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Zhodnocení detekce gravidity ovcí s určováním počtu plodů
Ingerlová, Rozálie
This thesis explains method of fertility evaluation of sheep and describes fertility indicators of reproductive performance of ewes and rams. Furthermore, it dedicates to the problematics of pregnancy detection in sheep breeding and aims at the determination of foetal count as a factor, which should set down the process of handling ewes during gestation. The thesis also describes a variety of different methods used for pregnancy detection and evaluates the practicality and simplicity of its usage. In the end, the thesis shows the advantages of detection of the litter size as well as detection of gestation in general. The results of gestational detection of the zwartbles ewes in Mohelno are included. It is considered that the most effective and practical method of gravidity detection together with the counting of foetuses is ultrasound scanning. According to the foetal number and the date of conception, it is possible to adjust management of the sheep farming for more efficient nutrition depending on the litter size. Moreover, it is easier to plan the other farm work such as lambing and treatment of the newborn lambs thanks to this information.
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Anatomical variants of ligamentum tibiotalare anterius shown by sonography in healthy vollunteers: descriptive cross-sectional study
Podlipný, Ota ; Girsa, David (advisor) ; Mrzílková, Jana (referee)
Title: Anatomical variants of ligamentum tibiotalare anterius shown by sonography in healthy volunteers:descriptive cross-sectional study The main objective: The main goal of the work was to find out if the ligamentum tibiotalare anterius has anatomical variants that can be visualized by ultrasonography in an asymptomatic healthy population. Another goal was to determine the dimensions of the ligament in our observed group and find out if there is a correlation between exercise history, limb dominance and ligament construction. Methods: 25 probands from among students of the 3rd Faculty of Medicine of the Charles University participated in the study. All were gradually examined using high-frequency ultrasonography at the Department of radiology and nuclear medicine 3.LF UK under the supervision of the clinic's experts. All participants were further subjected to a questionnaire survey, which was then compared together with the measured data. Resoults: The study showed that anatomical variants in the structure of the LTTA are relatively common in the general asymptomatic population. We discovered possible correlations with leg domination and gender differences in ligament structure. Key words: medial ankle, ligamentum tibiotalare anterior, ultrasonography, examination, anatomical variants, dominant leg
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Image segmentation of ultrasound images
Schwarzerová, Jana ; Odstrčilík, Jan (referee) ; Mézl, Martin (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with basic description of ultrasonography, principles of contrast-enhanced imaging and application of segmentation methods in ultrasound problematics. Some individual methods were implemented in Matlab, version R2015b. Algorithms were tested on synthetic images data, on ultrasound phantom images data and on real ultrasound images. Then the thesis was extended by ultrasound sequences segmentation.
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Hydrogel fantoms in ultrasonic diagnostic
Chovancová, Aneta ; Sovová, Šárka (referee) ; Hurčíková, Andrea (advisor)
This Bachelor thesis is interested in hydrogel phantoms made from gelatin, agar and agarosa. The effect of food foil on the essential properties of gel matrixes such as drying and moulding has been investigated. These properties were investigated visually and gravimetrically. The speed of prepared gel matrixes was measured using high resolution ultrasonic spectroscopy depending on concentration. In the work, I follow up on the already performed Bachelor thesis [1], where gel matrices were measured in the environment of air and water. My gel matrices are dispensed to the machine's cell in a liquid state. Depending on the material used and the method of use of the food foil, gel matrixes prepared for visual and gravimetric evaluation from agar with a concentration of 3 % and 5 % without foil and with foil on the bottom were found to have a longer shelf life than other samples with the same use of foil. Gel matrixes of all three substances and all concentrations covered with food foil are able to last up to 20 days without massive drying and mould formation. The result of measuring the relative ultrasonic velocity of the hydrogels produced was found to increase the rate of spread of ultrasound for all measured substances as the concentration increased.
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Solubilization in sonographic systems
Überall, Martin ; Klučáková, Martina (referee) ; Mravec, Filip (advisor)
The aim of this thesis was to determine the solubilizing capacity of microbubbles based on SonoVue®, and phospholipids SonoVue® is made of, by using the UV-VIS spectrophotometry. The concentrations of solubilized substances within these systems was further determined. In particular, the properties of natrium dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerole and distearoyl¬phosphatidylcholine were investigated. The microbubbles were produced using these phospholipids with the addition of polyethyleneglycol and palmitic acid. The solubilizing capacity was determined using hydrophobic solutes Sudan Red G, Oil Red O, 4-Di-2-Asp and Nile Red in order to obtain a model system of solubilized drugs or other hydrophobic substances. The behavior of solutes in phospholipids and our prepared microbubbles were examined in a moderately polar medium – physiological saline solution (0.15 M NaCl). The vizualization of prepared microbubbles was performed using optical and fluorescence microscopy. 4-Di-2-Asp, as a fluorescence probe, was not suitable for microbubble vizualization. The size of microbubbles that were produced during the experiment was almost the same as the size of microbubbles of commercially made SonoVue®. The concentration of solubilized hydrophobic solutes inside the liposomes of phospholipids ranged from tens to hundreds of micromoles per liter. With increasing concentration of phospholipids the concentration of solubilized solutes also increased. The results of this experiment can be used for further research focused on the solubilization of drugs in microbubbles, and contrast agents which are used in ultrasonography.
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Modelling for ultrasound perfusion imaging
Hracho, Michal ; Šikner, Tomáš (referee) ; Mézl, Martin (advisor)
This thesis deals with the possibilities of determining perfusion parameters of vascular system, using contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging, which is non-invasive method. Properties of ultrasonography and use of contrast agents are briefly summarized. The methods selected for perfusions analysis were Bolus-tracking¬¬, Burst-replenishment and both of them combined – Bolus&Burst. Parametric models based on these methods were created for modelling an approximation of set perfusion parameters with the use of blind deconvolution.
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Breast cancer - women's awareness of secondary prevention options
Košáková, Dominika ; Černý, Andrej (advisor) ; Laštůvka, Zdeněk (referee)
The topic of this bachelor thesis is breast cancer, which is one of the most common cancers in women from the Czech Republic. This thesis includes theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part was focused on the description of the issues related to breast cancer. Initially, it guides the reader through the anatomy and development of the female breast. The following chapters then introduce the reader to the different types of breast disease, either benign or malignant. Risk factors, symptoms of the disease, and current methods of diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are also described. The last chapter elaborates on primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of breast cancer. In the practical part, two main objectives have been set. The first was to find out what is the awareness of women about secondary prevention and the second was to find out whether women are actively involved in it. These two objectives were further explored through nine sub-objectives. The research investigation was carried out using an anonymous, quantitative questionnaire survey conducted at the Gynaecology and Obstetrics Clinic of the First Faculty of Medicine of the Charles University in Prague. Data collection at the clinic took place from 1 November 2022 to 31 March 2023 and was carried out using a...
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