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The Complexity of Security Threats in Urban Areas: The Case of Johannesburg.
Sanjoh, Charles ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Svitková, Katarína (referee)
Cities today have become a playground for man-made security threats. From terrorism, drug abuse, and different forms of physical violence that impedes the smooth functioning of the activities of those living within the city spaces. Considering the present day violence and insecurity in our cities, it is vital not only to embark on preventive measures, but also to learn how to cope with and adapt to them. Since it would be an illusion to think of eliminating violence, resilience becomes an important aspect, a gateway to move on with our daily activities without fear and with greater hope for a better future. It is in this respect that I decided in this thesis to talk about resilience within our municipalities with a special focus on the city of Johannesburg in South Africa.
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Factors of Success of FARC and ETA Terrorist Groups: A Comparative Analysis
Kopečný, Ondřej ; Ditrych, Ondřej (advisor) ; Svitková, Katarína (referee)
This work elaborates on historiographical contextual analysis of establishment and consolidation of terrorist groups ETA and FARC, while focusing on identifying and analysis of set of factors, which led to the respective groups constitution. These factors are then examined and compared in the thesis presented. Author then concludes generalness or alternatively contextual character of findings on factors. Examined groups emerged from extensively differing contexts, which contributes to the posibility of following a linking to possible general validit of the factors. Emphasis is being put especially on political, social, economical and identitary premises of the groups establishment.
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Dual Securitization of Public Space in Relation to Sport Mega Events
Svitková, Katarína ; Hynek, Nikola (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
The objective of this study is to examine security measures in cities hosting sports mega events. Using International political sociology as a theoretical background, I argue that city spaces undergo what I refer to as dual securitization. I identify four principal characteristics of security measures which have become globally standardized and which I consider illiberal: exceptionalism, surveillance, militarization and urban restrictions. In the case studies, I explore how these measures were justified and employed during the Olympic Games or the FIFA World Cup in Beijing, South Africa, London and Rio de Janeiro. Despite some differences which are due to local realities, I argue that the approaches of the principal stakeholders in the four cities are very much alike. Regardless of the type of political regime or the degree of socio-economic development, exceptionality of mega events serves as an impetus for wide-scale and profound surveillance and militarization of contemporary cities. In the process, securing public spaces and urbanites comes at the expense of individual liberties.
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Resilience as the modern approach to cities' security: Critical analysis of the London case
Novák, Ladislav ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Svitková, Katarína (referee)
This thesis examines the understanding of the concept of resilience in urban security with focus on countering terrorism and emergency planning in London between 2000 and 2015. It analyses the implementation of the concept and the results of it. The thesis first describes the theoretical backgrounds of the concept and creates a classification based on the evolution of the concept. A discourse analysis of security strategies and other official documents is done to demonstrate how resilience was conceptualised in the United Kingdom and how it evolved. Also the influence of private actors is evalueted. The same discourse analysis is done on the level of the city of London. The thesis then describes the specific implementation of resilience that impacts everyday lives of London citizens and it shows that the measures penetrates every aspect of it. The International Political Sociology and the theory of insecuritization is used to assess the findings. It concludes that resilience is used as a governing tool enabeling the UK government to produce an appearance of decisive governing, while it transfers the actual responsibility for everyday security to the citizens and their communities. The transfer is not accompanied by providig appropriete tools and consecquently an atmosphere of insecurity and...
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Securing cities: 'Urban resilience' as a technology of government
Svitková, Katarína ; Hynek, Nikola (advisor) ; Hájek, Martin (referee) ; Chandler, David (referee)
Svitková, K. 2019. Securing cities: 'Urban resilience' as a technology of government, 282 pp. Doctoral thesis (PhD) Charles University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Political Studies. Department of Security Studies. Academic supervisor: doc. PhDr. PNDr. Nikola Hynek, M. A., PgDip Res, PhD Abstract Resilience has become a buzzword in policy and practice of 'securing' and 'developing' cities and urban populations. This study discusses the use of this concept in the context of governance of subjectivities. More specifically, reflecting its empirical focus, it poses critical questions about constructing and promoting 'urban resilience subjects', and scrutinizes the process of internalization of resilience as a self-governance technique, self-imposed on and by citizens for their own good. The purpose is to problematize resilience as a universal tool or strategy to govern cities and their inhabitants, be it in ordinary or extreme circumstances. The study ventures beyond the traditional critique of neoliberalism to ask questions about what resilience does in terms of a performative governance, exploring the disciplinary and biopolitical nature of this process. Keywords resilience, governmentality, urban, cities, power, biopolitics
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EZLN and changes in Mexican society
Kinský, Václav ; Krausz Hladká, Malvína (advisor) ; Svitková, Katarína (referee)
This disertation is about an indian uprising in Mexico in January 1994. The work at first summarizes the history of Mexico and it's development of guerrilla. Then it tries to characterize Zapatista movement, it's internal structure and a view of an internetional law. Therefore it says basic diferences between guerrilla, terrorist organization and activist movement. In another part I do an analysis of chosen documents. Specifically it's the first Declaration of the Lacandona jungle, second Declaration of the Lacandona jungle, Revolutionary laws and as last Requirements introduced at the beginning of the negotiation on 21 February 1994. The work deals with overall analysis of the presented documents and the main examined section becomes a problem with formation of identity. It's closely related with conversion movement from peasant movement to movement fighting for laws of indigenous habitants
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The End of Latin-American Socialism: Security Aspects of the Venezuelan Crisis
Sedláčková, Petra ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Svitková, Katarína (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the relation between the socialism of the 21st century as an ideology (or revolutionary theory) and human security concept applied on case of Venezuela, with regards to the regional context of Latin America. First, it presents both theoretical terms in deeper contexts; in case of Latin-American socialism deals with theoretical background in the work of Heinz Dieterich, advisor of Hugo Chávez and compares to the perspective of Russian professor Alexander Buzgalin, it also deals with regional perspective of indigenous socialism. In case of concept of human security, the thesis offers an insight into its genesis in United Nations, gives voice to some critical approaches and presents models that are further used. Both theoretical terms are applied in the analytical chapters of the thesis on case of the Bolivarian Republic. In case of socialism, the author analyses its impact on the 1999 constitution and deals with implementation on the example of communal councils; in case of human security concept, she choses three models that are tested to evaluate the current situation in the country. The author also considers the relation between a crisis or a threat to human security and migration as possible indicator of a current state. On the example of Venezuela, the author evaluates the...
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Securing cities: 'Urban resilience' as a technology of government
Svitková, Katarína ; Hynek, Nikola (advisor) ; Hájek, Martin (referee) ; Chandler, David (referee)
Svitková, K. 2019. Securing cities: 'Urban resilience' as a technology of government, 282 pp. Doctoral thesis (PhD) Charles University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Political Studies. Department of Security Studies. Academic supervisor: doc. PhDr. PNDr. Nikola Hynek, M. A., PgDip Res, PhD Abstract Resilience has become a buzzword in policy and practice of 'securing' and 'developing' cities and urban populations. This study discusses the use of this concept in the context of governance of subjectivities. More specifically, reflecting its empirical focus, it poses critical questions about constructing and promoting 'urban resilience subjects', and scrutinizes the process of internalization of resilience as a self-governance technique, self-imposed on and by citizens for their own good. The purpose is to problematize resilience as a universal tool or strategy to govern cities and their inhabitants, be it in ordinary or extreme circumstances. The study ventures beyond the traditional critique of neoliberalism to ask questions about what resilience does in terms of a performative governance, exploring the disciplinary and biopolitical nature of this process. Keywords resilience, governmentality, urban, cities, power, biopolitics
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Securing cities: 'Urban resilience' as a technology of government
Svitková, Katarína ; Hynek, Nikola (advisor) ; Hájek, Martin (referee) ; Chandler, David (referee)
Svitková, K. 2019. Securing cities: 'Urban resilience' as a technology of government, 282 pp. Doctoral thesis (PhD) Charles University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Political Studies. Department of Security Studies. Academic supervisor: doc. PhDr. PNDr. Nikola Hynek, M. A., PgDip Res, PhD Abstract Resilience has become a buzzword in policy and practice of 'securing' and 'developing' cities and urban populations. This study discusses the use of this concept in the context of governance of subjectivities. More specifically, reflecting its empirical focus, it poses critical questions about constructing and promoting 'urban resilience subjects', and scrutinizes the process of internalization of resilience as a self-governance technique, self-imposed on and by citizens for their own good. The purpose is to problematize resilience as a universal tool or strategy to govern cities and their inhabitants, be it in ordinary or extreme circumstances. The study ventures beyond the traditional critique of neoliberalism to ask questions about what resilience does in terms of a performative governance, exploring the disciplinary and biopolitical nature of this process. Keywords resilience, governmentality, urban, cities, power, biopolitics
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Securitization of HIV/AIDS in South Africa, 2000-2018
Roudnická, Zuzana ; Werkman, Kateřina (advisor) ; Svitková, Katarína (referee)
HIV/AIDS is for many decades one of the major global health issues. It has, therefore, attracted attention of scholars from different fields of study, including security studies. This Master's Thesis seeks to contribute to debates surrounding the issue of securitizing the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The main aim of this thesis is to apply the Copenhagen School's theoretical framework on the case of HIV/AIDS, evaluate the possibility of explaining the international reaction to the pandemic through securitization, and assess whether or not the HIV/AIDS was successfully securitized in South Africa, mainly through effort of the relevant international actors. The case of the Republic of South Africa was chosen because it is one of the worst affected countries by the disease in the world. After discussing the Copenhagen School's securitization theory and its critics, the origins, progression and nature of the disease is explained. The thesis then proceeds with the description and examination of the current state of the epidemic in South Africa as well as the negative influence the segregation and apartheid policy had on the perception of the disease and its spread. The thesis looks at possible securitizing actors of the issue and analysis their discourse in the search for securitizing moves associated with...
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