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Reducing the Edge Chipping for Capillary End Face Grinding and Polishing
Hošek, Jan ; Studenovský, K.
This paper presents results of glass capillary end face grinding and polishing by approach that reduces the edge chipping. Brittle materials have natural tendency for edge chipping what leads to beveling the sharp edges. Not beveled sharp edges on glass capillary are important for special applications like surface tension measurement of small liquid samples. We use common grinding and polishing process for capillary end face machining modified with gradual decreasing of grinding load based on the relation of the critical chipping load. Achieved surface roughness is measured using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Capillary inner edge quality is checked both with optical microscopes and electron microscope too. We achieved a non-chipped capillary inner edge with radius down to 100 nm.
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Evaluation of lenght of the Fabry-Perot cavity with ultra-low expansion spacer with optical frequency comb
Šmíd, Radek ; Čížek, Martin ; Číp, Ondřej
The ultra-low expansion materials play a crucial role in laser stabilization and they are essential for laser stalibization. Blocks made from ultra-low expansion material are used as a base for precise interferometric measurements and in AFM microscopes. In our experiment we have monitored the free spectral range (FSR) changes and absolute length of a Fabry-Perot cavity (FPC) with a spacer made from an ultra-low expansion ceramics (Zerodur) with the expansion coefficient (CTE) of 2.8 • 10-8K-1. Experiment was carried out in the vacuum chamber at the pressure as low as 1 O'5 Pa. A fiber based femtosecond mode-locked laser with 100 MHz repetition frequency and central wavelength of 1550 nm was locked to a GPS disciplined crystal oscillator with a short term stability better than 10"12 and long term stability controlled by GPS clocks. An auxiliary tunable DFB laser diode was locked to a certain optical mode of the FPC. A beat-note signal from optical mixing between the laser and a stabilized femtosecond frequency comb is detected and processed. The absolute optical frequency of this mode is defined by saturation to acetylene cell. The FPC spacer of Zerodur material of 175 mm length was analyzed during the temperature cycling process from 22 - 35°C. Measured CTE of the spacer material was (0.069 ± 0.005) • 10-6K-1. Material exhibited hysteresis in the spacer length up to 8 nm during cycling process.
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Adaptive optics for control of the laser welding process
Mrňa, Libor ; Šarbort, Martin ; Řeřucha, Šimon ; Jedlička, Petr
The laser head with f xed focus optics is commonly used for the deep penetration laser welding. In such case the geometry and position of the beam waist are def ned by the focusing lens. If the laser beam incident on the focusing lens is not well collimated but divergent and its divergence can be varied by proper adaptive optical elements, then also the geometry and position of the focus will be changeable. In this way it is possible to affect the energy coupling from the laser beam to the keyhole walls and thus to control the geometry and quality of the weld. In this paper we present a theoretical and numerical study of the beam shaping by adaptive optics and its inf uence on the weld quality. For the CO2 laser welding machine the adaptive optics was realized by a deformable mirror and its effect was tested also experimentally. For the solid-state laser welding machine we designed a laser head with changeable distance between the optical f ber and the collimating lens and we simulated its performance.
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Precision displacement interferometry with stabilization of wavelength on air
Lazar, Josef ; Holá, Miroslava ; Hrabina, Jan ; Buchta, Zdeněk ; Číp, Ondřej
We present an interferometric technique based on differential interferometry setup for measurement in the subnanometer scale in atmospheric conditions. The motivation for development of this ultraprecise technique is coming from the field of nanometrology. The key limiting factor in any optical measurement are fluctuations of the refractive index of air representing a source of uncertainty on the 10'6 level when evaluated indirectly from the physical parameters of the atmosphere. Our proposal is based on the concept of overdetermined interferometric setup where a reference length is derived from a mechanical frame made from a material with very low thermal coefficient on the 1 O'8 level. The technique allows to track the variations of the refractive index of air on-line directly in the line of the measuring beam and to compensate for the fluctuations. The optical setup consists of three interferometers sharing the same beam path where two measure differentially the displacement while the third represents a reference for stabilization of the wavelength of the laser source. The principle is demonstrated on an experimental setup and a set of measurements describing the performance is presented.
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