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Dostatečnost nutričního vyživení v domovech pro seniory
VOŠTOVÁ, Tereza
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue "Sufficiency of nutritional nutrition in homes for the elderly". The nutritional status of the elderly in homes for the elderly is not at a high level and is not adequately assessed by the nursing staff. Inadequate nutrition has many consequences and affects the overall health of the elderly, and the causes of inadequate nutrition are controllable. The nutrition of the elderly has its own specificities and should be accepted in the provision of their nutrition. The bachelor thesis consists of theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part deals with old age, nutrition and standards of homes for the elderly. The practical part dealt with research on these objectives. To map the nutritional adequacy of the diet of the clients of the old age homes and to find out the status of the meals taken outside the diet given by the institution. A qualitative survey was used to achieve the objectives of the work. The research investigation was conducted in the form of semi-structured interviews, using questionnaire method. Sixteen clients from the home for the elderly participated in the research investigation. The interviews were recorded using pencil-paper method and transcribed. The research investigation revealed that the elderly homes do not prepare food that meets the nutritional recommendations for the elderly. Two research questions were used to reach this conclusion, the answers to which led me to the stated facts that the majority of respondents did not reach their recommended energy intake, yet the food consumed outside the home on average accounted for only 13 % of total energy intake. The presence of a nutritional therapist in the nursing team is not common practice. Based on my findings, I would recommend that a nutritional therapist be part of the nursing team in nursing homes for the elderly.
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Nutritional status of patients with acute leukemia during the oncological treatment
Kupilíková, Veronika ; Šťastná-Marková, Markéta (advisor) ; Křížová, Jarmila (referee)
Acute leukemia is defined as a heterogeneous group of malignant hematopoietic stem cell disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which nutritional disorders occur in patients with acute leukemia during the cancer treatment, their severity, the most common causes of weight loss, and the extent to which different forms of nutritional intervention are applied in patients. The research was carried out in the Institute of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, during the hospitalization of patients in the inpatient ward, intensive care unit and transplant unit. The study population consisted of 40 patients diagnosed with acute leukemia. Outcomes from nutritional status screening (MNA questionnaire, BMI, weight, mid arm circumference, calf circumference, BIA, biochemical nutritional parameters), and functional assessment (ECOG PS, Chair-stand test, Hand grip test) were used to process the practical part and answer the research questions. Measurements were performed twice with approximately one month intervals. The study confirmed weight loss since the onset of the disease in 95 % of patients. The dominant cause of weight loss was identified in 80 % as lack of appetite. Nutritional screening by MNA evaluated the patient population with a mean score of 22,8 ± 2,9, referring to the risk...
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Dietary preferences of hospitalized patients in the palliative care department
MATOUŠKOVÁ, Tereza
My Bachelor thesis called "Dietary preferences of hospitalised patients in the palliative care department" is divided into two main parts, the theoretical part and practical part. The main goal of the bachelor thesis was to discover the dietary preferences of patients in the palliative department and to evaluate whether the menu that was designed based on the patients' dietary preferences corresponds to their nutritional needs. The theoretical part is focused on older adults and physiological changes caused by ageing, nutrition of the elderly, the most common diseases in old age and possible varieties of assessment of the nutritional status of the elderly. The practical part focused on mapping the dietary preferences of patients in the palliative unit. I investigated how patients would imagine the food served in the hospital. A quantitative data collection method was used in the research through a self-constructed questionnaire. The last question concerned the construction of an ideal diet according to the patient. Furthermore, the practical part includes analysing the data obtained from the questionnaires part of which was an analysis of the ideal menus from the respondents and the menus that the patients received in the particular hospitals. I processed the obtained data using Microsoft Excel and Nutriservis professional. I found that the patients are mostly satisfied with their diet from the evaluated data. However, their diet often lacks fruits and vegetables, milk and dairy products, fish, eggs and sauces. They tend to prefer hot dinners, and the ideal time to serve dinners is between 17:00 and 18:00. In addition, patients prefer savoury dishes to sweet ones and quite often do not eat the whole portion. When analysing the diets, the most common problem was with protein. In some cases, there was its excess and sometimes a deficiency. Usually, it was necessary to reduce some protein sources and add more carbohydrates or replace sweet dishes, with a better protein source.
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Eating habits and behaviors of Czech adolescents in relation to their body weight
Paterová, Zuzana ; Hlavatá, Karolína (advisor) ; Vašíčková, Jitka (referee)
The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has reached pandemic proportions nowadays. Obese individuals are at risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, musculoskeletal diseases, etc. Children increasingly live a sedentary lifestyle and consume high-energy food with poor combination of nutrients. In the Czech Republic, however, there exist no comprehensive structure for the fight against child obesity and a lack of meaningful data on the prevalence of obesity in adolescent population. This work is drawn up under the project COPAT. The bachelor's thesis deals with the issue of basic nutrients and their relationship to weight, dietary recommendations for adolescents, the assessment of nutritional status, etiology of obesity and obesity-related complications. The main emphasis is placed on the practical part, which focuses on results of the research, which provides information about dietary habits and behaviour of 100 adolescents in relation to their body weight. Key words: obesity, nutrition, nutritional status, adolescents, health risks
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Nutritional status of patients with osteoporosis
Šimková, Simona ; Zikán, Vít (advisor) ; Michalská, Dana (referee)
This diploma focuses on the topic of nutritional status of patients with osteoporosis. The thesis is divided in two parts. In the first part, the theoretical part I focus on osteoporosis as the definition of the disease, epidemiology and etiology. Clinical manifestations of the disease, methods of diagnosis and treatment are also mentioned. An important part of the thesis is a description of the risk factors and especially the specification of the nutritional aspects of osteoporosis. The nutrients which are connected or could be connected to the disease are also described. Additionally, the influence of physical activity and smoking is mentioned. The last part is focused on the evaluation of the nutritional status. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the nutrition status of patients with osteoporosis. Few steps were carried out to achieve the target of the thesis. First, the theoretical part was written according to the published bibliography, then the research was performed. The research was attended by 60 women patients from osteological ambulatory in Prague and České Budějovice. The research has several parts that are consequently evaluated. Specifically, a short questionnaire concentrating on the intake of calcium or movement activity of the respondents was made. Another part was a frequency...
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Changes in nutritional status during high-dose chemotherapy in selected hematooncological diseases
Křivánková, Jana ; Szotkowski, Tomáš (advisor) ; Káňová, Marcela (referee)
Hematooncological diseases are often accompanied by dietary restriction, especially in cytotoxic therapy. The main purpose of the work was to assess the effect of high-dose chemotherapy on the change of nutritional status in two groups of hematooncological patients. A total of 16 patients were enrolled. Changes of the body composition were evaluated using bioelectrical impedance analysis supplemented by monitoring of biochemical nutritional indicators. Observations showed that in both groups the majority lost weight. In the first group of eight patients with acute myeloid leukemia observed during three consecutive hospitalizations, the median of change of body weight was -3.7 kg (-4.3%). Loss of lean body mass with a median value of -4.8 kg (-7.2%) was detected at all patients. Body fat was reduced at half of the patients. In some cases, with length of observation, there was an increase in fat mass along with visceral fat. In the second group, which included eight patients (after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation) at whom one hospitalization was evaluated, body weight was reduced at six patients. The medianof change of body weight was -2.1 kg (-2.3%). At five patients, the treatment representeda loss of active metabolic mass. The change of the weight of the lean body mass was shown...
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Nutritional status of patients hospitalized for diabetic foot syndrome - retrospective analysis
Horáková, Markéta ; Gojda, Jan (advisor) ; Krauzová, Eva (referee)
Diabetic foot syndrome is a serious chronic complication of diabetes mellitus, caused by a number of factors such as neuropathy, angiopathy, infection, and above all, this syndrome is consequence of a poor diabetes compensation and cardiovascular risk factors. It is characterized by particularly impaired wound healing and a higher tendency to chronicity, which can often be a reason for disability of the patient. Nutrition plays a very important role in a patient hospitalized with diabetic foot syndrome, as adequate coverage of energy and nutritional needs is essential for successful treatment and healing of ulcers. The theoretical part of this diploma thesis first mentions diabetes mellitus, its basic characteristics and briefly describes the types of diabetes that are associated with diabetic foot syndrome. Acute and chronic complications of diabetes are also discussed, followed by a more extensive chapter on the diabetic foot syndrome itself. This is the very definition of the term, epidemiology, pathogenesis, classification, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of this syndrome. The last chapter deals briefly with general nutritional recommendations for diabetics and the nutritional status of patients in which they are most often found when they are admitted to hospital, which is malnutrition,...
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Nutritional and functional status of clients living in homes for the elderly
Dvořáková, Tereza ; Vágnerová, Tereza (advisor) ; Mádlová, Pavla (referee)
Objectives: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the nutritional status and physical performance of the individuals over 65 years living in home for the elderly and as the main research question to assess whether there is a correlation between impaired nutritional status and worsened physical performance in older adults. Also tests whether the unwanted weight loss for the last 3 month affects impaired results in a standardized SPPB test and handgrip test. And finally, verify whether the optimal BMI valided for the elderly predispozes a good physical performance and considered as a protective factor in case of frailty - on functional status. Methods: The research was executed by a quantitative method with the investigation of respondents as a data collection technique. To elaborate the practical part and answer the research questions were used outputs from nutritional status testing (BMI, nutritional status according to MNA-FF, SMI) and functional evaluation (dynamometry, SPPB battery). The results of these variables diagnosed seniors in the norm, at risk and with pathology. Results: The resulting research sample consisted of 40 seniors, of whom 29 were women (72,5 %) and 11 were men (27,5 %). The normal nutritional status was found in the majority of participants - 67,5 %, the risk...
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Quality of life and development of nutritional status of patiens on home parenteral nutrition
Vítková, Martina ; Křížová, Jarmila (advisor) ; Trachta, Pavel (referee)
My Bachelor thesis focuses on life quality evaluation and nutritional status development in patients on a home parenteral nutrition (HPN). Theoretical part focuses on general information about patient examination after their arrival in a hospital. It further focuses on indication, division, composition and complications of parenteral nutrition and it gives a brief summary of basic knowledge about parenteral nutrition applied in home environment. HPN is most often recommended in patients with short bowel syndrom, ileus or some oncological diseases. The main expected benefit of HPN is an option for the patient to persist at home surrounded by family as opposed to being in a hospital. Even though HPN still comes with many complications, these patients still have a chance to live a relatively normal life. Two goals were set to evaluate the practical part of the thesis. First goal is to assesses the quality of life of patients on HPN and to determine whether the quality of life is changed and if so then how. Second goal is to describe the change of nutritional status in patients on home parenteral nutrition. These goals were achieved by using research questions focused on determining patient's feelings, health complications, ability to take part in physical activity and to integrate back into their work...
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Nutritional status of patients with osteoporosis
Šimková, Simona ; Zikán, Vít (advisor) ; Michalská, Dana (referee)
This diploma focuses on the topic of nutritional status of patients with osteoporosis. The thesis is divided in two parts. In the first part, the theoretical part I focus on osteoporosis as the definition of the disease, epidemiology and etiology. Clinical manifestations of the disease, methods of diagnosis and treatment are also mentioned. An important part of the thesis is a description of the risk factors and especially the specification of the nutritional aspects of osteoporosis. The nutrients which are connected or could be connected to the disease are also described. Additionally, the influence of physical activity and smoking is mentioned. The last part is focused on the evaluation of the nutritional status. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the nutrition status of patients with osteoporosis. Few steps were carried out to achieve the target of the thesis. First, the theoretical part was written according to the published bibliography, then the research was performed. The research was attended by 60 women patients from osteological ambulatory in Prague and České Budějovice. The research has several parts that are consequently evaluated. Specifically, a short questionnaire concentrating on the intake of calcium or movement activity of the respondents was made. Another part was a frequency...
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