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Critically endangered Large Heath butterfly in Šumava: situation, trends and threats
JANDOVÁ, Kateřina
The main goal of this work was to map the occurrence of the large heath (Coenonympha tullia) from the Nymphalidae family in the Bohemian Forest National Park. This species currently occurs in the Czech Republic only in the Bohemian Forest peatlands up to an altitude of 900 m above sea level and very rarely in the Třeboň region (Hanč et al., 2019). Monitoring took place in June 2023 in the Bohemian Forest peatlands in the Moldau floodplain. I visited in total 51 sites with a potential distribution of the species. The large heath (Coenonympha tullia) was found in 11 of them. I monitored also several potential predictors of the butterfly occurrence, including an information about the distribution of its host plants, cottonsedge (Eriophorum vaginatum) and common cottongrass (Eriophorum angustifolium). Subsequent statistical comparison of various indicators at the sites from 2023 with monitoring from 2021 (Fric and Walter, 2022) showed that indeed the Bohemian Forest peatlands are drying out. After comparing the number of large heath (Coenonympha tullia) individuals, it was found that the number of individuals in 2023 was higher than in 2021.
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Boletice - a new tourism destination and its sustainable development
ŠOTOLA, František
The bachelor's thesis entitled "Boletice - a New Tourism Destination and its Sustainable Development" describes the area within the ring around the Boletice Military Retreat. The theoretical part presents the history of the area, as well as the conditions for tourism development and its current development, both in terms of the changing size of the training area and in terms of the economic and educational base on which tourism and regional development can build. Furthermore, through in-depth interviews with local stakeholders, the thesis creates a space for discussing key topics that resonate not only with local residents but also with tourists and the wider public observing this area of South Bohemia. By comparing individual views, we find an overlap of interests among respondents, but not a majority opinion, which shows us the importance of local stakeholders. The following part of the thesis proposes the creation of a new sustainable tourism product, namely the reconstruction of the former narrow-gauge railway, which was built on the Spálenec - Arnoštov - Knížecí stolec route for the needs of calamity logging at the beginning of the last century. This product not only refers to the history of the site, specifically to the significant event that shaped it, but also presents a technical monument to tourism users. It also offers a unique experience that does not unduly burden the local landscape.
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Fluctuations in the groundwater level in the montane peat bog Rokytka
Lencová, Kateřina ; Šobr, Miroslav (advisor) ; Doležal, Tomáš (referee)
Peatbogs are globally widespread ecosystems that have a major influence on the hydrological conditions of watersheds. Of particular importance are mountain highlands, which are characterized by their occurrence in the source areas of streams. Despite the indisputable importance of the montane peatbogs in terms of runoff conditions, their influence has not yet been conclusively clarified. Montane peatbogs are a particularly important topic for the Šumava region, where they represent a fundamental element of the landscape. The study site is therefore situated in one of the Šumava's spring areas - the Rokytka watershed. As part of this thesis, the issue of the hydrological function of the monitored peatbog has been viewed mainly through the differences in the fluctuation of the groundwater level in different parts of the peatbog. At the same time, the influence of the precipitation on the change in the groundwater level in the peatbogs and on the runoff response of the Rokytka brook has been monitored. Precipitation is the only source of water for the highlands and its influence is therefore crucial. Although several previous studies have focused on the influence of this highland on the runoff conditions of the Rokytka brook, groundwater levels from manually measured probes have not yet been analysed....
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Contribution to the Study of the Mesolithic Settlement in Bohemia
Čuláková, Katarína ; Oliva, Martin (advisor) ; Pavlů, Ivan (referee) ; Płonka, Tomáš (referee)
ČULÁKOVÁ, KATARÍNA. Contribution to the Study of the Mesolithic Settlement in Bohemia. Prague: Faculty of Arts, Charles University, 2015, 742 p. (including appendices and plates), PhD. thesis. This thesis wants to present lithic collections. Part of them come from an Eastern Bohemian region and part of them from the Bohemian Forest region. Firstly there is a description of how the collections were obtained. Most of the material comes from a surface survey, a smaller part comes from test pitting. A majority of the collections wasn't previously published and was processed for the purpose of this thesis, part of the information was obtained from published articles. This thesis presents a collection of 25 000 lithic pieces from Eastern Bohemia and 3 500 lithic pieces from the Bohemian Forest. At first there are the most numerous sites described according to their position in the landscape and composition of the lithic collection. Then there is a whole collection characterised according to the used raw material, typology and used technology. This information is incorporated into the wider frame of Central European mesolithics. One of the most interesting features of the collection is the variability of raw materials, which is especially high in the Eastern Bohemian region. From the technological point...
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Conceptual tools of spatial planning and its specifics in specially protected areas in Šumava
Komárek, Matěj ; Franková, Martina (advisor) ; Stejskal, Vojtěch (referee)
Conceptual tools of spatial planning and its specifics in specially protected areas in Šumava The thesis concerns with the relation between nature and landscape protection and spatial planning in Šumava. In Šumava we find Czech biggest national park and the whole area is protected with some other territorial protection tools of landscape and nature. Simultaneously we find in Šumava a large number of villages some of them located in the most strictly protected areas. In 2017 an amendment to the act no. 114/1992 Coll., on nature and landscape protection, was approved. The thesis was created at the turn of 2019 and 2020 when some territorial protection tools, such as quiet zones in national park, national park management plans and national parks zoning systems were redefined based on the 2017 amendment. This amendment has changed significantly the protection tools of landscape and nature and strengthen its role in the national parks. The mayors of municipalities were outright against the amendment and argued that as a result of this amendment the development of the villages would be limited. The thesis concerns with specifics of conceptual tools of spatial planning in Šumava, i. e. how the villages are limited in its territorial development by the existence of specially protected areas, also...
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Attitudes of local people and visitors towards Wolf (Canis lupus) in Šumava mountains and its surrounding.
KOLÁŘ, Miroslav
In the Czech Republic, the gradual return of carnivores, including wolves, can be observed in recent years. These carnivores are mainly found in the border areas of the Czech Republic, and it is no different in the Šumava, where they returned after years of retreat in 2015 and today they regularly reproduce here. The return of wolves brings many positive responses from the conservationists of nature and the general public. However, for some people wolves are the cause of fear. The aim of this work was to find out how the presence of wolves perceive the local inhabitants of Šumava and the surrounding Šumava, and what opinions visitors have. The data was obtained using a questionnaire survey conducted by field survey and in the form of online questionnaire sharing. The output of the work was the graphic processing of individual questions of the questionnaire and to compare the results with previous opinion polls about large carnivores. It was found that visitors on average showed more positive opinions to the wolves than the locals. At the end of the thesis there are some recommendations that could help improving the attitude to wolves and their acceptance in the surrounding landscape.
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Structural-geomorphological analysis of the Roklansky and Modravsky brook catchment
Burkytová, Šárka ; Hartvich, Filip (advisor) ; Coubal, Miroslav (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the structural-geomorphological characteristics and morphometric analysis of the Roklanský and Modravský brook basins, which are located within the geomorphological sub-unit of the Šumava Plains. The introductory research part is focused on the physical-geographical characteristics of the area, the second part deals with an overview of the methods of structural-geomorphological research with a focus on the morphostructural analysis of the relief. The geomorphological analysis was carried out using a joint analysis of selected sites, where the direction of the fracture surfaces and their slope were measured. Morphology analysis, fault tectonics, and valley system analysis were carried out. These analyses show that the relief of the area of interest is tectonically conditioned. Keywords Morphostructural analysis, structural measurements, Šumava plains, morpholineament, longitudinal profiles
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