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Analysis of serine racemase expression in the CNS of epileptic patients
Vorlová, Barbora ; Maloy Řezáčová, Pavlína (referee) ; Konvalinka, Jan (advisor)
Serine racemase is a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate dependent enzyme that converts L-serine to D-serine. D-serine is a recognized physiological co-agonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate type of glutamate receptors - key receptors that participate in the neurotransmission in the mammalian brain. Dysfunction of these receptors has been implicated in several neuropathologies, including schizophrenia, brain ischemia, neurodegenerative disorders and epilepsy. Serine racemase is thus a promising pharmaceutical target in these diseases. In this study, three anti-human serine racemase monoclonal antibodies were characterized and the best one was used for the Western blot detection of the enzyme in resected human epileptic tissues. For better interpretation of the results, accuracy of the tissue processing, the protein concentration determination and the Western blot quantification were verified. Finally, the activity of human serine racemase was determined with the L-serine-O-sulfate, the substrate with the highest-affinity to this enzyme. (Thesis in Czech)
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Analysis of high-frequency activity in electroencephalogram of animal epilepsy model
Havel, T. ; Kudláček, J. ; Jiruška, Přemysl ; Ježdík, P. ; Čmejla, R.
High frequency oscillations (HFO) are believed to be a new specific biomarker of epileptogenic tissue. According to the reported findings, we hypothesized that HFOs occur more specific to the epileptogenic tissue. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed intracranial electroencephalograms (iEEG) of three subjects of animal epilepsy model. Overall 180 minutes of iEEG records were processed by the automatic high frequency activity detector and further analyzed. The dominant frequency of each segment was determined and categorized as ripples (80-200 Hz) or fast ripples (200-1000 Hz). Even though overall number of HFO detections predominate in the hemisphere where epileptic focus is located, in comparison of each brain structure separately our hypothesis cannot be fully confirmed.
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Establishing Mutual Links among Brain Structures
Klimeš, Petr ; Hlinka,, Jaroslav (referee) ; Krajča,, Vladimír (referee) ; Halámek, Josef (advisor)
The Human brain consists of mutually connected neuronal populations that build anatomically and functionally separated structures. To understand human brain activity and connectivity, it is crucial to describe how these structures are connected and how information is spread. Commonly used methods often work with data from scalp EEG, with a limited number of contacts, and are incapable of observing dynamic changes during cognitive processes or different behavioural states. In addition, connectivity studies almost never analyse pathological parts of the brain, which can have a crucial impact on pathology research and treatment. The aim of this work is connectivity analysis and its evolution in time during cognitive tasks using data from intracranial EEG. Physiological processes in cognitive stimulation and the local connectivity of pathology in the epileptic brain during wake and sleep were analysed. The results provide new insight into human brain physiology research. This was achieved by an innovative approach which combines connectivity methods with EEG spectral power calculation. The second part of this work focuses on seizure onset zone (SOZ) connectivity in the epileptic brain. The results describe the functional isolation of the SOZ from the surrounding tissue, which may contribute to clinical research and epilepsy treatment.
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Detection of High-Frequency EEG Activity in Epileptic Patients
Cimbálník, Jan ; Kremláček, Jan (referee) ; Jiruška,, Přemysl (referee) ; Jurák, Pavel (advisor)
Tato práce se zabývá automatickou detekcí vysokofrekvenčních oscilací jakožto moderního elektrofyziologického biomarkru epileptogenní tkáně v intrakraniálním EEG, jehož vizuální detekce je zdlouhavý proces, který je ovlivněn subjektivitou hodnotitele. Epilepsie je jedním z nejčastějších neurologických onemocnění postihující 1 % obyvatelstva. Přestože jsou přibližně dvě třetiny případů léčitelné farmakologicky, zbylá třetina pacientů je odkázána zejména na léčbu chirurgickým zákrokem, pro nějž je zapotřebí přesně lokalizovat ložisko patologické tkáně. Vysokofrekvenční oscilace jsou v posledním desetiletí studovány pro jejich potenciál lokalizace patologické tkáně. Součástí této práce je shrnutí dosavadního výzkumu vysokofrekvenčních oscilací a výčet detektorů používaných ve výzkumu. V rámci práce byly vyvinuty či vylepšeny tři detektory vysokofrekvenčních oscilací, na jejichž popis navazuje evaluace z hlediska shody s manuální detekcí, přesnosti výpočtu příznaků oscilací a schopnosti lokalizace patologické tkáně. V závěru práce jsou představeny vyvinuté metody vizualizace vysokofrekvenčních výskytu oscilací a stručně uvedeny dosažené vědecké výsledky.
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Specifies of nursing care in children with epilepsy.
KOBZOVÁ, Andrea
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological conditions and can affect children of any age. Epilepsy is accompanied by many symptoms and similarly to other conditions requires specific treatment and care.. Children patients have difficulties to accept this fact and it is necessary to support them. This thesis called "Specifics of nursing care for epileptic children" consists of two parts. The theoretical part describes epilepsy, its types, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and regiment. A large part focuses on nursing care for epileptic children. The empirical part of this bachelor thesis has three aims. The first aim was to find out common nursing practices when caring for children epileptic patients. The second aim was to find out the needs of hospitalized epileptic children. The last aim was to create an educative material for nurses working at standard hospital wards. A research question was set for each of these aims: What procedures do nurses use when looking after patients with epilepsy? What are the specifics of nursing when looking after a child hospitalized with epilepsy? What needs do children hospitalized with epilepsy have? The research for the empirical part was carried out using qualitative method of research. Nurses in University Hospital Brno and in the Motol Hospital were interviewed using the method of semi-structured interview to collect data.. Data such as age, gender, degree of education and length of experience of each nurse were also taken into account.. If necessary, further questions were asked to clarify the answer. If the nurse agreed, the interview was recorded on Dictaphone. Some interviews were written down word-by-word when the nurse did not agree with recording. The interviews were then typed into Microsoft Word 2007 and data was divided into the following categories: Specifics of hospitalization, Accompanying persons, Specifics of medical examination, Child's needs, Regimen, Specifics of nursing care, Safety, Communication rules. Diagrams were created in draw.io software. The research revealed facts and answers described below. It was revealed that when it comes to hospitalization, the look of the room and the care are very important, and that it is necessary to use a regular daily regimen. Emphasis was laid on children's safety; accommodating the child in a suitable room, preferably near the nurses' room; the furniture should have round edges; beds with side barriers; alarm. The interviewees' statements regarding hospitalization with or without a child's parent differ. Most interviewees replied that this depends on the child's age. It is suitable that a small child is accompanied by a parent during hospitalization, but this is not necessary in case of older children who sometimes do not even require this. The research also revealed that preparing a child for magnetic resonation also differs with age. Older children are only prepared psychologically. Small children are under general anaesthesia and the preparations are more demanding. When identifying the children's needs it was revealed that the most important needs of an epileptic child are independency and socialization. Children feel greatly limited because they cannot take part in evening parties, driving lessons, sports, they cannot do demanding and adrenalin sport activities or sports where they could fall from a height. The research revealed that during an epileptic fit it is important to measure its length, observe what part of the body the fit affects, what is its frequency, if he wets himself, drooling.. Not all interviewees confirmed that children should be prevented from movement during a fit. An important part of the nursing care is communication, which should have character of communication with a normal healthy child. This thesis can be used to educate and widen the nurses and parents' knowledge about the care for epileptic children. It can be also used as a teaching material for nurse trainees.
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Genetická analýza vybrané dědičné choroby u psů
VOLNÁ, Jitka
In my thesis I concentrated on an analysis of biological samples of 60 dogs, which manifested epilepsy. The aim was to find out the relation between genotype of the selected locus and the occurrence of epilepsy. Based on the results of the analysis, I assessed, whether there is a demonstrable relation between the occurrence of epilepsy and genotype in a particular locus. According to the results, no influence of genotype on the age of first epileptic seizure was proved.
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Brain connectivity estimation
Sladký, Vladimír ; Jurčo, Juraj (referee) ; Cimbálník, Jan (advisor)
Epileptic disease is connected with change in activity of neuronal clusters. Brain connectivity analysis deals with statistic interdependencies between different neuronal centres. Earlier studies show that changes in connectivity can be seen near primary epileptic site. What is changing connectivity and its characteristic in interictal recordings are yet to be fully known. In this thesis are analyzed data from intracranial EEG electrodes, positioned in and neighboring areas of epileptic site. Changes in connectivity of epileptic site and its surroundings are observed by nonlinear correlation method. Decrease in connectivity of epileptic site during slow wave sleep was detected on frequencies above 80 Hz. Reduced connectivity was measured on the border of epileptic zone and normal tissue. Observed features are accentuated during sleep. It was also found out that connectivity at the border of epileptic zone apears to have nonlinear property. The results show that physiological processes during sleep are influencing connectivity near epileptic site and decrease in connectivity may be related to nonlinear dependence of neuronal activity at the border of epileptic zone. This study confirms hypothesis of the earlier studies and reveals new facts about connectivity of epileptic site from the perspective of nonlinear processes. Consequent study based on this findings might lead to more precise delineation of epileptic site and to better understanding of processes, which are causing epileptic fits.
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Health and social problems of adolescents and adults suffering from epilepsy
MACHOVÁ, Pavla
The bachelor thesis is focused on health and social problems of adolescents and adults with epilepsy. The bachelor thesis aim is to analyze the social status of adolescents and adults with epilepsy in the area of education, leisure activities and the inclusion into a group of peers. The bachelor thesis theoretical part deals with the characteristics of epilepsy, the disease etiology, the first aid and it also mentions current epilepsy treatment possibilities. It describes the social relevance of the disease within adolescents and adults. The attention is given to education, leisure activities and the relevance of the peer group within adolescents and young persons with epilepsy. There are options of the social help for people with epilepsy and the social worker role in the bachelor thesis. The bachelor thesis is focused on health and social problems of adolescents and adults with epilepsy. The bachelor thesis aim is to analyze the social status of adolescents and adults with epilepsy in the area of education, leisure activities and the inclusion into a group of peers. The bachelor thesis theoretical part deals with the characteristics of epilepsy, the disease etiology, the first aid and it also mentions current epilepsy treatment possibilities. It describes the social relevance of the disease within adolescents and adults. The attention is given to education, leisure activities and the relevance of the peer group within adolescents and young persons with epilepsy. There are options of the social help for people with epilepsy and the social worker role in the bachelor thesis.
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The impact of epilepsy on pregnancy, delivery and nursing care of the newborn in the postpartum period
PATOČKOVÁ, Markéta
This bachelor thesis titled "The Influence of Epilepsy on Pregnancy, Birth and Newborn Nursing Care in Puerperium" is focused on women diagnosed with epilepsy during their childbearing time, delivery, puerperium and the followed nursing careof the newborn. Epilepsy is a serious neurological condition which is exhibited by epileptic seizures. It affects people of both genders and all ages. The theoretical part of this thesis describes epilepsy, its pathophysiology and aetiology, focuses on the classification of epileptic seizures and emphasises the major role of nurses regarding diagnostics, treatment and preventing interventions of this disease. This part is further concerned with the influence of epilepsy on pregnancy, delivery, puerperium and newborn nursing care. It also tries to emphasise the role of midwife during the individual stages and specifics of nursing care for women with diagnosed epilepsy. The aim of this thesis is to map the impact of epilepsy on pregnancy, delivery and newborn nursing care during puerperium. The research question posed is: How epilepsy impacts pregnancy, delivery and newborn nursing care during puerperium? The second aim is focused on midwives and their level of knowledge about epilepsy in connection to pregnancy, delivery and newborn nursing care during puerperium with the posed question: What is the knowledge of midwives regarding epilepsy in connection with pregnancy, delivery and newborn nursing care during puerperium? This thesis works with two research groups, first consisting of five women diagnosed with epilepsy having given birth within a year. The second comprised of midwives working at Gynecology-Obsterics wards or Wards for physiological newborns. The results show that it is possible for women with diagnosed epilepsy to experience physiological pregnancy, delivery and puerperium. Consultations with a neurologist are necessary, following his advice as well as keeping to prescribed medication. Midwives are knowledgeable regarding epilepsy in connection to pregnancy, delivery and newborn care duringpuerperium. The level of knowledge is always connected to the type of their working place. Educational material was created for the epilepsy diagnosed mothers based on the obtained results from research part of the thesis, which will make them better prepared for the possible complications this diagnosis can cause during pregnancy,delivery and newborn nursing care in puerperium.
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