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Use of mosses for bioindication of atmospheric deposition
Ullmannová, Adéla ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Vindušková, Olga (referee)
Atmospheric deposition of pollutants is a significant environmental problem that can have a serious impact on ecosystems and human health. Therefore, monitoring this process is essential to assess its impacts and develop effective mitigation strategies. This bachelor's thesis is a literature review that deals with the use of mosses as bioindicators of atmospheric deposition. Mosses are sensitive to environmental changes and can accumulate pollutants from the atmospheric deposition, making them valuable and widely utilised bioindicators of the atmospheric deposition loads. The thesis summarizes the different types of pollutants that can be deposited in the atmosphere and the methods used to collect and analyze moss samples. It also discusses factors that influence the response of mosses to atmospheric deposition, such as species differences, geographical location and environmental conditions. It examines the advantages and limitations of their use as bioindicators. Further research is needed to improve the understanding of the relationship between mosses and atmospheric deposition and to design a unified protocol that standardizes methods and increases their effectiveness for international monitoring of environmental pollution. The work highlights the importance of monitoring atmospheric deposition...
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The effect of vegetation properties on soil organic matter decomposition
Čápová, Kateřina ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Vindušková, Olga (referee)
Dekompozice je důležitým činitelem v koloběhu uhlíku (C), přičemž je tento proces značně ovlivněn dostupností dusík Nicméně všechny faktory, které do dekompozice vstupují a ovlivňují ji nejsou patřičně prozkoumány, což také naznačují časté protichůdné výsledky řady publikací. Větší pochopení těchto vztahů nám zároveň pomohou k většímu pochopení sekvestrace uhlíku. A díky tomuto se můžeme lépe vyrovnávat globální bilanci uhlíku a tím snížit negativní dopady klimatické změny. Víme, že dekompozice se značně liší v jednotlivých stádiích. Důležitou roli hraje vstupní materiál zejména to, kolik obsahuje uhlíku a dusíku (poměr C:N), což naznačuje jak rychle, nebo pomalu se bude rozkládat. Zároveň také, mimo jiné, reaguje na vstupy uhlíku (C) a dusíku (N). Různých interakcí na abiotické, či biotické faktory dekompozice je daleko více. Nicméně stálý růst oxidu uhličitého a dusíku v prostředí a jejich vliv na rozkládaný materiál hraje čím dál tím důležitou roli, a proto je potřeba věnovat mu značnou pozornost. této studii jsem zkoumala jednotlivé reakce všech fází dekompozice na přídavky glukózy (C) a dusičnanu amonného (N). Zároveň jsem zkoumala, jakou roli v rozkladu hraje poměr CN a stabilita uhlíku v jednotlivých substrátech. Výsledky mé práce ukázaly, že organický materiál různého původu představuje organickou...
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Soil carbon sequestration: ways and potential
Valentová, Mariana ; Vindušková, Olga (advisor) ; Bartuška, Martin (referee)
By choosing appropriate practices, carbon can be stored in the soil as a means of mitigating (mitigating) climate change. The paper clearly summarize our current understanding of the principles (e.g., soil organic matter, level of C saturation) anf factors (e.g., parent rocks, climate, human) influencing the potential of soils to sequester carbon and its importance in terms of implemeting effective mitigation measures. This is followed by an introduction of method for estimating the carbon sequestration capacity of soils and its relevance to sequestration potential is discussed. The main focus of the paper is the comparison of the land use changes (e.g., forest or peatlands restoration) and land management (e.g., use of crops rotation, no-till agriculture) that can achieve soil carbon sequestration, including the quantitative estimates of their sequestration potential. Finally, there is summary of the estimates of global sequestration potential of soils. Key words: carbon, soil, sequestration, mitigation, climate change, land-use, soil capacity
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Use of mosses for bioindication of atmospheric deposition
Ullmannová, Adéla ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Vindušková, Olga (referee)
Atmospheric deposition of pollutants is a significant environmental problem that can have serious impacts on ecosystems and human health. Therefore, monitoring this process is essential to assess its impacts and develop effective mitigation strategies. This bachelor's thesis is a literature review that examines the use of mosses as bioindicators of atmospheric deposition. Mosses are sensitive to environmental changes and can accumulate pollutants from the atmosphere, making them valuable bioindicators. The thesis summarizes the different types of pollutants that can be deposited in the atmosphere and the methods used to collect and analyze moss samples. It also discusses factors that influence the response of mosses to atmospheric deposition, such as species differences, geographical location, and environmental conditions. Moreover, the advantages and limitations of using mosses as bioindicators are considered. Further research is needed to improve the understanding of the relationship between mosses and atmospheric deposition and to design a unified protocol that standardizes methods and increases their effectiveness for international monitoring of environmental pollution. The work highlights the importance of monitoring atmospheric deposition and provides valuable insights into the potential of...
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Sequestration of soil organic matter in broadleaf and coniferous forests in soil at various stages of pedogenesis
Hüblová, Lucie ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Vindušková, Olga (referee)
Soil organic matter (SOM) is an important component of the soil. SOM is responsible for availability of nutrients for plants and soil organisms, formation of soil structure and soils water-holding capacity. SOM is made up of organic matter (OM) of plant and animal origin at various stages of decomposition. SOM can be divided into several components called fractions. Fractions differ between each other in their resistance against decomposition. Main SOM fractions are: (1) free floating particulate organic matter (FPOM) and (2) OM bound to soil mineral surfaces in various ways (MAOM) - OH inside macro- and microaggregates and OM bound to silt and clay surfaces (S+C). It is assumed that MAOM fraction becomes C saturated during soil development and no more C can be sequestered in it. Other fractions, particularly FPOM, that are not dominant C storage in the initial stages of soil development become more important in the later stages and amount of C stored in them increases. However, there is scarcity of studies that examine this assumption. In this work I studied the hypothesis that soils in different stage of development will differ in the amount of C stored in different fractions. On top of that, this difference will be affected by the dominant tree species growing on the soil and the effect of tree...
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Estimate of carbon sequestration in the Czech Republic - afforestation of arable land, change of forest management, wetlands renaturations and tree lanes
Hruška, Jakub ; Pavelka, Marian ; Chuman, Tomáš ; Oulehle, Filip ; Vindušková, O. ; Cudlín, Pavel ; Trnka, Miroslav
Report acconunted quantitetivly as well qualitativly (for the year 2050) carbon sequestration for afforestation of arable land, change of forest management, wetlands renaturations and tree lanes.
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Changes in organic matter input to soil during pedogenesis as a driver of soil organic matter sequestration
Lačná, Karolína ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Vindušková, Olga (referee)
Soil organic matter is an integral part of the soil representing a reservoir of nutrients for plant and soil organisms, especially in accumulation of a biogenic element carbon (C). The accumulation and stabilisation of soil organic matter depends on several mechanisms. The input source for the creation of SOM is the plant organic matter consisting mainly of the litter and above-ground part of the plant herbal biomass. The accumulation of SOM and carbon sequestration is primarily influenced by the chemical composition and amount of OM entering the soil. In this work, the entry of OM into the soil was experimentally verified at locations with an older naturally formed soil type and man-made soil (post-mining sites). As part of the research, other types of forest cover represented by spruce and alder stand were compared. From the measured data of the individual influencing factors, it was found that the composition and quantity of OM is determinated significantly with the species composition of the forest. More plant OM was observed in the alder trees area stands on both soil types with a lower C:N ratio, whic describes better decomposable OM. By contrast, there were no statistically significant differences between areas on young and old soils. The results suggest increased concentrations of...
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Methods for distinguishing fossil and recent organic matter in post mining soils
Vindušková, Olga ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Jehlička, Jan (referee)
Soil organic matter (SOM) has many important effects on soil and ecosystem quality. Soils developing on post-mining sites are characteristic of low recent SOM, but can contain reasonable amounts of fossil SOM originating from coal, kerogen or other fossil component of the overburden. With time, as vegetation develops, SOM accumulates and improves overall quality of post-mining soils. To assess soil quality development and quantify sequestered carbon, a reliable method for distinguishing recent and fossil SOM is needed. The relative amounts of recent and fossil carbon can be successfully quantified by the radiocarbon method, but due to it's high cost, it's common application is unlikely. The aim of this study was to (1) quantify the amount and variability of fossil SOM in post-mining soils near Sokolov, (2) compare different other SOM quantification methods to this reference, (3) test the potential of near infrared spectroscopy for recent and fossil carbon quantification. Fossil carbon accounts for 13 to 99 % of total organic carbon in studied soils, which is equivalent to 2 - 6% carbon content. Subtracting the carbon content of a deeper horizon (50 cm) from the content of A horizon provides a good estimate of recent carbon. This can be applied to carbon contents from dry combustion, wet dichromate...
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Key factors in soil organic matter accumulation
Vindušková, Olga ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Borůvka, Luboš (referee) ; Šarapatka, Bořivoj (referee)
Soil organic matter (SOM) is highly important for soil quality and the global carbon cycle. SOM content is influenced by a complex interplay of many different factors such as time, climate, parent material, vegetation, and others. The effect of time is often studied using the chronosequence approach using a set of study sites differing in age but comparable in other soil-forming factors. The effect of other factors can be studied by comparing two or more chronosequences. An important assumption of these approaches is that the SOM quantification methods produce comparable results both among sites of each sequence and among different sequences. In this thesis, I explored the key factors in SOM accumulation and dealt with SOM quantification methods. I studied SOM accumulation in two model situations - in post-mining sites after open-cast coal and oil shale mining and in landslides in the Western Carpathians. The results of this thesis are summarized in one book chapter accepted for publication and four papers, out of which three have been published and one is prepared for publication in an international journal with impact factor. The key factor affecting the rate of SOM accumulation after a major disturbance is time. The accumulation rates found in the first 40 to 100 years in both post-mining sites...
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