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Climate change and its effect on insurance industry
Landa, Josef ; Daňhel, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kiovský, Tomáš (referee)
Climate change is an undisputable fact. However it has not been found out yet with certainty what role does the human activity play and how is climate change influenced by nature cycles. A major role play greenhouse gases trapped in the atmosphere. These gases are linked to various issues, one of them being the global warming. In order to reduce the amount of emitted greenhouse gases, various conferences on climate change took place. During meetings participants have been trying to find a solution for gradual reducing level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Climate change will probably result in more severe natural catastrophes, according to renowned scientists. Most probably there will be a rising occurrence of tropical cyclones, severe droughts or a change in rain precipitation throughout the world. Future predictions are not clear yet and there is still no common agreement among scientists about how the future developments will be. However there is a clear increasing trend in the amount of insured losses, economic losses and the number of catastrophic events, which influences insurance industry. This trend could be caused by more elements, including increasing insurance penetration, increasing concentration of economic values or increasing migration into hazard zones. Climate change can also be partly to blame for the negative developments of insured losses and therefore insurance industry should play a major role in an effort to assess possible future risks in order to decrease its vulnerability to future risk developments. Indemnity rise makes insurance companies and the whole industry more vulnerable to insolvency and thus new ways to diversify risks are being searched for. Cooperation between public and private sector is one of the solutions which help to make almost uninsurable risks insurable. However, there are still risks that are almost unbearable by cooperation of these two sectors. Alternative risk transfer to capital market is one of solutions for mitigating the possibility of huge future losses. In the process of an alternative risk transfer, investors are participating in catastrophe risk development through e.g. catastrophe bonds. Bonds give investors an opportunity to further diversify their portfolio and receive an attractive yield in return to an exposure to a risk of a big catastrophe loss which could result in installment cut, installment annulment or even principal annulment depending on the severity of the catastrophe. Through these risk transfer methods catastrophe losses of huge extents can be spread to more parties, helping to decrease the risk of default of parties and thus increasing the probability of liabilities settlement.
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Vegetation of heat pipelines and participation of invasive species
SVĚTLÍKOVÁ, Petra
Both climate change and plant invasions are phenomenons affecting vegetation structure and its functioning. This study compares vegetation of heat pipelines with surrounding vegetation and investigated survival of thermophilic species in the zone on heat pipelines. Reactions of plants on global warming, including possible invasive behaviour of alien species, are briefly discussed.
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Ecological and epidemiological aspects of tick-borne encephalitis
GREGOROVÁ, Eva
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus is endemic in many countries in central, eastern and northern Europe. Nowadays its importance rises because of its increasing incidence. This study focuses on characterization of tick-borne encephalitis virus, its host and human disease caused by this pathogen and efficacy of available vaccines. Furthermore, an evaluation of climatic changes and their influence on TBE incidence is discussed.
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Ecological Taxes
Czerny, Zdeněk ; Vítek, Leoš (advisor) ; Hammer, Jiří (referee)
Bachelor thesis "Ecological Taxes" is concerned with questions of a relation between economy and the environment and their mutual interaction. This thesis is diveded into two basic parts. The first part is about the theory of ecological taxes and the second part is an analysis of ecological taxes in selected tax systems. Conclusion of the thesis is dedicated to questions of international cooperation to reducing GHG.
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A study of the state of public opinion on the origin of anthropogenic climate change in selected groups
Horáková, Zuzana ; Syrovátka, Oldřich (advisor) ; Dvořák, Jiří (referee)
The aim of this Bachelor's thesis is to determine a degree of an importance, which the students of the FM VŠE as the future managers set down to a human influence in the changes of climate. I'm desribing both possible causes and effects of the changes of climate and abreast with it I mention some suitable preventive arrangements. I have analysed opinions of two groups of students in my thesis; which position about the human influce in this issue they assume; what is the source of their knowledge of the climate changes and how the opinions of these two groups differ from each other.
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Efforts of international organizations to solve climate changes issue
Michalec, Ivan ; Musil, Martin (advisor) ; Dvořák, Jiří (referee)
The Bachelor thesis research efforts of important international organizations which tend to solve climate changes issue within the frame of their agency. Thesis is devoted to theoretical description of climate changes issue and confrontation of different opinions on the origin of climate changes. The major part of thesis is devoted to international agreements, their efficiency, significancy and the problems connected to their origin.
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Natural disasters and coverage of their damages by commercial insurance with a focus on property insurance of individuals
Šteidlová, Alena ; Ducháčková, Eva (advisor) ; Daňhel, Jaroslav (referee)
The thesis deals with coverage of natural disaster damages by commercial insurance. A description of natural disasters and their possible occurrence mainly in our territory in association with climate changes as the factor causing increase in their number serve as an introduction. Starting from the impact on the world and the Czech insurance sector, where the thesis deals especially with floods in 1997 and 2002, it is getting on to the analysis of the offers presented by three largest Czech insurance companies. The analysis studies the floods in 1997 and 2002 in perspective with different high-risk flood areas specified in our country. The conclusion of the thesis proposes the ways describing how to deal with risks differently, without using the insurance. The proposal advises an insurer to use such methods as reinsurance or alternative risk transfer instruments.
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Flooding Risk and Ways to Eliminate Its Consequences
Kučera, Michal ; Ducháčková, Eva (advisor)
The first part of the paper focuses on the global warming effects on the extreme weather events frequency. The second part tries to specify the role of the critical institutions managing the flooding risk in the Czech Republic. The following chapters are all aimed at the fundamental questions of the paper: Insurability conditions, position of the individual insurance companies, necessity of the insurers - reinsurers cooperation and alternative risk transfer (ART) methods endeavouring to deepen the capacity of the traditional reinsurance markets.
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Klimatické změny a jejich vliv na pojišťovnictví
Landa, Josef ; Daňhel, Jaroslav (advisor)
Práce se zabývá klimatickými změnami a jejich možnými dopady jak na pojišťovnictví, tak i na jiné oblasti. Negativní dopady na pojišťovnictví mohou být především prostřednictvím zvýšujícího se počtu přírodních událostí a vzniku nových rizik. Práce analyzuje historii a současné trendy klimatických změn, perspektivy vývoje a možné nástroje pro přenos katastrofického rizika.
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