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Threats to Chosen Locality by Surface Runoff, Water Erosion, and Surface Water Pollutants
Buršík, Lukáš ; Dumbrovský, Miroslav ; Sobotková, Veronika ; Kulihová, Martina ; Pavlíková, Marcela
This paper aims to provide information about threats to a chosen locality in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic, specifically focusing on surface runoff and water erosion. The geographic information system ArcGIS Pro was primarily used for the analysis. This paper also deals with contamination of surface water by pollutants which are produced by an agricultural company in the locality. For this reason, water samples were taken from a stream and subsequently analysed in a chemical laboratory. In terms of soils erosion proneness, it was discovered that most of the area consists of unthreatened soils. Regarding the chemical analysis of surface water, it was found that the results obtained are affected by the season of the sampling (wet or dry) in terms of water volume in the stream.
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Dissolved and gaseous nitrogen losses in forests controlled by soil nutrient stoichiometry
Oulehle, Filip ; Chuman, T. ; Hruška, Jakub ; Krám, Pavel ; Navrátil, Tomáš ; Tesař, Miroslav ; Ač, Alexander ; Urban, Otmar
This study investigates the consequences of chronic nitrogen deposition in forests, including its effects on soil and surface water quality, and greenhouse gas emissions. To predict these effects, the authors explore the controls over dissolved and gaseous nitrogen fluxes in temperate forests. Their findings indicate that stream leaching losses of dissolved nitrogen correspond with the nutrient stoichiometry\nof the forest floor, with stream N losses increasing as ecosystems progress towards phosphorus limitation. Soil nitrogen storage increases with oxalate extractable iron and aluminium content. The authors estimate soil gaseous losses based on 15 N stocks, which averaged 2.5±2.2 kg N ha-1 year-1 , comprising 20±14% of total nitrogen deposition. They also extrapolate the current gaseous nitrogen loss flux from forests globally to be 8.9 Tg N year-1 , which represents 39% of current nitrogen deposition to forests worldwide.
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Eutrophication of water reservoirs
Kukol, Jan ; Bartoníčková, Eva (referee) ; Biela, Renata (advisor)
The first part of this thesis is focused on general explanation of eutrophication, its causes and consequences. The possible solutions of eutrophication are discussed briefly and a few examples of eutrophic reservoirs in the Czech Republic are added. The second part of this thesis is focused on ongoing modifications of water reservoir Brno and finally the effectiveness of measures are being compared.
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Design of WWTP at locality with extreme demands on quality of treated wastewater
Krupica, Radek ; Vachovec, Roman (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the wastewater treatment technologies by means of which high quality of the treated wastewater is attained, especially with regard to removing nutrients. The introduction of the thesis contains, among others, descriptions of the reserves in the Czech Republic where it is extremely important to insist on the highest quality of the discharged wastewaters. Then follows a summary of the quality requirements on the discharged wastewaters as stipulated in the legislation. Furthermore, I analyse the impact of the nutrients – nitrogen and phosphorus – on the environment and the principles of their removal from the wastewaters. In the next section I concentrate on the technological processes by means of which the required quality of the wastewater is achieved. The conclusion includes a list of technologies used as the tertiary wastewater treatments with emphasis on membrane technologies. The second part of my thesis is a study of a project of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with membrane technology for the villages of Sloup and Šošůvka located within the protected landscape area of Moravian Karst.
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The Study of Intensification of the Constructed Treatment Wetland for the Village of Machová
Zedník, Ondřej ; Pumprlová Němcová, Miroslava (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
The village Machová (650 inhabitants) operates a combined sewage system which leads to a treatment wetland. This wastewater treatment plant faces similar problems like most of treatment wetlands from the turn of the last century - it has a low efficiency of the removal of ammonia nitrogen N-NH4 + which causes a negative impact on the watercourses and the environment. The study deals with the technical modification of the operating line which would eliminate the abovementioned problems and solves the sludge treatment in treatment plant. Population growth in the village connected with the construction of sanitary sewer will cause high concentrations of pollution in the inflow. The proposed modification uses the latest scientific knowledge and proven technologies which were created by the Institute of Landscape Water Management. These technologies will secure the low effluent concentrations of monitored parameters not only today but also in case the population of the village will grow.
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The strength of soldered joints on ceramic substrates
Jansa, Vojtěch ; Nicák, Michal (referee) ; Adámek, Martin (advisor)
This thesis deals with problematic of lead – free soldering and consequent testing of mechanical characteristics of solder joints. The theoretical part is focused on various types of lead – free solders, influence of protective atmosphere on the solders characteristics and mechanical testing of solder joints. Basic materials and thick - films making technology is mentioned. Practical part contains a design of topology that was used for mechanical strength testing of solder joints connecting SMD component and ceramic substrate. Properties of lead – free solder pastes was investigated on various concentrations of O2 and compared with lead soldering paste.
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Investigation of Reliability for Solder Joints in Nitrogen Atmosphere
Šefara, Petr ; Otáhal, Alexandr (referee) ; Szendiuch, Ivan (advisor)
This thesis examines the inuence of nitrogen atmosphere on the quality of the solder joint lead-free solder paste. For the solder paste were measured and set temperature proles. Thesis includes the implementation and measurement of samples in a protective nitrogen atmosphere and without a protective atmosphere. These measurements are compared, and the conclusions were drawn for the inuence of nitrogen atmosphere. The reliability and the quality of the soldered joints were investigated.
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Pollution of karst watercourses in Říčka river basin
Chlopčíková, Anna ; Tůma, RNDr Antonín (referee) ; Malá, Jitka (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis is focused on the monitoring of pollution parameters in the Moravian Karst area, sampling and the analyses of samples once every 4 weeks. In total, 9 water samples were taken from 8 sampling points. Flow rate, temperature, conductivity, concentration of dissolved oxygen and pH value were measured at each sampling point. Afterwards, content of suspended solids, CODcr, BOD5, ammonia (N-NH4), nitrites (N-NO2), nitrates (N-NO3), organic nitrogen (Norg) and total phosphorus (Ptot) were determined in the samples. At the end of the thesis, the obtained results were compared with each other and with the values stipulated by Government Decree No. 401/2015 Coll. The parameters were processed into tables that provide an overview of average, minimum, and maximum values on each of the sampling points. These tables indicate values that exceed the limits set by the legislation. Also, the change of parameters in time and along the river flow was evaluated from the measured values.
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Characterization of microwave plasma jet generated in argon-nitrogen mixtures
Truchlá, Darina ; Mazánková, Věra (referee) ; Krčma, František (advisor)
This thesis is concerned with influence of nitrogen admixture to non-thermal microwave plasma jet generated in argon flow at atmospheric pressure. Non-thermal plasma can be used in more biomedical applications such cancer treatment, blood coagulation, sterilization etc. It is necessary to know the changes of plasma composition and its parameters in dependence nitrogen concentration to avoid potentional damages of the treated tissue. Plasma jet was characterized by optical emission spectroscopy along its axis. Electron, vibrational and rotational temperatures were calculated from intensities of the selected spectral lines and bands emitted by particles generated in plasma. The results show increase of the nitric oxide concentration followed by the increase UVC radiation. Temperature of the neutral gas increase too, but not so much and thus jet with nitrogen addition can be still used for the treatment of thermosensitive materials such as human tissue. Study of the sterilization effect of microwave plasma generated in argon-nitrogen mixtures is still under progress. Some of the results obtained during this thesis were included in the paper submitted into Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics.
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Removal of phosphorus in denitrifying bioreactor
Chlopčíková, Anna ; Hrich, Karel (referee) ; Malá, Jitka (advisor)
Nitrogen and phosphorus are involved in many processes on the Planet Earth. Especially in agricultural areas water is contaminated by nutrients, which can cause the eutrophication of surface waters, and other problems. The solution could be use of denitrifying bioreactors, which are used for the reduction of high nitrate concentrations in shallow groundwaters. The subject of the thesis was the study of phosphorus removal in the denitrification bioreactor by steel turnings, which are constituent part of the organic load of the bioreactor. Steel turnings release Fe, which causes the precipitation and adsorption of P. Eight bioreactors were filled with poplar woodchips. To these columns just above the surface were added model water enriched with nitrate nitrogen, phosphate phosphate was added to 4 columns, where two of them were enhanced by the addition of steel turnings upstream of the wood medium. Sampling and the analyses of the samples were determined weekly, determination of the phosphorus, iron and other substances necessary for the detection of processes in the bioreactor was performed. The dependence of phosphorus removal on the bioreactor operating conditions was evaluated based on measured data, and the effect of iron on the biological denitrification process was also assessed. Steel turnings have been found to be effective in removing TP, but it is necessary to solve iron leaching in the future. The concentration of phosphorus was reduced up to 0 mg/l on the effluent from the denitrification bioreactors, efficiency of phosphorus removal reached 100 %. The presence of steel chips had no effect on denitrification speed. The denitrification process was also successful in the phosphorus removal columns. From the point of view of leaching of substances and iron, the removal of N and P seems to be preferable in dry period during stoppage with no water fillings. Shutdown of bioreactors with flooded filling caused high concentrations of leached iron up to 149 mg/l
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