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Between the „ruchadlo“ and the Czech Cottage: The (Non-)Discovery of the „Folk“ Culture Invention in the 19th Century and its Impact on Research into Vernacular Culture
Woitsch, Jiří
The article presents and uses specific examples (swing plow called ruchadlo and timber vernacular dwelling houses) to analyze the conceptualization of the common people and vernacular culture in the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. Two opposing beliefs on the ability of the non-elites to be actively creative were typical for this era. The one side assumed a completely passive taking over of patterns, technologies, etc. from economically and socially more advanced environments, while the other attributed exceptional creative abilities to „regular folk,“ some even leading to historic discoveries. These two concepts strongly resonated in various Central European trends in the humanities and social sciences throughout the entire 20th century. This was symptomatic, especially in those instances, where historians, museologists, art historians or even non-academic experts were the ones conducting the research. Both lines of thought share the highly problematic notion of viewing the people as a creative collective entity or a passive entity.
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The late socialist Czechoslovak ethnography and folklore studies and its influence on the Czech tradition of sociocultural anthropology after 1989
Balaš, Nikola ; Bittnerová, Dana (advisor) ; Janeček, Petr (referee) ; Woitsch, Jiří (referee)
This thesis is an attempt to provide an account of the late socialist discipline of Czechoslovak ethnography and folklore studies and provide a basis for understanding of ethnography's post socialist transformation into anthropology and ethnology. The main theoretical framework of the thesis is the critical sociology of science of Pierre Bourdieu. The thesis focuses especially on two ethnography institutions - the Department of Ethnography and Folklore Studies at Charles University in Prague and the Prague branch of the Institute for Ethnography and Folklore Studies of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences in the late socialist period, which covers the 1970s and 1980s. Apart from providing some intellectual dimension of ethnography, the thesis aims to uncover other dimensions of ethnographers' practices such as research methods, language competences, writing habits, academic hierarchies or attitudes to mutual criticism. The thesis argues that whereas ethnography as a label disappeared in the 1990s, ethnographers' practices continued to shape the nascent Czech anthropology and ethnology. The thesis makes an intensive use of ethnographers' scholarly writings, interviews with former ethnographers and also uses some documentary evidence and secondary literature as its sources. Keywords: history of...
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European Forests. Our Cultural Heritage
Johann, E. ; Kusmin, J. ; Woitsch, Jiří
Proceedings of the international conference European Forests. Our Cultural Heritage (4-7 December 2018, St. Georgen am Längsee, Austria), brings both thematically and theoretically diverse mix of studies, which connects thinking about European forests as an important and hitherto neglected sphere of cultural resp. biocultural heritage.
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The Place of the Forest in Fourteenth- and Fifteenth-Century Literary Sources, a Czech-French-English Perspective
Turek, Matouš ; Nejedlý, Martin (advisor) ; Woitsch, Jiří (referee)
The master thesis presents and analyses a range of different ways in which the motif of the forest was treated in late-medieval literary sources as an element of thematic and compositional construction of the text. At the theoretical basis of the thesis is the concept of diachronic text reception and adaptations which bring along the transmission and simultaneous transformation of the use of topoi, while this process is being related to the development of the literary chronotopos signalizing a change in the public's horizon of expectation. The majority of sources for analysis are drawn from Czech sources of the long 14th century - courtly and chivalric romance, the Old Czech verse legend of St. Procopius and the Dalimil Chronicle - while a shorter part of the thesis is devoted to the presentation of individual tendencies in the development of the use of the forest topos in English and French literary allegory of the 14th and 15th centuries. In detailed comparison of specific passages from Old Czech texts with their actual models in other languages (Old Middle German, Latin), the thesis demonstrates, upon the example of the forest topos, that topoi do not represent fixed, inalterable clichés, but actually exhibit intense shifts in function, content and theme.
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Creation of a catalogue of Antonín Václavík photographic collection
Vrlová, Lucie ; Woitschová, Klára (advisor) ; Woitsch, Jiří (referee)
The aim of the diploma thesis is to create a catalog of negatives from the photo archive of ethnographer Antonín Václavík, which is located in the archives of the Museum of Southeast Moravia in Zlín. The introduction to the catalog mentions the biography of Antonín Václavík and his contribution to czech ethnography. Photographic material, its history and characteristics with regard to the processed material are also discussed here. The thesis also includes a dictionary of technical terms and indexes.
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The Place of the Forest in Fourteenth- and Fifteenth-Century Literary Sources, a Czech-French-English Perspective
Turek, Matouš ; Nejedlý, Martin (advisor) ; Woitsch, Jiří (referee)
The master thesis presents and analyses a range of different ways in which the motif of the forest was treated in late-medieval literary sources as an element of thematic and compositional construction of the text. At the theoretical basis of the thesis is the concept of diachronic text reception and adaptations which bring along the transmission and simultaneous transformation of the use of topoi, while this process is being related to the development of the literary chronotopos signalizing a change in the public's horizon of expectation. The majority of sources for analysis are drawn from Czech sources of the long 14th century - courtly and chivalric romance, the Old Czech verse legend of St. Procopius and the Dalimil Chronicle - while a shorter part of the thesis is devoted to the presentation of individual tendencies in the development of the use of the forest topos in English and French literary allegory of the 14th and 15th centuries. In detailed comparison of specific passages from Old Czech texts with their actual models in other languages (Old Middle German, Latin), the thesis demonstrates, upon the example of the forest topos, that topoi do not represent fixed, inalterable clichés, but actually exhibit intense shifts in function, content and theme.
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Economic exploitation od forests in the early modern period. "Forest industries" in the 17-18th centuries
Woitsch, Jiří ; Maur, Eduard (advisor) ; Matoušek, Václav (referee) ; Petráň, Josef (referee)
The thesis deals with a specific branch of early-modern industry. So called forest industries (or crafts) and craftsmen are depicted from the point of view of technology used, its economic, social as well as cultural characteristics. The thesis is focused on the territory of the Central Europe in the 17-18th centuries and is based on archival research and study of foreign theoretical scientific literature. The author came to a conclusion, that the forest industries (e.g. charcoal making, tar making, resin extraction, wood ashes making and potash making) constitute a specific kind of linked strategies of subsistence. Moreover through forest industries natural resources (forests and woodlands) were exploited and their shape and stand was changed. The most important part of thesis - also from the gnoseological point of view - is presentation of the outcomes of several ethno-archaeological experiments, which contributed essentially to the re-interpretation of written sources.
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Newly discovered preserved potash-making workshops in the Czech Republic
Woitsch, Jiří
The article briefly describes the technology of production of potash in the early modern times. The basic typology of production facilities (potash-making workshops), which were built in the village envinment, is introduced as well. The main emphasis is given on the introduction of two newly identified workshops - in Zlatá Koruna near Český Krumlov and in Kolinec in the Klatovy region.
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