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Environmental assessment of the Czech Republic based on Water Footprint
Žlábková, Jana ; Hák, Tomáš (advisor) ; Vačkář, David (referee)
This dissertation sets its goal in application of the water footprint indicator, which is a practical and multi-layered indicator of water sources consumption. Of human activities, agriculture presents the most significant demands on water sources consumption. Therefore I have turned my focus to the widely-discussed issue of biofuels production, because the input materials for production of this kind of energy are agricultural crops (in the Czech republic those are: oilseed rape, sugar beet, Indian corn and winter wheat). The calculated results of water footprints of the selected industrial crops (m3 /t) and of water footprints of the heating value units of that crops (m3 /GJ) offer us a concrete notion of energy requirements of water of that chosen industrial crops in the conditions of the Czech republic. Keywords: water footprint indicator, biofuels, oilseed rape, water consumption, biodiesel, bioethanol, evapotranspiration.
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Human impacts on ecosystems: appropriation of primary production and biodiversity in the Czech republic
Vačkář, David ; Moldan, Bedřich (advisor) ; Nátr, Lubomír (referee) ; Miko, Ladislav (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to explore relationship between selected indicators of human pressures and biological diversity in the Czech Republic. I assessed human impacts on ecosystems by calculating the fraction of aboveground net primary production appropriated by humans (aHANPP) in a cultural landscape of the Czech Republic. The human appropriation of aboveground net primary production reached 21.5 Tg C in aggregate or 56% of the potential natural productivity in 2006. I found the aHANPP to be a suitable indicator of human impacts on ecosystems as it detect trends and enables spatial mapping of human impacts. Furthermore, I tested hypothesis about a positive spatial relationship between human pressure indicators and biodiversity at species and ecosystem/landscape levels. I found a positive spatial coincidence (rs=0.361) of people (measured by human population density and extent of urban areas) and species richness (measured by richness of 10 taxonomic groups of vertebrates, invertebrates and plants). Although aHANPP was not related to species richness, diversity at the landscape level (measured by Shannon landscape diversity index) was significantly negatively related to the intensity of land and ecosystem use (indicated by aHANPP). The hump-shaped relationship is reflecting an intermediate disturbance...
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Methodology for ecosystem accounting at the national level
Vačkář, David ; Grammatikopoulou, Ioanna ; Harmáčková, Veronika Zuzana
The aim of this document is to provide methodological framework for ecosystem accounting at the national level. Ecosystem accounting is a coherent and integrated approach to the assessment of the environment through the measurement of ecosystems, and measurement of the flows of services from ecosystems into economic and other human activity. Therefore, ecosystem accounting enables to account for the supply and use of ecosystem services within the system of national environmental statistical accounts.This methodology provides framework for the measurement of ecosystem services flows from the environment to the economy, supply of ecosystem services by ecosystem units, use of ecosystem services by economic sectors, and accounting for monetary value of ecosystem service flows and assets. The methodology presents examples of ecosystem accounts and describes their structure. The methodology should support development and implementation of ecosystem accounts within satellite environmental accounts of System of Environmental and Economic Accounting (SEEA) and serve as a reference for methodological developments in experimental ecosystem accounting
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Elaboration of methodical data and technical data in relation to the temperature conditions in the city, survey of attitudes and public participation and adjustment of the system of monitoring by adaptations in the city
Lorencová, Eliška ; Cuřín, Vojtěch ; Geletič, Jan ; Baďura, Tomáš ; Bašta, Petr ; Nawrath, Martin ; Lekeš, Vojtěch ; Vačkář, David
This report presents outputs from analyses supported by City Council of Prague. The report summarizes the results from the simulation of temperature extremes (heat waves) and the evaluation of the potential solutions for the pilot area of Prague 6. The second part introduces survey, aimed at investigating public attitudes in the field of climate change impacts and adaptation and elaboration of the basis for realization of the crowd-source mapping and elaboration of the methodology for participation and communication with the public, urban areas and the wider public. This part presents the results of the public survey processed on a representative sample of 550 inhabitants of the city of Prague. In addition, a proposal for setting up monitoring for the selection and evaluation of pilot adaptation projects is presented, which is focused on the monitoring and evaluation of ongoing and new projects implemented in the framework of the Prague Adaptation Strategy. \n \n
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Vulnerability analysis of climate change impacts in the city of Prague
Lorencová, Eliška ; Emmer, Adam ; Geletič, Jan ; Vačkář, David
Climate change is one of the key challenges of the 21st century, both in terms of adaptation as well as mitigation. The aim of this research was, following the Adaptation Strategy of the City of Prague, to prepare the background analysis for the Adaptation Action Plan, focusing on vulnerability assessment. The vulnerability asssessment focused on the climate change impacts related to: (i) temperature extremes - heatwaves, (ii) insufficient rainwater retention and extreme rainfall. The approach included spatially-specific analysis using ArcGIS based on climatic, land use and socio-economic indicators for the current status and future RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. Regarding vulnerability to heatwaves, the most affected areas are located in the city center (Prague 2, Prague 3, Prague 6, Prague 7, Prague 1) and some peripheral areas with industrial buildings (e.g. Libeň or Štěrboholy). Vulnerability to extreme precipitation and insufficient rainwater retention was highest particularly at the confluence of the Vltava and Berounka (Velká Chuchle, Prague 16, Zbraslav and Lipence).
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Vulnerability analysis of climate change impacts in the city of Prague
Lorencová, Eliška ; Emmer, Adam ; Geletič, Jan ; Bašta, Petr ; Vačkář, David
Climate change is one of the key challenges of the 21st century, both in terms of adaptation as well as mitigation. The aim of this research was, following the Adaptation Strategy of the City of Prague, to prepare the background analysis for the Adaptation Action Plan, focusing on vulnerability assessment. The vulnerability asssessment focused on the climate change impacts related to: (i) temperature extremes - heatwaves, (ii) insufficient rainwater retention and extreme rainfall. The approach included spatially-specific analysis using ArcGIS based on climatic, land use and socio-economic indicators for the current status and future RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. Regarding vulnerability to heatwaves, the most affected areas are located in the city center (Prague 2, Prague 3, Prague 6, Prague 7, Prague 1) and some peripheral areas with industrial buildings (e.g. Libeň or Štěrboholy). Vulnerability to extreme precipitation and insufficient rainwater retention was highest particularly at the confluence of the Vltava and Berounka (Velká Chuchle, Prague 16, Zbraslav and Lipence).
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Environmental assessment of the Czech Republic based on Water Footprint
Žlábková, Jana ; Hák, Tomáš (advisor) ; Vačkář, David (referee)
This dissertation sets its goal in application of the water footprint indicator, which is a practical and multi-layered indicator of water sources consumption. Of human activities, agriculture presents the most significant demands on water sources consumption. Therefore I have turned my focus to the widely-discussed issue of biofuels production, because the input materials for production of this kind of energy are agricultural crops (in the Czech republic those are: oilseed rape, sugar beet, Indian corn and winter wheat). The calculated results of water footprints of the selected industrial crops (m3 /t) and of water footprints of the heating value units of that crops (m3 /GJ) offer us a concrete notion of energy requirements of water of that chosen industrial crops in the conditions of the Czech republic. Keywords: water footprint indicator, biofuels, oilseed rape, water consumption, biodiesel, bioethanol, evapotranspiration.
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Human impacts on ecosystems: appropriation of primary production and biodiversity in the Czech republic
Vačkář, David ; Moldan, Bedřich (advisor) ; Nátr, Lubomír (referee) ; Miko, Ladislav (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to explore relationship between selected indicators of human pressures and biological diversity in the Czech Republic. I assessed human impacts on ecosystems by calculating the fraction of aboveground net primary production appropriated by humans (aHANPP) in a cultural landscape of the Czech Republic. The human appropriation of aboveground net primary production reached 21.5 Tg C in aggregate or 56% of the potential natural productivity in 2006. I found the aHANPP to be a suitable indicator of human impacts on ecosystems as it detect trends and enables spatial mapping of human impacts. Furthermore, I tested hypothesis about a positive spatial relationship between human pressure indicators and biodiversity at species and ecosystem/landscape levels. I found a positive spatial coincidence (rs=0.361) of people (measured by human population density and extent of urban areas) and species richness (measured by richness of 10 taxonomic groups of vertebrates, invertebrates and plants). Although aHANPP was not related to species richness, diversity at the landscape level (measured by Shannon landscape diversity index) was significantly negatively related to the intensity of land and ecosystem use (indicated by aHANPP). The hump-shaped relationship is reflecting an intermediate disturbance...
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Sharing of Czech Experience: Piloting SEEA-EEA in the Kyrgyz Republic
Vačkář, David ; Harmáčková, Veronika Zuzana ; Sylla, Marta ; Grammatikopoulou, Ioanna ; Whitham, Charlote ; Emmer, Adam ; Pártl, Adam
The report summarises the activities conducted within the project “Sharing of Czech Experience: Piloting SEEA-EEA in the Kyrgyz Republic”. The project was led by the Department of Human Dimensions of Global Change, Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, with support from the Czech-UNDP Trust Fund (CTF). This 6-month project worked closely with several key stakeholders in the Kyrgyz Republic including primarily: The National Statistical Committee (NSC), The State Agency for Environment Protection and Forestry (SAEPF) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The aims of the project were to build capacity for experimental ecosystem accounting (SEEA EEA) in the form of three stakeholder consultation workshops and continuous project collaboration with Kyrgyz partners and experts, mapping and mobilizing available data sources for SEEA EEA, and compiling pilot experimental ecosystem accounts for the Kyzyl Unkur leshoz in collaboration with project partners in the Kyrgyz Republic.
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Socioeconomic study for the establishment of the periurban park Confluence, Prague
Daněk, J. ; Harmáčková, Veronika Zuzana ; Lorencová, Eliška ; Sejková, Apolónia ; Zelený, J. ; Vačkář, David
The aim of the study is to elaborate the socioeconomic analysis of the region at the confluence of the Vltava and Berounka rivers and proposing possible solutions for the shared governance of the peri-urban park (PP) in administratively divided region. The summary report contains results of the study as a qualitative sociological analysis to analyze the value attitudes of individual actors, communication barriers, designing models of governance and, the results of the questionnaires on the attitudes of the inhabitans. This socioeconomic study is part of a pilot project, the establishment of a suburban park Confluence, which is coordinated by The Prague Institute of Planning and Development (IPR).
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