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Emotion Regulation in Relation to Aggressive Behavior at School
Baumgartner, František ; Vancu, Eva ; Mžyková, K.
Emotion regulation plays the important role in dealing with stressful situations, therefore it can be supposed its positive effect in relation to aggression and bullying. The article is devoted to question, if emotion regulation diminishes the frequency of aggressive behavior in school classes. It was used the questionnaire of aggressive behavior and the questionnaire of cognitive regulation of emotions in research sample of 108 pupils of elementary school. The obtained results reveal that adolescents, which behave aggressively, use more frequently blaming others and less acceptation as the strategies of emotion regulation. The defenders who try to forestall of aggression more frequently use positive reappraisal and putting into perspective.
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Myths and cyberspace
Navrátil, Marek
The problematic of cyberspace and new psychological phenomenons are pursuingin this article. Level of openness of cyberspace, origin and dynamics of virtual communities are also covered. Author is exploring some new interaction phenomenons established by new mode of interaction with computer. These are framed by Levi's principles of cyberculture: connectivity, emergence of cybercomunities and global intelligence phenomenon. From social psychological point of view are presented specifics of cyberspace linked with piece of knowledge from computer games field to communication on the net. Humans' moving in cyberspace is described.
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The distorsion of a perceived structure in the direction of an observer`s line of sight
Šikl, Radovan
Human perception of 3-D structure is neither accurate, nor reliable since the image is largely determined by the different object`s distances from an observer and object`s orientations with respect to an observer. Perception of 3-D structure is severely distorted especially when the observed object align with the observer`s sight. We studied the accuracy and reliability of perception in these conditions for moving geometrical objects. Subjects were to compare the relative depth of two simultaneously exposed half-ellipsoids. These objects were mutually identical with exception of their elongation directly to the depth. The difference in their elongation varied from 5% to 20% of the second object`s depth. One of objects was oriented in the direction of observer`s sight, the second of objects in orientation 0°, 12°, or 24°. The results clearly demonstrate the misperception of third dimension and reveal the consistent bias to overestimate the depth of slanted one of two half-ellipsoids across all conditions.
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Valuation of interpersonal traits of players of computer games
Vaculík, Martin
The study is focused on interpersonal traits of players of computer games in adolescence. A total 76 players who were suitable for two criterions: a) duration of playing computer games per week (minimum 7 hours), b) duration of interest in computer games (minimum:1 year) was investigated. The Interpersonal Check List (ICL) was used. Differences between players and non-players and differences between players on level of obvious behaviour and ideal self was examined. Significant dissimilarities were discovered.
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Methods of data analysis in longitudinal research
Urbánek, Tomáš
Longitudinal research designs concetrate on the questions of stability and change of the characteristics under study in time. The paper concerns the issues how these two components of the temporal development are studied by the means of statistical methods. Approaches as regression analysis, growth modeling, ARIMA models analysis and a combination of variable-centered and person-centered approaches.
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Reaction of adolescents to the problems in family: connection with self-esteem and with self-efficacy
Osecká, Lída ; Macek, Petr ; Řehulková, Oliva
The presented study is oriented to the description of relationships between adolescent coping strategies in family context and self-self variables. A sample of 316 respondents (132 girls, 184 boys, aged from 16-19) completed a survey including invetories regarding an using of different coping strategies in their own family environment. Also, both self variables, self-efficacy and self-esteem, were derived from relevant items of scales. Results did not confirm all our presumptions: Self-efficacy is mainly related to the non-expression of negative emotions (as a coping staretgy), less important predictor (but also significant) is an active rational coping. Social support is positively related to self-efficacy in girls only. In regard to boys, this relationship is negative. Self-esteem is positively related to the non-expression of negative emotions in boys, the active rational coping is significant predictor of self-esteem in girls.
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Computer-administered assessment - ability tests
Klimusová, Helena ; Květon, Petr
The ever increasing application of computer technology in the psychological practise and particulary in psychological assessment raises questions regarding menthological issues of usage of the computer versions of the traditional psychological tests. In our paper we have focused on the comparsion of the computer and the traditional (paper-pencil) form of administration of widely used assessment methods. Amthauer´s Intelligence Structure Test (IST-70) and Kucera´s Attention Concentration Test have been used out of the ability tests.
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From the five-factor model to the five-factor theory of personality
Hřebíčková, Martina
The contribution contains explication of the five-factor theory(FFT) of personality, which was evolved by McCrae and Costa (1996). FFT is a contemporary version of trait theory, based on the assumptions that people are knowable, rational, variable, and proactive. FFT explains personality functioning as the operation of universal personality system, with defined categories of variables and classes of dynamic processes that indicate the main causual pathways. The components of the personality system are designated as 1) biological bases (genes and brain structures), 2) basic tendencies (abstract psychological potentials), 3) characteristic adaptations (concrete manifestation of basic tendencies), 4) self-concept, 5) objective biography, 6) external influences. Dynamic processes secify 16 postuales to specify how the personality system operates. The most radical postulate concerns an origin of the traits, which declares that traits like a temperament are endogenous basic tendencies that are heritable but unafected by environmental influences.
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