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Interactions between Schistosoma spp. and their hosts at the metabolome level
Kurečka, Martin ; Kameník, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Mikeš, Libor (referee)
The blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma are important parasites that cause serious chronic diseases in mammals, including humans, in tropical and subtropical countries. Treatment of these diseases is challenging; therefore, new molecular targets are still being sought for the development of vaccines and more effective drugs. To achieve this, better understanding of interactions between the parasite and the host at the molecular level is an important prerequisite. These processes can be studied by quantitative and qualitative determination of metabolite differences in healthy and infected individuals using metabolomics. The work represents a review of low molecular weight substances in tissues and body fluids of schistosome hosts, in which a change in concentration of metabolites putatively related to the infection was observed. Only metabolites with a hypothetical or known mechanism of these changes in the context of infection are covered. The thesis also includes a brief overview of basic methods of analytical chemistry, which are used in studies based on metabolomics. Key words: Schistosoma spp.; intermediate host; definitive host; spectrometry; metabolomics; low molecular compounds
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Methodology of plastic bookbindings survey in the modern library collection
Vávrová, Petra ; Neoralová, Jitka ; Novotná, Dana ; Šipošová, Nikola ; Sharai, Hanna ; Knotek, Vítězslav ; Komárek, Josef, ; Brožek, Jiří, ; Kalousková, Radka ; Malinová, Lenka
Cílem předložené metodiky je návodný postup, jak pomocí uvedených technik a metod získat informaci o složení a charakteru syntetických materiálů ve fondu, identifikovat druh materiálu a na základě informací z dalších zdrojů získat přehled o rizicích ovlivňující dobrý fyzický stav fondu. Získané informace umožní kvalifikovaně rozhodnout o způsobu další péče o tyto sbírky. Představená metodika je zaměřena na identifikaci druhů plastů vjemovou i instrumentální, která je nezbytná k eliminaci negativních důsledků degradace plastů v knižní vazbě.
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Raman spectroscopy teaching equipment
Indra, Zdeněk ; Sedlák, Petr (referee) ; Škarvada, Pavel (advisor)
This thesis examines the principle of the Raman phenomenon and the function of the Raman spectrometer in order to build a low-cost Raman spectrometer assembly for school laboratory teaching. The thesis lists the important parts of the device and describes their key features. Subsequently, the selection of each component is discussed and a basic experiment is performed to verify the principle of this spectrometer. In the final part, a low-cost Raman spectrometer is constructed and tested thanks to the knowledge gained.
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Studium složení třapin révy vinné
Šlorová, Kamila
Stem constitutes approximately from 3 to 5 percent of total weight of a grape. The chemical structure of stem is mainly related to a variety, habitat conditions and ripeness. Stem consists from 35 to 90 percent of water, it also consists of sugar, tartaric acid and malic acid, tannins and vegetable dyes. In the production proccess of making wine, stem is perceived only as a residual part and there is a fact often omitted that stem is not only an integral part of grapes but it is also an indicator to the presence of a disease on the Vitis vinifera. Although stems have a drainage effect, they are improper for the production of wine itself, because the green stems in the stum cause the objectionable taste of grass. The first part of the thesis contains the general informations about stem: its composition, detailed description of the most contained substances and possibilities of the use of stem as well. My thesis also contains of detailed descripted spectrometric and chromatografic analysis and results as a part of the conducted research on substances contained in stem. In the last part of the thesis there are proccesed facts using the search method. They are mainly derived from foreign literature and are divided to several chapters: comparison of the derived results with international studies, new technologies that evaluate the substances contained in stem and also the effects of stem on human health.
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Shielding and detection of neutrons
Černý, Tomáš ; Šťastný, Ondřej (referee) ; Katovský, Karel (advisor)
The master’s thesis provides an overview of available neutron sources in terms of neutron yields and energy spectrum of emitted neutrons. Reactions of neutrons with matter, especially neutron scattering and radiation capture, are described. The possibilities neutron neutron detection and spectrometry are also described. The following experiment deals with a design of suitable shielding materials and the analysis of the moderated energy spectrum of neutron flux. The properties of the neutron field were measured using detection by activation. Subsequently, a simulation of the problem was performer in the MCNP program. In the end, the achieved results are compared and evaluated.
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Comparison of Calibration Methods for Determination of Quinine in Beverages
Handlová, Zuzana ; Nesměrák, Karel (advisor) ; Kozlík, Petr (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to compare three calibration methods used for determination of quinine in beverages performed by two instrumental methods. As the calibration methods, calibration curve method, standard addition method and spike were chosen. As the instrumental methods, UV spectrometry and RP-HPLC with UV and fluorescence detection were chosen. The calibration methods were compared in terms of accuracy, precision, and time consumption. The instrumental methods were compared in terms of accuracy. Five different tonic waters were chosen as authentic samples. The most precise results were provided by the calibration curve method. In terms of accuracy it was not possible to determine the most accurate calibration method. Spike was the least time-consuming calibration method. HPLC was more accurate compared to spectrometry. Key words: analytical calibration, spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography, quinine
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Cs-137 content monitoring by spectrometric measurement in soil
LEPIČ, Daniel
The aim of the thesis is to compare the results from in situ spectrometry and laboratory determination of the area activity of Cs-137 in samples taken from uncultivated soils. To fulfil the goal, the research question has been determined: Are the results from in situ measurement of the area activity of Cs-137 in uncultivated soil comparable with the results from laboratory measurement of collected soil samples? The theoretical part of the work has been written based on research of book publications, foreign scientific articles and electronic sources, which deal with the issue of radioactivity and its impact on the environment and the principle of semiconductor gamma spectrometry. The practical part of the work deals with the spectrometric measurement using in situ method and the laboratory determination of the area activity of Cs-137 in the soil samples using a semiconductor gamma spectrometer. The measurement and the soil sampling took place in the territory of the Šumava National Park and its adjacent areas in Pilsen Region. There were selected five locations (Nová Hůrka, Prášily, Srní, Nový Brunst and Hadí vrh). By in situ spectrometric measurement the highest values were determined of the area activity of Cs-137 in the location Nová Hůrka (19526 Bq / m2) and the lowest in the location Hadí vrh (5398 Bq / m2). The spectrometric measurements of the soil samples in the laboratory revealed the highest values of the area activity of Cs-137 in the sample from the location Nová Hůrka (10000 Bq / m2) and the lowest values of Cs-137 in the location Hadí vrh (2060 Bq / m2). The contribution of this work is the comparison of in situ spectrometric measurement with the measurement of taken soil samples using the gamma semiconductor spectrometer. The results of this monitoring can provide data on the radiation situation in individual locations in Šumava. By the comparison of the results of the area activity of Cs-137, there has been found a correlation between in situ spectrometric measurements and the laboratory measurements of the soil samples. The results of the area activity of Cs-137 are in an order of magnitude comparable. The differences between the results are probably caused by the measurement conditions.
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An Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Airborne Radiometry
Dědek, Jiří ; Šálek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Matolín, Milan (referee)
This thesis deals with the use of Unmanned Aerial vehicles (UAV) in radiometric survey. The main goal of this work is to review characteristics of four selected UAV and parameters of employed detectors compared to the classical airborne and ground radiometric survey. Four selected UAV were assessed, hexacopter "Kingfisher" with the detector BGO (Bi4Ge3O12) of the volume 0,2 cm3 , the octocopter "Arducopter" with the 1 cm3 CTZ (CdZnTe) detector, helicopter "Yamaha RMAXG1" with 1,8 l NaI(Tl) detector and airship "ACC15X" with 2,7 l NaI(Tl) detector. Payload capacity, detector sensitivities, flight speed, flight altitude, endurance for one charged battery or full fuel tank and wind resistance were compared among the mini- airborne instruments. The estimation of UAV radiometric data quality was derived from the sensitivity of the detectors, the flight altitude and flight speed. Estimated UAV radiometric data quality was compared to classical airborne and ground typical radiometric data quality. Three selected UAV with a certain altitude and flight speed would achieve a comparable data quality as a classical airborne survey in the altitude of 80 m and flight speed of 50 m/s. Specifically it is hexacopter "Kingfisher" with a scintillation detector D230A at altitude of 40 m and speed of 1m/s, helicopter...
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Analytické metody pro stanovení sacharidů v moštu a víně
Jarůšková, Aneta
Literary part of this thesis introduces the readers with the chemical properties of carbohydrates, which are the most important for total characteristics of the wine. The most represented carbohydrates are glucose, fructose and sucrose. It summarized the distribution of analytical methods for determination of carbohydrates in must and wine. Based on studies there were presented trends which are in this area currently used and which lead to increasing efficiency for the determination of carbohydrates. In the experimental part was for determine the reducing sugars in the two samples of white wine used two titration methods. Analysis of samples was also determined by spectrometric instrument ALPHA. Methods were compared from the aspects of accuracy, difficulty, time demands and financial costs associated with their application based on the experiment and knowledge of the literature.
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Analysis of Historical Pharmaceutical Preparations Containing Alkaloids, Sulphonamide, Derivatives of Barbituric Acid, and Derivative of Pyrazolone
Kudláček, Karel ; Nesměrák, Karel (advisor) ; Bosáková, Zuzana (referee)
Pharmaceutical preparations of quinine (injection solutions), sulfanilamide, aminophenazone, barbital (tablets), caffeine, phenobarbital (dragee), and theophylline (suppositories) about seventy years old were analyzed using RP-HPLC. Samples were quantified by HPLC-UV and UV-spectrophotometry. Products of degradation were identified using HPLC-UV and HPLC-MS. Conditions of separation were optimized. The samples of quinine injection solutions consist of 92% or 87% of declared quinine content. Quinotoxine has been identified as the product of quinine degradation. The quantification of theophylline in suppositories and caffeine in dragee did not show any degradation after more than 67 years from their manufacturing. Decrase of potent amount (decrase about 8-22 %) were found in drugs containing sulfanilamide, barbital, phenobarbital and aminophenazone. Products of degradation of these pharmaceuticals were not found.
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