|
|
Study of Plasma - Liquid Interactions
Němcová, Lucie ; Brablec, Antonín (oponent) ; Obradovic, Bratislav (oponent) ; Krčma, František (vedoucí práce)
This Ph.D. thesis contains a detailed investigation of different electric discharges generated in liquids. These discharges have become a popular topic during the last decade, mainly due to many practical applications for example in biomedicine, waste water treatment, ecology and nanoengineering. The study is focused on hydrogen peroxide generation which is one of the most important particles generated by electric discharges in liquids. A special batch discharge chamber, constructed at the Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Czech Republic, was used for the first experimental part. This discharge chamber is separated by a diaphragm membrane with a pin hole at its centre. A single high voltage electrode is placed in each part of the chamber, which is filled by water solution. High frequency voltage (1 and 2 kHz) was used as a power source to treat a NaCl solution (1.5 l). After evaluation of all results it has been found that this kind of power supply, compared to DC, does not cause any unwanted overheating of the solution (initial conductivity 100 - 800 microS/cm) during its treatment and thus the hydrogen peroxide production efficiency is quite high. The second part of this thesis was done at the Ghent University, Department of Applied Physics, Belgium. Here the DC discharge was created in gas bubbles (He, Ar, N2 or Air) flowing water solutions. NaH2PO4 . 2H2O solution (5 microS/cm, V= 750 ml) was used to hydrogen peroxide production studies, Direct Red 79 (20 mg/l) and Direct Blue 106 (20 mg/l, V= 750 ml) solutions were chosen for the organic dyes destruction study. The minimal concentration of the H2O2 was obtained when 10 mA current was applied, while the maximum concentration was observed at the current 30 mA. It leads to the conclusion that concentration of hydrogen peroxide increases with increasing applied current. The organic decomposition showed the same trend. The higher energy was applied, the more organic dye was destructed. The third part of this thesis took place at the Queen's University of Belfast, Centrum for Plasma Physics, UK using high frequency plasma scalpel (Arthrocare). It was found that the hydrogen peroxide concentration has reached the maximal value in solutions with a small addition of an alcohol (0.25 %). Four different treated liquid 0.15 M water solutions of BaCl2, Na2CO3, KCl and NaCl (V= 20 ml) were used. The initial conductivity of the samples was around 13 mS/cm. From the taken results it was obvious that the biggest difference between pH values was obtained in the solution with the additional of ethanol. The active particles generated by discharge were detected by spectra, mainly OH radicals which are understood as precursors to hydrogen peroxide. The main innovation was study of the influence of additional of organic compound on the plasma process. It was obtained that plasma still can be generated in such solution kind which can be considered as the first step to plasma created in the pure organic liquid medium. The last part of this work looked at atmospheric pressure microplasma jet interaction with the liquid phase and it was carried out at the Nanotechnology & Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre (NIBEC), University of Ulster, UK during host internship. As a liquid medium a gold (III) chloride trihydrate (HAuCl4.3H2O) aqueous solution with different initial conductivity was used. Interestingly, even a very low current (0.05 and 0.2 mA) generates stable plasma and produces hydrogen peroxide which can be understood as a very good result. Here, H2O2 behaviours as an oxidizing agent which converts gold precursors into gold nanoparticles.
|
|
|
Study of Plasma - Liquid Interactions
Němcová, Lucie ; Brablec, Antonín (oponent) ; Obradovic, Bratislav (oponent) ; Krčma, František (vedoucí práce)
This Ph.D. thesis contains a detailed investigation of different electric discharges generated in liquids. These discharges have become a popular topic during the last decade, mainly due to many practical applications for example in biomedicine, waste water treatment, ecology and nanoengineering. The study is focused on hydrogen peroxide generation which is one of the most important particles generated by electric discharges in liquids. A special batch discharge chamber, constructed at the Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Czech Republic, was used for the first experimental part. This discharge chamber is separated by a diaphragm membrane with a pin hole at its centre. A single high voltage electrode is placed in each part of the chamber, which is filled by water solution. High frequency voltage (1 and 2 kHz) was used as a power source to treat a NaCl solution (1.5 l). After evaluation of all results it has been found that this kind of power supply, compared to DC, does not cause any unwanted overheating of the solution (initial conductivity 100 - 800 microS/cm) during its treatment and thus the hydrogen peroxide production efficiency is quite high. The second part of this thesis was done at the Ghent University, Department of Applied Physics, Belgium. Here the DC discharge was created in gas bubbles (He, Ar, N2 or Air) flowing water solutions. NaH2PO4 . 2H2O solution (5 microS/cm, V= 750 ml) was used to hydrogen peroxide production studies, Direct Red 79 (20 mg/l) and Direct Blue 106 (20 mg/l, V= 750 ml) solutions were chosen for the organic dyes destruction study. The minimal concentration of the H2O2 was obtained when 10 mA current was applied, while the maximum concentration was observed at the current 30 mA. It leads to the conclusion that concentration of hydrogen peroxide increases with increasing applied current. The organic decomposition showed the same trend. The higher energy was applied, the more organic dye was destructed. The third part of this thesis took place at the Queen's University of Belfast, Centrum for Plasma Physics, UK using high frequency plasma scalpel (Arthrocare). It was found that the hydrogen peroxide concentration has reached the maximal value in solutions with a small addition of an alcohol (0.25 %). Four different treated liquid 0.15 M water solutions of BaCl2, Na2CO3, KCl and NaCl (V= 20 ml) were used. The initial conductivity of the samples was around 13 mS/cm. From the taken results it was obvious that the biggest difference between pH values was obtained in the solution with the additional of ethanol. The active particles generated by discharge were detected by spectra, mainly OH radicals which are understood as precursors to hydrogen peroxide. The main innovation was study of the influence of additional of organic compound on the plasma process. It was obtained that plasma still can be generated in such solution kind which can be considered as the first step to plasma created in the pure organic liquid medium. The last part of this work looked at atmospheric pressure microplasma jet interaction with the liquid phase and it was carried out at the Nanotechnology & Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre (NIBEC), University of Ulster, UK during host internship. As a liquid medium a gold (III) chloride trihydrate (HAuCl4.3H2O) aqueous solution with different initial conductivity was used. Interestingly, even a very low current (0.05 and 0.2 mA) generates stable plasma and produces hydrogen peroxide which can be understood as a very good result. Here, H2O2 behaviours as an oxidizing agent which converts gold precursors into gold nanoparticles.
|
host ::
RSS.