of repeated injection of uranine solution. I observed the evolution of evaporation front based on the changes in solution concentration indicated by difference in color of uranine solution. Additionally I investigated moisture content in the shallow subsurface of sandstone outcrops in the field using suction pressure and moisture content measurements by microtensiometers and TDR in three locations in the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin. Uranine proved to be an excellent tracer for visualization of the evaporation front geometry and its evolution in time. The results suggest that moisture transport is considerably affected by the presence of biofilms which are hydrophobic and retain moisture transport to surface. In addition, the values of suction pressure measured in honeycombs and a tafone are in agreement with the salt weathering model proposed by Huinink et al. (2004).
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Gender Stereotypes in Contemporary British Historical Period Drama Series. Comparative Analysis of Downton Abbey and Mr Selfridge.
Hrnčířová, Denisa ; Matějka, Ondřej (advisor) ; Tomalová, Eliška (referee)
The diploma thesis named Gender Stereotypes in Contemporary British Period Drama. The Comparative Analysis of Downton Abbey and Mr Selfridge compares the marks of gender stereotypes and conservative principles in British period drama series. The analysis of their clash with progress in society and technology during the first two decades of the 20th century is performed on the method of qualitative content analysis of two examples of popular contemporary British costume drama Downton Abbey and Mr Selfridge. The theoretical framework of the thesis is based on the concept regarding history in film. The main category of research is the work with female characters and their social roles in Edwardian Britain which is characterized by unprecedented social change. The objective of the thesis is to analyze the way a female character reflects stereotypes and conservative principles that are usually believed to be characteristic features of period drama series. Additional objective is to examine how the 21st century society is mirrored in manipulation with stereotypes and social values in the series. The content analysis is based on the three criteria most interconnected wih position and social change of women of that era. These refer to property and proprietorship, sexuality, and emancipation of women in...
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Analysis of activity of specific groups of fire rescue by extraordinary events a crisis situations.
BLAHOVIČOVÁ, Eliška
This bachelor work deals with analysis of activities, technical equipment, placement and activation of special groups of FRS CR in case of extraordinary event in the Czech Republic. There are these specialized units of FRS CR: Divers, Climbers, Dog Handlers, Experts for Shot Firing and Experts for Searching and Extrication from Collapsed Structures. According to Director General of FRS CR Decision issued the 5 of March 2013 that dedicated the bases of FRS CR and set predestination of Fire Units for rescue operations, the specialized units are placed in Support Points, where the machinery and equipment for specialized rescue operation including necessary staff is stationed. In the frame of this bachelor work a questionnaire research was performed to gain data necessary for qualitative analysis of special teams of FRS in regions. The aim of this work is to determine whether the activities of special groups of FRS are meeting the requirements for dealing with emergencies in the state territory of the Czech Republic. The distribution of special teams in the Czech Republic is analyzed and a procedure for Operations and Information Centre FRC describing the preparedness and the way of activation of special teams is suggested. Such a procedure does not exist in the present. There is a close cooperation between Experts for Searching and Extrication from Collapsed Structures and Dog Handlers. The using of dogs in rescue operations is specific; in this way are usually used dogs and handlers from the other parts of Integrated Rescue System. Operation procedures, periodical professional training and necessary minimum equipment for specialized teams are set by Director General of FRS CR Decisions. Regional OIC or OIC of MI ? GD activate specialized teams on the demand of commanding officer in the field. Available results of questionnaire research show that the action readiness of specialized teams of FRS meets the demands of extraordinary events in the territory of the Czech Republic. It was confirmed that the equipment of specialized teams is in the accordance of minimum technical equipment according Director General of FRS CR Decisions. In the closing part of this work the draft of regional Operation and Information Centre procedures is prepared in the aim to provide OIC staff a tool for activation of specialized teams including their equipment and machinery in the case of extraordinary event in the territory of the Czech Republic. When the introductory information is obtained, created procedures activate specialized teams immediately, in this way the fire localization or life rescuing can be realized significantly quicker.
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Investigation for infectious markers of blood donors in Blood Establishment Hospital Č.B. a.s.
PÍCHOVÁ, Jana
The theme of the bachelor thesis is ?Infectious Disease Marker Testing of Blood Donors?. According legal rules, donated blood is tested for infectious agents of AIDS, syphilis and HBV, HCV. The risk of transmission of such diseases has been decreased in recent decades nevertheless it is still a threat to transfusion medicine. At the Transfusion Department of the České Budějovice Hospital, Inc., the samples of blood donors are tested in the Blood Donors Analytics Laboratory. At present, all the tests are performed on a single instrument Abbott Architect. Before testing on the Architect analyzer, viral markers were tested on the Abbott AxSYM instrument, while syphilis was tested via TP-PA method using a diagnostic kit by Serodia. The objective of the bachelor thesis is to compare the current testing systems with the previous ones, describe individual testing methods, count the numbers of reactive results and compare results of its confirmation tests, find out the frequency of reactive and positive results in new blood donors, verify results of the second confirmation of control samples. The thesis informs about basic criteria to select blood donors, individual infectious markers which cover the infectious diseases, in which a prolonged presence of the agents in blood occurs, and thus the transmission of the infection is possible. Further, the principles of methods used by the AxSYM analyzer, the Architect analyzer and Serodia TP-PA diagnostic kit are described. The samples showing the reactive results are sent to the National Reference Laboratory to be retested. In the period from 1st January 2011 to 31st December 2011 17,262 blood donors were tested using the AxSYM analyzer to detect HIV, HBsAg and HCV infections. The same number of the tests was performed also by TP-PA method to diagnose syphilis. In the period from 1st February 2012 to 31st January 2013, 18,346 of blood donor samples were tested to detect HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis. 57 samples from the total number of tests performed on the AxSYM analyzer and TP-PA diagnostic kit were reactive in the year 2011. With the installation of the Architect analyzer the numbers of reactive samples increased more than twice, namely to 121 reactive samples. The largest increase in reactivity is evident in case of syphilis diagnostics. It was the similar with anti-HCV method. In both cases, the methods for antibodies detection are involved, and so it can be taken into account the interference with other non-specific antibodies. In the period of testing by TP-PA method on the AxSYM system, 20 reactive control samples, 10 reactive first time blood donors samples and 27 reactive regular donors samples were detected. After the changeover to Architect system, the numbers of reactive samples were increased unexpectedly in regular donors the most, namely up to 88 samples within the monitored period unlike 8 reactive samples in first time donors or 25 reactive control samples. In most cases, the confirmation test results of control samples are negative regardless the type of analyzer used for screening tests showing reactive results. The largest number of unclear results from the National Reference Laboratory (NRL) was observed with anti-HCV method. The NRL confirmed altogether 5 positive results for the monitored infection diseases, from which 4 were in new donors. This finding confirms the assumption that the first time donors are a risk group while with the regular blood donation the safety of blood transfusion is increasing. Based on all observed parameters the both analyzers can be regard as the safe systems for blood donors testing showing the sufficient specificity. The AxSYM analyzer was replaced by the newer Architect analyzer because of upgrading the machine equipment primarily. The chemiluminiscent test technology is preferred because of its high sensitivity, simplicity and reliability.
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Research of Psychotherapy Impact before Planned Surgery of Complete Coxa Endoprosthesis on Post-operation Condition.
Fučíková, Pavla ; Dastlík, Lukáš (advisor) ; Hátlová, Běla (referee)
Název: Výzkum vlivu psychoterapie před plánovanou operací totální endoprotézy kyčelního kloubu na pooperační průběh Research on influence ofpsychotherapy before complete hip joint endoprosthesis surgerv on postoperative course Cile práce: Záměrem diplomové práce je zmapování znalostí u lidí, kteří přicházejí do nemocnice na plánovanou operaci- umělou náhradu kyčelního kloubu. Cílem je zjistit, na základě studia literatury a provedeného průzkumu, nejvhodnější způsob a dobu informování o rehabilitaci u těchto pacientů. Metoda: Výzkum byl proveden na ortopedickém oddělení pardubické nemocnice v době od září 2005 - do listopadu 2005 u 60 klientů indikovaných k plánovanému operačnímu řešení- umělé náhradě kyčelního kloubu. K zmapování byly použity dvě ankety (nestandardní dotazníky). První měl za cíl u dotazovaných zjistit znalosti svého onemocnění, pooperačního průběhu, zda si jsou vědomi určitých omezení a v neposlední řadě, jak velkou mají obavu z pooperačního období. Hodnotil se vliv věku, pohlaví, vzdělání, předešlého kloubm'ho onemocnění či operačního řešení... Druhý měl za cíl u dotazovaných zmapovat ve všech třech vytvořených skupinách (poučeni před operací fyzioterapeutem, poučeni před operací pouze instruktážním letákem a poučeni fyzioterapeutem až po operaci) subjektivní hodnocení typu...
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The Human, the Psyche and the Death
Arden, Lukáš ; Jebavá, Jana (advisor) ; Bednář, Miloš (referee)
Název: Člověk, duše a smrt The human, the psyche and the death Cíle práce: Cílem diplomové práce bylo předložit ucelený pohled na problematiku osobnosti člověka, smrti a s ní souvisejících témat. Snahou bylo předložit názory jednotlivých filozofů, odborníků a náboženství na člověka jako jedinečnou bytost. Práce se zaměřuje především na období stáří, které se nejvíce dotýká problematiky smrti. Druhým cílem této práce je porovnat vnímání vlastního stáří u seniorů, kteří již nejsou schopni samostatného života bez pomoci ostatních, lidí, kteří žijí společně v domově, který jim nabízí možnost aktivního života, vnímání stáří také jako pozitivní části života a možnost rozvoje v každém věku i v nemoci. Součástí této práce je také názor na život, stáří a smrt velké herecké osobnosti, paní Květy Fialové, která je nádherným příkladem člověka, který přijímá kterýkoli věk jako dar a obohacení a snaží se v něm nalézt krásu a radost. Metoda: Průzkum byl proveden ve 3 domovech důchodců v Praze v celkovém objemu 102 dotázaných respondentů. Průzkum byl proveden konkrétně v těchto zařízeních: Domov důchodců Praha 1O, Sněženková 8/2973, Zahradní město Domov důchodců Praha 10, Rektorská 577, Malešice Domov důchodců Praha 4, Donovalská 2222, Chodov Výběr těchto zařízení byl proveden podle počtu klientů v jednotlivých...
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