|
Analysis of amino acids and polyamines by HPLC and CZE
Kubíčková, Anna ; Coufal, Pavel (advisor) ; Pacáková, Věra (referee) ; Flieger, Miroslav (referee)
(EN) This work is focused on two specific classes of amines. First group comprises of cyclic polyaminocarboxylates from the DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane- 1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) family, which are important reaction intermediates in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent synthesis. In the development of new contrast agents, carboxyl groups are very often protected with tert-butyl ester groups. Among these derivatives, tBu3DO3A is of the highest importance. Therefore, reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) and non- aqueous capillary zone electrophoretic (CZE) methods were evaluated for qualitative and quantitative analysis of tBu3DO3A (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-1,4,7- tris(tert-butylacetate) and two typical reaction by-products, i.e. tBu4DOTA (1,4,7,10- tetraazacyclododecan-1,4,7,10-tetrakis(tert-butylacetate) and tBu2DO2A (1,4,7,10- tetraazacyclododecan-1,4-bis(tert-butylacetate). These optimized methods were successfully applied to monitoring of real reaction mixtures during synthesis of a new MRI contrast agent. No further sample pretreatment was necessary. In the second part of the thesis, proteinogenic amino acids and polyamines were used as model analytes for development of a new post-column solid-phase reactor suitable for on-line derivatization...
|
|
Analysis of the involvement of α2 - AMPK in the beneficial effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on obesity - associated metabolic derangements
Jeleník, Tomáš ; Rossmeisl, Martin (advisor) ; Cahová, Monika (referee) ; Pácha, Jiří (referee)
It is well established that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with long chain (n-3 LC-PUFA) have beneficial effects on the obesity-induced metabolic disorders in mice. However, in obese humans, the potency of these fatty acids to positively affect obesity and insulin resistance has been shown to be lower. The aim of the studies described in this thesis was to verify various approaches aimed at increasing efficiency of n-3 LC-PUFA and to study the involvement of 2 subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (2-AMPK) in the mechanisms of action of these compounds. Firstly, various chemical derivatives of DHA were tested in mice. Substance-2, the -ethyl ester of DHA, completely prevented and even partially reversed the development of obesity, fat accumulation, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia and white adipose tissue inflammation, even though the dose was only 10 % of that normally used in mice for the treatment with n-3 LC-PUFA. Secondly, the combination of n-3 LC-PUFA and a low-dose of anti-diabetic rosiglitazone prevented, in additive manner, development of dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, reduced the accumulation of body fat and adipocyte hypertrophy, while inducing adiponectin in mice fed a high-fat diet. This treatment also reversed impaired glucose tolerance in obese mice. The major part...
|
|
Perceived Inflation - The New Phenomenon After The Euro Changeover
Smrčková, Gabriela ; Šaroch, Stanislav (advisor) ; Arlt, Josef (referee) ; Lacina, Lubor (referee) ; Čech, Zdeněk (referee)
The thesis focuses on theoretical and empirical analysis of the deterioration of price perception among European consumers after the introduction of the euro banknotes and coins. The aim of the thesis is to find out the major factors which provoked a rapid increase of the indicator of perceived inflation after 2002, while inflation in euro zone continued developing moderately, and to derive some conclusions for economic policy of candidate countries to euro introduction. There are at least four reasons why it matters to analyse the distortion of the indicator of perceived inflation from the HICP index which measures the inflation in the euro zone. Firstly, from the political and economical perspective there is a risk of weak support for the European monetary integration. Secondly, the distortion of price perception can deteriorate the belief in the official statistics. Thirdly, the inaccurate price perception can lead to wrong consumer decisions having an impact on a volume or a structure of national consumption. Last but not least, there is a risk of a negative impact on price expectations. In order to meet its goals, the thesis stases several hypotheses which analyse the problem from two perspectives. Firstly, from a mere review of detailed prices in the period of the introduction of the euro banknotes and coins (Hypotheses: (i) the consumers are more sensitive towards some price movements, therefore the deterioration of the indicator of perceived inflation can be explained by the abnormal evolution of some prices in the critical period of the euro introduction, (ii) convergence of the new euro prices towards round prices lead to frequent price movements having an impact on price perception) Secondly, from the point of view of limited perception of prices by consumers (Hypothesis: (iii) consumers does not behave rationally when deciding about prices therefore they are not able to perceive all price movements). The thesis is organized in three chapters. The first chapter is mainly theoretical and introduces the problem of perceived inflation. It is followed by two chapters which combine empirical and theoretical analysis of the drivers of perceived inflation after the euro introduction. Within its conclusions, the thesis identifies a combination of several factors that caused a rapid increase of the indicator of perceived inflation after the changeover which have their origins in a changed monetary environment. The effects coming from using rounded conversion rates instead of the official ones in mental conversions of the new euro prices to the old prices in national currencies, limited the possibility for consumers to perceive correctly the price movements. Moreover, higher sensitivity towards price increases in comparison to price decreases and a higher inflation in some areas led to blaming the new currency for high inflation. The irrational behaviour of consumers in relation to prices was strengthened by the effects of the new currency. The thesis also states that while the increase of the indicator of perceived inflation had no negative impact on inflation expectations, the deterioration of inflation perception might negatively influence consumption.
|
|
Study of Exact Spacetimes
Švarc, Robert ; Podolský, Jiří (advisor) ; Pravda, Vojtěch (referee) ; Steinbauer, Roland (referee)
In this work we study various aspects of the behaviour of free test particles in Einstein's general relativity and analyze specific physical properties of the background spacetimes. In the first part we investigate geodesic motions in the four-dimensional constant curvature spacetimes, i.e., Minkowski and (anti-)de Sitter universe, with an expanding impulsive gravitational wave. We derive the simple refraction formulae for particles crossing the impulse and describe the effect of nonvanishig cosmological constant. In the second part of this work we present a general method useful for geometrical and physical interpretation of arbitrary spacetimes in any dimension. It is based on the systematic analysis of the relative motion of free test particles. The equation of geodesic deviation is rewritten with respect to the natural orthonormal frame. We discuss the contributions given by a specific algebraic structure of the curvature tensor and the matter content of the universe. This formalism is subsequently used for investigation of the large class of nontwisting spacetimes. In particular, we analyse the motions in the nonexpanding Kundt and expanding Robinson--Trautman family of solutions.
|
|
Analysis of the gene lmbX included propylproline biosynthesis
Smutná, Yvona ; Najmanová, Lucie (referee)
Analysis of the gene lmbX included propylproline biosynthesis Abstract Lincomycin and its derivates are potent antibiotics used in human and veterinary medicine, they are antibiotics exibiting biological activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Lincomycin molecule is composed of two amide-bonded subunits, methylthiolincosamide and propylproline. The aim of the study was to assign the gene lmbX to the propylproline biosynthesis based on gene inactivation experiments. The gene lmbX was inactivated by help of REDIRECT technology: PCR targeting system in Streptomyces coelicolor. The respective S. lincolnensis inactivants were checked for lincomycin production by means of biological test and UPLC analysis of their fermentation broth and then exploited in feeding experiments. It was found, that inactivation of the lmbX gene caused suppression of the lincomycin production which was restored upon PPL feeding therefore the respective gene was assigned to reaction of PPL branch of LM biosynthesis.
|
|
Synthesis of cationic phthalocyanines
Cidlina, Antonín ; Zimčík, Petr (advisor) ; Miletín, Miroslav (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE FACULTY OF PHARMACY IN HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY AND DRUG CONTROL Author: Antonín Cidlina Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. PharmDr. Petr Zimčík PhD. Title: Synthesis of cationic phthalocyanines In my thesis, I dealt with the preparation of cationic phthalocyanines containing quaternary ammonium groups in peripheral chains that are attached to α or β positions of the macrocycle. The synthesis of precursors for cyclotetramerization was the first step of this work. They were prepared by nucleophilic substitution of aromatic dicarbonitriles by 2- (diethylamino)ethanthiolate. These precursors were used to cyclotetramerization in presence of magnesium butoxide. Magnesium phthalocyanines were prepared by this procedure. Magnesium complexes were converted to metal-free phthalocyanines in acidic medium. Then, they reacted with anhydrous zinc acetate to form zinc phthalocyanines. Subsequently, alkylation of peripheral amino groups by ethyliodide led to quaternized Pc. In addition, the derivates with substitution in α positions did not aggregate in aqueous media. Furthermore, zinc phtalocyanine substituted in α positions had very good photochemical properties. That is why it may become potential photosensitizer with promising photodynamic activity.
|
|
Fundamental analysis of Erste Bank
Ročková, Naděžda ; Veselá, Jitka (advisor) ; Derner, Tomáš (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with fundamental analysis of Erste Bank's shares on the Prague Stock Exchange. The first chapter analyses the influence of macroeconomic variables on development of the stock index. In the second chapter attention is paid to banking sector, therefore how its development can influence share price. The last chapter deals with corporate analysis, which using various methods calculates the share's intrinsic value. Based on these partial analyzes is derived investment recommendation relating to Erste Bank shares in conclusion.
|
|
Study of cytotoxicity of potential antituberculotics using selected methods on liver and kidney cell line
Katrnošková, Simona ; Ramos Mandíková, Jana (advisor) ; Bárta, Pavel (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Mgr. Simona Katrnošková Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Ramos Mandíková, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Study of cytotoxicity of potential antituberculotics using selected methods on liver and kidney cell line During pharmacologic therapy, tissues of liver and kidney are frequently exposed to high doses of xenobiotics. Via in vitro assays during preclinical testing, we are able to predict potential toxicity which helps to prevent the possible serious adverse drug reactions in clinical practice. The aim of this rigorous thesis was to state the cytotoxic profile of 4 potential antituberculotic drug candidates using appropriate cell models and in vitro assays. Another aim was to compare the cytotoxic effect of the tested compounds among themselves and to 4-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) which antituberculotic activity is known for many years. The tested substances were 3 salicylanilide diethyl phosphate-based derivatives and 4-(trifluormethyl)benzoic acid. For the cytotoxic potential assessment, we used the parameter half maximal inhibitory concentration IC50. We have used methods determining the cell metabolic activity, aminopeptidase activity, lactate dehydrogenase leakage and activity of 3/7 caspases in this...
|
|
Sparse robust portfolio optimization via NLP regularizations
Branda, Martin ; Červinka, Michal ; Schwartz, A.
We deal with investment problems where we minimize a risk measure\nunder a condition on the sparsity of the portfolio. Various risk measures\nare considered including Value-at-Risk and Conditional Value-at-Risk\nunder normal distribution of returns and their robust counterparts are\nderived under moment conditions, all leading to nonconvex objective\nfunctions. We propose four solution approaches: a mixed-integer formulation,\na relaxation of an alternative mixed-integer reformulation and\ntwo NLP regularizations. In a numerical study, we compare their computational\nperformance on a large number of simulated instances taken\nfrom the literature.
|
|
International security with the focus on Islamic region. Searching the premises of the Hizbullah martyrdom on a multilevel analysis
Kočišíková, Viera ; Lehmannová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Eichler, Jan (referee) ; Gombár, Eduard (referee) ; Danics, Štefan (referee)
Most of the existing researches on martyrdom are based on single factor analysis and ignore the fact that this phenomenon is a result of individual psychology and the influence of the environment. That is why most of the researchers aim for multi level approach of the analysis. Only few of them though worked out this approach into a formal model. Although most of the researchers agree that the three level analysis approach is neccessary, most of the researches are based on two level analysis approach. Three level analysis approach was first introduced by Kenneth Waltz (1988) in his research on the causes of war more than fifty years ago. In Waltz model the most fundamental parts neccessary to understand internatinal affairs are individual, state and the state environment. If this is transformed into the matter of terrorist groups we get a three level model of Assaf Moghadam which is based on Waltz's model. In Moghadam's model a state is replaced by a relevant organization and the last level of Waltz's model is replaced by the structural level. Presented thesis is based on the research of Assaf Moghadam and his three level analysis model of suicide terrorism. The main objective of the thesis is the application of Moghadam's model to the martyrdom operations of Hizbullah. Based on this analysis the conditions leading to martyrdom operations of Hizbullah are being searched as well as the level of racionality of these operations is being questioned. The individual level of analysis focuses on the motivation of individuals, the members of Hizbullah who decided to participate in martyrdom operations, deals with the role and impact of charismatic leader and tries to analyse the correlation of poverty and lack of education and martyrdom. It also examines the motivation of individuals and based on the biographic data tries to create a profile of Hizbullah martyr. The organizational/collective level explains the motivation of the organization, Hizbullah, to use martyrdom. The structure and goals of the organization as well as its regional relations and how this context might influence the use of martyrdom are being examined. It deals as well with the forms of indoctrination Hizbullah uses to attract members as well as voters. The transformation of Hizbullah from the radical zealots into a political group, member of government is being portrayed. The structural level analyses external factors derived from the environment that might play role in developing the martyrdom within Hizbullah. The thesis focuses on selected factors such as shi'ite cult of martyrdom, history of shi'a islam connected with oppression, regional history and main historical milestones etc. It shows the examples of martyrdom within the history among both religious and secular groups. Individual and organizational level are closer connected to the martyrdom operation itself than the structural level. Some of the main structural factores are being examined directly on indivual and organizational level. Those important factors are shi'te religion and the cult of martyrdom, conflict with Israel- the occupation of Southern Lebanon, role and impact of other regional powers.
|
guest ::
