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Bearings for large scale applications
Herník, Martin ; Šperka, Petr (referee) ; Michalec, Michal (advisor)
Bearings are currently an indispensable part of industrial machines, that carry out rotational or translational motion. This bachelor's thesis discusses the use cases of bearings for large-scale applications such as wind propellers, space telescopes and many other examples in various areas of industry. At the beginning, individual types and types of bearings are divided. The largest part is devoted to the description of the use of individual types of bearings about their presence in large machines. In the final part, the design and clear division of suitable types of bearings for a specific applications is carried out.
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Device for Measurement of MacPherson Strut Friction
Čapek, Štěpán ; Blaťák, Ondřej (referee) ; Hejtmánek, Petr (advisor)
This thesis focuses on the development of a device for measuring friction in a MacPherson strut. The thesis describes the mechanical friction that arises in the contacts of individual parts of the strut. It also includes a description of the MacPherson suspension and its comparison with other types of wheel suspensions, quantification of the forces acting on the strut during standard vehicle operation, and, last but not least, the design of a device for measuring increased friction in the strut when it is subjected to lateral force. The conclusion of the thesis describes the results of FEM (Finite Element Method) calculations of stress and deformation of the device, which verify the final design.
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Effect of surface roughness on lubrication of plain bearings
Vaněk, Tomáš ; Hartl, Martin (referee) ; Šperka, Petr (advisor)
This work investigates the influence of surface roughness on the lubrication of axial hydrodynamic bearings with convergent wedge gaps. It focuses on situations where operational conditions allow for full separation of surfaces by the lubricating film, as well as the transition to mixed lubrication. The aim is to understand the impact of surface roughness on the hydrodynamic lubrication process and whether their proper selection can affect the friction and load-carrying capacity of the bearing. Experimental measurements are used to determine the influence of parameters, where the thickness of the lubricating film is captured through fluorescence microscopy, along with the friction force at the contact between the pin and the test sample. The samples form a wedge gap with a rotating saphire disk, and the investigated surface roughness parameters include orientation, height Sq, and skewness Ssk (i.e., the relative ratio of depressions and protrusions). According to the obtained results, the orientation, height, and shape of roughness are key factors influencing hydrodynamic lubrication. However, the orientation alone does not determine the contact behavior, and additional roughness parameters must be considered for a complete understanding of the phenomenon. Increasing surface roughness negatively affects lubrication, but the proper combination of Ssk and orientation can minimize this effect. This work represents one of the first experimental measurements examining the influence of surface roughness on hydrodynamic lubrication. The findings have applications not only in plain bearings, but also in other components such as wet couplings or other sliding interfaces using hydrodynamic lubrication.
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An investigation of friction and lubrication of coated hip joint replacement
Balcárek, Ondřej ; Horák, Zdeněk (referee) ; Nečas, David (advisor)
The thesis focused on studying the effects of a new hydrogel coating and material combinations on the coefficient of friction and formation of lubricating film in the conformal contact of hip joint replacement. Experiments were conducted using a ball-on-cup configuration with a hip pendulum simulator. The formation of the lubricating film was observed using fluorescence microscopy. The results showed that the application of the coating did not have a clear impact on the coefficient of friction. However, for pairs with a coated cup, there was a reduction in CoF by approximately 20%. Generally, lower friction was observed when using a ceramic joint head. Surprisingly, even more interesting results were obtained in the lubrication analysis, where the use of metal heads led to a reduction in the thickness of the lubricating layer. Ceramic pairs exhibited very stable behavior. In addition to friction and lubrication, the topography of the implants was further evaluated, and their wettability was analysed. Although the polymer coating was expected to be highly hydrophilic, the surface properties were only slightly influenced, which partly explains why there was no significant improvement in the tribological behavior of the replacement. As the coating applied is already patented and its effectiveness in reducing wear has been clearly demonstrated, it is appropriate to investigate this issue further, with more attention being paid to long-term experiments. Based on the obtained data, it appears that the short-term benefits of the coating are practically negligible. However, it is important to highlight that, except for minor exceptions, the application of the coating did not lead to a deterioration of properties, which is a significant outcome of this work.
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Using of detonation nanodiamond in tribology research field
Mauer, Milan ; Křupka, Ivan (referee) ; Svoboda, Petr (advisor)
The main objective of this bachelor thesis is to give a general knowledge about nanodiamonds, which are chipped off during the explosions diamonds. These particles are used as additions in lubricating preparations to decrease the friction. Bachelor thesis summarizes the basic characteristics, methods of manufacture and application nanodiamonds in practice. Part of this thesis is dedicated to theoretical and detailed descriptions of procedures and experimental results in nanodiamonds field of study. Another part describes different types of nanoparticles, used for the same purpose as nanodiamonds. The final part sums up the advantages of nanoparticles and its purpose for experimental or practical usage.
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The effect of surface modification of acetabular cup on friction coefficient of hip implant
Cahová, Aneta ; Valena, Martin (referee) ; Nečas, David (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis is focused on limited longevity of hip joint replacements. In order to extend the longevity of replacements effect of microtexture application on surface of artificial acetabulum cup on coefficient of friction was investigated. Attention was paid to composition of model synovial fluid and geometry and layout of texture. For joint simulation, a pendulum hip joint simulator was employed. In first part three femoral heads, two acetabulum cups and five fluids were tested, respectively two heads, four acetabulum cups and one fluid in second part. Significant effect of fluid composition and geometry and layout of texture was observed during measurement. Compared smooth and textured cup the highest decline of friction was 78 %. Results can be used for further research of micortextures. Friction reduction and prolonging lifespan of implants may eventually improve life quality of many patients.
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Cranktrain with High Mechanical Efficiency
Krajči, Jakub ; Raffai, Peter (referee) ; Novotný, Pavel (advisor)
This master's thesis is concerned with the mechanical efficiency of cranktrain contact pairs in a combustion engine. In the introductory part, the fundamental terminology relating to the cranktrain is presented along with the specification of the areas of mechanical losses, greasing modes and types of wear. The following chapters describe the possibilities of eliminating mechanical losses of the cranktrain and the calculation methods that can be utilized to mathematically solve mechanical losses. The practical part includes the proposal of a calculation model and its use in the analysis of the cranktrain of Skoda 1.2 HTP engine. The last part of this thesis comprises modified alternatives of the standard cranktrain focusing on the elimination of mechanical losses. The evaluation of the results is presented in the conclusion of this thesis.
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Analysis of friction of hip joint replacements with modification of surface topography
Němeček, Daniel ; Quinn, Cheney (referee) ; Nečas, David (advisor)
Hip endoprosthesis introduces an effective treatment for patients suffering from advanced stages of hip degeneration. Despite the advancements made in recent years, limited longevity negatively affects the application of this technology in young patients. The main mechanism which causes limited longevity is wear, which depends on the friction and lubrication of the joint. This thesis aims to observe the effect of a textured surface on a UHMWPE polyethylene cup combined with a smooth femoral head as a solution, which may reduce the friction and wear of the contact surfaces. Two textured cups and three smooth femoral heads were used in the experiment (ceramic, metal, oxinium). The results showed that the textured surface has a positive effect on both reducing friction and providing more stability with the use of synovial fluid. A significant reduction in friction is observed for the surface with smaller dimples rather than for the surface with larger ones. Specifically, the combination of a ceramic femoral head and a finely dimpled surface resulted in the reduction of friction by 66 %. Attention was also paid to the effect of the load on the hip. In most cases, the load did not significantly impact the results. It can be assumed that reducing the friction at the joint leads to the reduction of the rate of wear, thus increasing the implant longevity.
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The effect of proteins on friction of artificial articular cartilage
Plachý, Tomáš ; Nečas, David (referee) ; Rebenda, David (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the influence of the composition of synovial fluid on the coefficient of friction of artificial cartilage. The effect of protein concentration and their combination with other components of synovial fluid on the coefficient of friction of CD hydrogels simulating artificial cartilage is observed. All experiments were performed at a constant load of 10 N, speed 10 mm / s, temperature 37 ° C. In experiments investigating the effect of a combination of hyaluronic acid and phospholipids together with proteins, concentrations corresponding to a healthy individual were used. In experiments where the effect of the proteins themselves and their own combinations was investigated, concentrations corresponding to both a healthy individual and patients with advanced osteoarthritis or patients with aseptic release of the prosthesis were used. The work shows that when using the proteins alone, or their combination, there is a decrease in concentration of friction coefficient with increasing concentration. However, if hyaluronic acid alone or phospholipids alone is added to the protein, the coefficient of friction increases. The reduction occurs only after the addition of the combination of acid and phospholipid.
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Measurement of internal combustion engine performance on a chassis dynamometer
Farka, Jan ; Ramík, Pavel (referee) ; Štětina, Josef (advisor)
Since the beginning of the automotive industry, a lot of years have passed and the characteristics of vehicles and all its components, especially the engine, are being given greater and greater emphasis both in terms of safety, performance and ecology. The performance of the internal combustion engine, along with a number of other vehicle features, is measured on chassis dynamometers. The aim of the thesis is to describe and analyse the dynamometers produced, the tests performed on them and also to measure the performance of the internal combustion engine on the chassis dynamometer. In conclusion, the assessment of the impact of tests on the automotive industry is just mentioned.
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