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Characterization of Natural Biostimulants and Their Effect on Soil Properties
Hanzelková, Kateřina ; Bělonožníková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Smrček, Stanislav (referee)
Biostimulants represent an environmentally friendly way of protecting plants and supporting their growth. Here, fermented nettle was characterized in terms of antioxidant properties, protein content, and activities of selected enzymes. Furthermore, this study focused on the effects of biostimulants (fermented nettle and vermicompost) on soil properties. Fermented nettle showed high content of phenolic compounds and high antioxidant capacity. Activity of proteases, as well as acid and alkaline phosphatases was successfully determined in fermented nettle. Alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly higher than that of acid phosphatase. Protease, endo-β-1,3-glucanase, and total peroxidase activities were determined in soils of plants treated with biostimulants - fermented nettle (N), vermicompost (V) - and compared with control (C). All groups of plants were also exposed to drought stress (D). Application of biostimulants did not affect protease activity in watered groups but D groups showed a significant increase in proteolysis. Endo-β-1,3-glucanase activity was higher in the groups treated with biostimulants and drought did not affect the activity. The group VD showed significantly higher total peroxidase activity than other groups. The protein content in groups treated with biostimulants was...
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Interaction of selected antidepressants with higher plants as a model of environmental contamination
Herčíková, Adéla ; Smrček, Stanislav (advisor) ; Bělonožníková, Kateřina (referee)
In recent years, the study of drug residues in the environment, which appear to be responsible for a number of adverse ecotoxicological effects, has become increasingly important. Psychopharmaceuticals have a prominent place among the pharmaceuticals, the consumption of which is increasing dramatically and it is appropriate to look for ways to remove them from the ecosystem and to assess the possibility of contamination of food chains. This work concerns the study of phytoextraction of psychopharmaceuticals mianserin and olanzapine. Mianserin belongs to the tetracyclic antidepressants (TCAs). It is mainly used to treat depression, anxiety and sleep disorders. Olanzapine belongs to the group of atypical antipsychotics. It is used to treat psychotic conditions such as schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders. Phytoextraction is an environmentally friendly process that allows the removal of residual concentrations of pollutants from aquatic ecosystems. These pollutants can be released into the environment even after passing through a wastewater treatment plant. Unfortunately, even the treatment of water for drinking purposes cannot completely remove residual concentrations of pharmaceutical substances. This has led to a constant search for new methods of wastewater decontamination. In this work,...
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Phytoextraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory substances
Sacher, Šimon ; Smrček, Stanislav (advisor) ; Vlk, Martin (referee)
Phytoextraction is an example of a method of removal of chemical pollutants from the environment. The objective of this thesis was the possibility of the removal of selected pharmaceuticals and one pharmaceutical metabolite through maize (Zea mays) growth. The main point of interest was the group of pharmaceuticals called NSAIDs. One of the chosen pharmaceuticals being ibuprofen, whose initial concentration in the growing medium of 5 mg/l was lowered in 9 days by 99 % and from the initial concentration of 10 mg/l of the same pharmaceutical by 77 %. The possibility of phytoextraction of the metabolite 2-hydroxyibuprofen was also examined. From its initial concentration of 5 mg/l the concentration was lowered by 47 % in 9 days. The last examined xenobiotic was ketoprofen whose initial concentration of 5 mg/l was lowered by 89 % in 9 days. The concentration of pharmaceuticals accumulated in the plant body during the cultivation was assessed. The values of concentration were higher in the shoot system and were dispersed in the magnitude of hundreths of mg of the pharmaceutical per g of fresh plant weight. In the root system the values fell into the magnitude of thousandths of mg per g of fresh plant weight. The concentration of accumulated 2-hydroxyibuprofen fell under the limit of detection. The...
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Phytoremediation of triazoles
Doležalová, Zuzana ; Smrček, Stanislav (advisor) ; Hýsková, Veronika (referee)
This bachelor thesis is devoted to the phytoextraction of triazoles, anastrozole and letrozole, which are classified as third-generation non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors. Individual phytoextraction experiments were performed on maize (Zea mays) plants cultured in the sterile medium. In both experiments, the phytoextraction efficiency in the extracted samples was determined by HPLC with a UV detector at a wavelength of 215 nm. The phytoextraction efficiency of anastrozole was 0,067 mg per 1 gram of fresh weight (FW). The phytoextraction efficiency of plants for letrozole was 0,082 mg/g(FW). In the determination of extractable residues from plants, higher concentrations of the pharmaceutical were measured in the roots of contaminated plants. The highest concentration was determined in the roots of letrozole- contaminated plants at 0,0034 mg/g(FW). Biochemical analysis of the plants was also done, the amount of proteins was measured by the Bradford method, where there was a decrease in protein content in the leaves of plants cultivated with the drugs. The activity of total and membrane-bound peroxides was increased in most cases compared to the control group, the highest increase was observed in the determination of membrane-bound peroxides in the roots of plants cultured in anastrozole medium. An...
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Preparation of new chiral phases for HPLC anchored to silica gel using electrostatic interactions
Tomanová, Adéla ; Jindřich, Jindřich (advisor) ; Smrček, Stanislav (referee)
The focus of this thesis is the synthesis of chiral modifiers for silica gel based on amylose modified with dimethyl or dichlorophenyl isocyanates and positively charged anchors, which will allow strong ionic binding to silica gel. The stability of the stationary phases thus prepared is then studied by liquid chromatography as well as the ability to separate selected enantiomers. Two chiral silica gel modifiers were prepared in which the amylose contained dimethyl phenyl carbamate (DMFKA) or dichlorophenyl carbamate (DCFKA) groups in addition to the covalently bonded anchor. The results of elemental analysis showed incomplete modification of the hydroxyl groups of the second modifier, DCFKA, which also corresponded to the poor chromatographic results obtained on columns packed with this phase. Enantioselective separations of α-(1-naphthyl)benzylamine, fenamiphos and a number of chiral adamantane derivatives were achieved on columns packed with DMFKA phase. The possibility of modifying silica gel in an already packed HPLC column with a modifier from solution was also demonstrated by pumping this solution through a silica gel packed column and subsequent washing into the mobile phase. Keywords: chiral separation, electrostatic interaction, HPLC
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Air source heat pump
Krejsa, Petr ; Smrček, Stanislav (referee) ; Hejčík, Jiří (advisor)
The master's thesis deals with the description of heat pump technology (HP) and its use for apartment buildings. The theoretical part contains an introduction, performance of heat pump technology, in particular a compressor heat pump (CHP). In this section is also mentioned about heat pumps for an apartment buildings. Main focus of this thesis is a design of a compact air-water heat pump for the company AISECO spol. s.r.o. This section is focused a design of an individual components of cooling circulation together with proposal of the circulation and principle of operation.
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Family House
Smrček, Stanislav ; Chybová, Tereza (referee) ; Mazánek, Pavel (advisor)
Subject of the bachelor´s thesis is single-family, serial familial house in Brno-Chrlice. The building is designed in flat terrain. The main entrance is oriented to the southeast. Consists of one basement and two storey (floor). The house is bulit from building systém VELOX. Roof is flat with green, roof of outbuilding is saddle.
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Using N-hydroxysuccinimidyl formate as a CO source in tandem reactions
Bahramian, Artur ; Matoušová, Eliška (advisor) ; Smrček, Stanislav (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the use of N-hydroxysuccinimidyl formate as a source of CO in tandem reactions. The prepared starting materials were used in a tandem reaction involving cyclic carbopalladation, carbonylation and cross-coupling. The first part of the thesis describes the synthesis of starting material with a six-membered ring and of the selected CO surrogate. These compounds were subjected to a tandem reaction to form a product with a carbonyl group. Furthermore, the reaction conditions were studied and then the efficiency of using the selected formate compared to the gaseous carbon monoxide was compared. Keywords: synthesis, tandem reaction, cross-coupling, N-hydroxysuccinimidyl formate, carbon monoxide
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Production of human milk oligosaccharides in the cell factory of E. coli
Havrdová, Jana ; Bojarová, Pavla (advisor) ; Smrček, Stanislav (referee)
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are among the most abundant components of human breast milk and are essential for the development of neonatal health. It is very challenging to isolate these oligosaccharides from animal milk, especially the less abundant ones. Therefore, different approaches are to be sought after. Chemical and enzymatic syntheses of these compounds are labor-intensive, and expensive affording low yields. A newly adopted approach to HMO synthesis is through bac- terial cell factories, in which genetically engineered bacterial strains can use cheap carbohydrate substrates and convert them into specific oligosaccharides. The aim of this thesis is to examine the feasibility of using selected bacterial strain (E. coli) for the production of HMOs. With lactose as a glycan substrate, the bacterial host has to be β-galactosidase deficient, otherwise, the substrate would be degraded. In order to generate higher lactose intake in the cell, a crp gene that encodes for the positive transcriptional regulator (Catabolite Activator Protein - CAP) can be incorporated into the host organism. The cloned plasmid - pRSFDuet- 1-crp was used for the transformation of into the selected bacterial strain. Lactose from the cells was purified by gel chromatography and the influence of CAP over expression...
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Phytoremediation potential of higher plants - phytoextraction of paroxetine
Štelbacká, Kristína ; Smrček, Stanislav (advisor) ; Hýsková, Veronika (referee)
Environmental pollution has long been an important issue for humanity. There are many mechanical and chemical pollutants in water and soil that need to be removed. Xenobiotics, which are increasingly found in the environment, are also a problem. This thesis deals with the study of the phytoextraction of the drug paroxetine using the plant maize (Zea mays). The antidepressant paroxetine belongs to the group of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and is used for the treatment of depressive disorders. The plants were cultured in sterile medium for the time necessary for sufficient growth. Subsequently, paroxetine was added to the plant medium and samples were collected for 96 hours. For the first experiment the concentration of drug in the medium was 3 mg ∙ l−1 , for the second 2 mg ∙ l−1 and for the third 1 mg ∙ l−1 . To determine the phytoextraction activity, the collected samples were detected by HPLC system with UV detector. The phytoextraction efficiency of paroxetine was determined to be 0.0023 mg/g(fresh weight) for the first experiment and 0.0014 mg/g(fresh weight) for the second experiment. Plants used for phytoremediation have increased potential for oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species formation. After the phytoextraction experiments, the antioxidant capacities of the leaf and...
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