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Adaptive optics for control of the laser welding process
Mrňa, Libor ; Šarbort, Martin ; Řeřucha, Šimon ; Jedlička, Petr
The laser head with fixed focus optics is commonly used for the deep penetration laser welding. In such case the geometry and position of the beam waist are defined by the focusing lens. If the laser beam incident on the focusing lens is not well collimated but divergent and its divergence can be varied by proper adaptive optical elements, then also the geometry and position of the focus will be changeable. In this way it is possible to affect the energy coupling from the laser beam to the keyhole walls and thus to control the geometry and quality of the weld. In this paper we present a theoretical and numerical study of the beam shaping by adaptive optics and its influence on the weld quality. For the CO2 laser welding machine the adaptive optics was realized by a deformable mirror and its effect was tested also experimentally. For the solid-state laser welding machine we designed a laser head with changeable distance between the optical fiber and the collimating lens and we simulated its performance.
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Surface states in photonic crystals
Vojtíšek, Petr ; Richter, I.
Among many unusual and interesting physical properties of photonic crystals (PhC), in recent years, the propagation of surface electromagnetic waves along dielectric PhC boundaries have attracted considerable attention, also in connection to their possible applications. Such surfaces states, produced with the help of specialized defects on PhC boundaries, similarly to surfaces plasmons, are localized surfaces waves and, as such, can be used in various sensing applications. In this contribution, we present our recent studies on numerical modelling of surface states (SS) for all three cases of PhC dimensionality. Simulations of these states were carried out by the use of plane wave expansion (PWE) method via the MIT MPB package.
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Gallium Phosphide as a material for visible and infrared optics
Václavík, Jan ; Vápenka, David
Gallium phosphide is interesting material for optical system working in both visible and MWIR or LWIR spectral ranges. Number of a material available for these applications is limited. They are typically salts, fluorides or sulphides and usually exhibit unfavorable properties like brittleness; softness; solubility in water and small chemical resistance. Although GaP has do not offer best optical parameters excels over most other material in mechanical and chemical resistance. The article describes its most important characteristics and outlines some applications where GaP should prove useful
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Digital Holographic Method for Piezoelectric Transformers Vibration Analysis
Psota, Pavel ; Kopecký, V. ; Lédl, Vít ; Doleček, Roman
The paper describes a holographic method for vibration analysis in nanometer range. The method was successfully applied on different types of piezoelectric transformers and the measurement results are introduced. To proof the reliability of the method it was done a comparing simultaneous measurement of a piezoelectric component by the holographic method and the well-established single-point interferometric method. Results showing the minimal deviation of both methods are presented in the final part of the paper.
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Using FEM technology for optical surfaces polishing
Procháska, František ; Polák, Jaroslav ; Tomka, David ; Šubert, E.
The aim of this article is optical surfaces polishing on the 6-axis computer-controlled (CCM) machine Optotech MCP 250 CNC using FEM technology, which is suitable for aspheric elements polishing. The main attention is dedicated to the choice and to the precise adjustment of major process parameters. The possibility of usage the multi wave interferometer Luphoscan as a data source for the2D surface correction is solved too.
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Relationship between Luminosity, Irradiance and Temperature of star on the orbital parameters of exoplanets
Pintr, Pavel
For 759 exoplanets detected by radial velocities method we found that distances of exoplanets from central star comply in general Schmidt law and these distances depend on the stellar surface temperature. Every stellar spectral class has a little different distribution. The Luminosity and the Irradiance has not effect on the distribution of distances of exoplanets. We have found the new formulas for calculation of effective temperature of exoplanets for spectral classes F, G, and K. These new formulas we can use for future calculation of habitable planets
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Photonometers for coating and sputtering machines
Oupický, Pavel ; Jareš, Daniel ; Václavík, Jan ; Vápenka, David
The concept of photonometers (alternative name of optical monitor of a vacuum deposition process)for coating and sputtering machines is based on photonometers produced by companies like SATIS or HV Dresden. Photometers were developed in the TOPTEC centre and its predecessor VOD (Optical Development Workshop of Institut of Plasma Physics AS CR) for more than 10 years. The article describes current status of the technology and ideas which will be incorporated in next development steps. Hardware and software used on coating machines B63D, VNA600 and sputtering machine UPM810 is presented.
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Irregular surfaces - measurements and ZEMAX simulations
Melich, Radek ; Psota, Pavel ; Lédl, Vít ; Václavík, Jan
Surfaces produced on optical elements are loaded by dierent kinds of irregularities whose allowable amplitudes are prescribed by optical tolerances defined by an optical designer. An important feedback between realized and designed surfaces can be achieved using interferometry or profilometry measurements for instance. This article discusses dierent kinds of representation and visualization of those measurements in ZEMAX, enabling optical designer to evaluate an impact of the irregular surface on the optical system performance.
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Optimization of electrode geometry and piezoelectric layer thickness of a deformable mirror
Kruchenko, Alexey ; Nováková, Kateřina ; Mokrý, Pavel
Deformable mirrors are the most commonly used wavefront correctors in adaptive optics systems. Nowadays, many applications of adaptive optics to astronomical telescopes, high power laser systems, and similar fast response optical devices require large diameter deformable mirrors with a fast response time and high actuator stroke. In order to satisfy such requirements, deformable mirrors based on piezoelectric layer composite structures have become a subject of intense scientific research during last two decades. In this paper, we present an optimization of several geometric parameters of a deformable mirror that consists of a nickel reflective layer deposited on top of a thin lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric disk. Honeycomb structure of gold electrodes is deposited on the bottom of the PZT layer. The analysis of the optimal thickness ratio between the PZT and nickel layers is performed to get the maximum actuator stroke using the finite element method. The effect
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