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Static verification and variant design of roof structure of winter sport stadium in Jihlava city
Růžička, Tomáš ; Melcher, Jindřich (referee) ; Karmazínová, Marcela (advisor)
Object of this master thesis is the static verification and variant desing of roof structure of winter sport stadium in Jihlava city. The ground plan dimensions are 60 x 84 m The current structure is composite of truss main girders with parabolic lower chords, and purlins. Axial distances of main girders are 12m. Concrete columns are a support to main girders. The variant desing of roof uses truss girders and truss purlins. They are supported on existing concrete columns. All load bearing members of existing and new design structure have been evaluated according to actual normative rules. The static assessment of the existing structure is not satisfied from viewpoint of ultimate and serviceability limit states (in some elements). The static assessment of the new structure is satisfied from the viewpoint of both limit states.
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Analysis of Public Sector Accounting Standards in France
Kamenská, Monika ; Svoboda, Michal (advisor) ; Poutník, Lukáš (referee)
The subject of this thesis is an analysis and a description of the accounting standards applied in the central government of France. In the first part, it focuses on the description of the public sector and its components with an emphasis on finance. Moreover, to introduce readers to the context, the second chapter is presenting the accounting of central government in reference to the organic law on finance laws. The analysis of particular accounting standards, especially of basic conceptual rules and specifics of the public sector, can be found in the last chapter.
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Personal and social development through dramatic improvisation
Gabrielová, Vanda ; Froněk, Jan (advisor) ; Raisová, Tereza (referee)
The author focuses in her work on the importance and possibilities of dramatic improvisation in the social-personal development of adults. She points out principles and rules of this method, which can help in the development of each person's potential. Subsequently, she concentrates especially on themes like barrier outdoing, self-confidence, single-mindedness, fantasy, emotion control, acting skills and the art of dialog. Furthermore, in the preparation and implementation of courses she emphasizes principles and methods in accordance with the didactic cycle C-M-I-A-R-E. Author presents requirements for instructors as well as overall organization of those courses. In conclusion, model exercises, which can be faced by participants of dramatic improvisation, are shown. Author then explains their purposes and analyzes them step by step.
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Factors affecting food preferences of primary school pupils
Fourová, Karolína ; Kouřimská, Lenka (advisor) ; Iva, Iva (referee)
In the Czech Republic and the whole world, the global prevalence of overweight children and child obesity is increasing. This situation may result in a continuation overweight or obesity until adulthood and development related diseases, social and psychological discomfort. Overweight in children and adolescents may have a variety of negative consequences, affecting not only quality of life, but also health in adulthood. These include, for example, osteoporosis, diabetes second type, obstructive sleep apnea, hypertension, dyslipidemia or metabolic syndrome, but also the psychological aspects. Skipping breakfast or snacks and the overall low frequency of eating is often associated with high consumption of sweetened beverages and foods, high in simple sugars and a large amount of fat, which affects the development of overweight and obesity. The creation of the principles of good eating and lifestyle is depending on lifestyle of the whole family in childhood or adolescence. The environment for eating, which is created by family and school, has positive effect on promoting healthy eating and it can contribute to reducing the obesity epidemic. This study presents evidence on the level of nutrition education for elementary school pupils in the Czech Republic. Confirmation of the hypothesis, which is based on the fact, that absence of breakfast and snacks in children eating habits leads to a higher frequency of purchases of energy-dense foods with inappropriate nutritional composition, should highlight the need for increased intervention in the topic of parent's and children's eating habits. Results should support the importance of regular meals and nutritional balanced home-made snacks in children's eating habits, which could reduce the percentage of overweight and obese children and also the percentage of obese adults in future.
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Nové postupy biomonitoringu cizorodých látek ve vodním prostředí
ČERVENÝ, Daniel
Within the presented work, several approaches of biomonitoring were studied. A well-established method for human health risk assessment was applied to evaluate the quality of fish from open waters in the Czech Republic. As this work is targeted on sport fishermen, who frequently consume their own catches, besides the publication in scientific journal, a brochure with results of this study was distributed via the Czech Fishing Union. Health risks for consumers related to the consumption of wild fish were found strongly species and locality dependent. As there is no risks related with the consumption of carp (Cyprinus carpio) at all investigated sites, frequent consumption of predatory fish should be avoided at some fishing grounds. The use of passive samplers has become more and more attractive in the last two decades. As these devices are able to mimic the biological uptake of chemicals, their potential for replacing fish as bioindicators in routine biomonitoring programmes is evident. In our study, the comparison between analysis of fish tissues and POCIS extracts from selected sampling sites confirms this idea about interchangeability of these indicators in the case of PFASs as target pollutants. Moreover, no metabolic transformation of contaminants present in water take place in passive samplers contrary to living organisms, thus these reflect the actual contamination at the locality more precisely. The use of passive samplers completely fulfils the internationally accepted principles of Replacement, Reduction, Refinement (the three R´s). Another promising approach using YOY fish as bioindicators was evaluated within the present study. Multispecies samples of YOY fish homogenate was found as a better indicator for wide range of pollutants than muscle tissue of adult fish within one species from the same locality. As all inner organs and tissues are presented in analysed samples, more target pollutants in higher concentrations are detected compared to the muscle of adults. Besides the higher sensitivity in pollutants detection and quantification, practical and economic benefits are of concern in the case of the YOY fish approach. The YOY fish approach also particularly fulfil the three R´s strategy, as sampling of this age group of fish has a smaller impact on the environment than the sampling of adults. In case of mercury, that was found as a limiting contaminant for the consumption of fish from open waters in the Czech Republic, a nonlethal method of finclips sampling can be used for the monitoring of this compound in aquatic environments. Besides the monitoring, our optimised method for the estimation of muscle tissue concentrations could be used for human health risk assessment as well. The difference between real muscle concentrations and concentrations estimated using our method differs less than 10% in most of the investigated localities. Benthic organisms are an important part of the food web in aquatic environments, but insufficient information about its contamination is available. In another study included in this thesis, first evidence about bioaccumulation of certain pharmaceuticals in benthic organisms was described. Although, pharmaceuticals are generally considered to be not accumulative in organisms, our study proved that certain pharmaceuticals have bioaccumulation potential. From this finding, it is evident that not only the concentrations of pharmaceutical dissolved in water but also the diet represents an important exposure pathway of contamination by these compounds for organisms (fish) inhabiting aquatic environments.
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Comparasion of methods of examination glomerular filtration
VACHTOVÁ, Aneta
Currently, in the world 500 million people suffer from chronic kidney disease, which means that affects roughly every tenth inhabitant of our planet. Among many causes, the most important are an increase of numbers of patients with chronic diseases, increasing life expectancy, increase of arterial hypertension, obesity and diabetes. There are many different kinds of kidney diseases, often it's the combined disturbances which are affecting multiple organs or organ systems. Early stages of chronic damage are often unrecognized. Early detection, assessment of severity and early treatment can not only slow but in some cases stop the progression of the disease and also significantly reduce life-threatening cardiovascular complication. According to a KDIGO ( Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcome ). The basic methods includes assessment and tests of kidney function GFR ( Glomerular filtration rate). CKD ( Chronic Kidney Disease ) is divided into five categories, and it is based on their reduced function detectable by a glomerular filtration. Investigation of filtering function of the kidneys is necessary not only for it's detection and classification of chronic kidney disease, but also to assess the associated cardiovascular risk. There are methods, which we are using to determine the glomerular filtration - Direct method and increasingly the calculation methods which don't require collection of urine. In this work, I dealt with comparing methods of testing glomerular filtration. One direct method, creatinine clearance, which required accurate collection of urine for 24 hours and three calculation methods. Two methods which are dependent on creatinine serum, equation MDRD ( Modification of Diet in Renal disease) and CKD- EPI ( Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration) and one dependent on the concentration of serum of cystatin C equation CKD-EPI. In the theoretical part is briefly explained the functionality and structure of the kidney. Then I mentioned the severity and frequency of kidney disease and determined the extent of damage depending on certain factors. In this part is an overview of the methods used for determination of rate of glomerular filtration and suitability of individual methods and estimates. The practical part describes taking a samples, their analysis and principle of investigation of analyte levels from samples which are needed to determine levels of glomerular filtration. I examined 90 selected adult patients with suspected chronic kidney disease. For each one, I measured three analytes- creatinine and cystatin C in serum and urine creatinine. Measurements of creatinine serum, cystatin C and urinary creatinine, I carried on analyser ADVIA 1800 diagnostic kit from company Siemens in workplace of Clinical Chemistry of Hospital Ceske Budejovice, a.s. The results were statistically evaluated by Box- diagram, by Passing-Bablokovy regression and by Bland- Altman diagram. Assessing and compering the final data has shown that the various glomerular filtration methods are substitute for a selected group of patients with suspected chronic kidney disease and do not show a clinically significant differences. Based on this information, I confirm the hypothesis. I embraced used laboratory and investigation methods. This was the goal of my work.
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Clinical and genetic predictors of drug dependency in inflammatory bowel disease
Ďuricová, Dana ; Lukáš, Milan (advisor) ; Keil, Radan (referee) ; Špičák, Julius (referee)
IN ENGLISH Drug dependency in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a specific disease phenotype which determines disease prognosis and hence may be used as a prognostic marker for treatment management. Drug dependency in IBD has been well described in corticosteroid treatment and recently also in infliximab (IFX) therapy. The aims of this thesis were: 1) to assess the occurrence of IFX dependency in paediatric and adult patients with CD; further to search for clinical and genetic predictors of IFX outcome and to evaluate the impact of IFX dependency on surgical rate; 2) to assess in CD patients the outcome of the first course of 5-ASA monotherapy with emphasis on 5-ASA dependency and to define clinical predictors of 5-ASA treatment outcome. We found that 66% of children and 29% of adults with CD became IFX dependent. The high frequency in paediatrics is in agreement with previously published studies, while the finding in adult patients indicates a lower rate of IFX dependency in the only study to date. Perianal disease and no bowel surgery prior to IFX start were predicative of IFX dependency in paediatric patients. In adult cohort, 2 genetic variants LTA c.207 A>G and CASP9 c.93 C>T were associated with IFX outcome, whereas no relevant clinical...
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Smoking, health risks, preventive approaches
Kuprová, Michaela ; Černá, Milena (advisor)
The aim of my bachelor's work has been to summarize the knowledge dealing with smoking, its risks and possibilities of preventive regulations. Smoking is the most important preventable reason of death in the world. It is responsible not only for serious addiction, but it has also significant economic, social and health concequences. Smoking participate in cardiovascular diseases by 20-25%, by approximately 30% smoking causes tumorous diseases and last but not least smoking causes 75% of chronic respiratory diseases. Prevalence in adult smokers in the ČR reaches approximately 27%. The fact that smoking does not appear only in adults is proven by the fact that in our country 35% children aged 13-15 years smoke. Statistics also show that 13% of expectant mothers smoke. First chapters of my work are devoted to general information about smoking. These parts include the substantial information about nicotine addiction, history of tobacco and types of tobacco products. I have also included the problem of passive smoking into my work as this social phenomenon kills and causes diseases. Remaining parts of my work are focused not only on health risks of smoking but also on effective prevention. At the very conclusion. I deal with detoxication, treatment and law which concerns control of tobacco products.
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