|
|
Food allergies in preschool children
Tomíšková, Markéta ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Sadílková, Aneta (referee)
1 Food allergies in children are common (affecting up to 8% of children) and their prevalence has been increasing in the last two to three decades. The basic measure for the long-term management of food allergy is an elimination diet, i.e. the exclusion of the relevant allergen from the diet. An elimination diet can disrupt and endanger healthy growth and development of a child. Therefore, it is important that elimination diets with a serious impact on the patient's diet are based on a medically confirmed diagnosis of food allergy. Preschool children eat to a significant extent outside their homes - 60 % of their diet is provided by the nursery school. The aim of the work is to provide parents of children with suspected or actual food allergy practical recommendations regarding their nutrition in the form of educational material, using the latest theoretical knowledge and with emphasis on food elimination only on the basis of proven food allergy and help to parents regarding nutrition of allergic children in nursery school. The main output of the work consists of educational material in Annex 2 of the thesis. The educational material will help to increase parents' awareness of food allergy and the need to confirm it by an allergist, especially in cases of risk of serious reactions and serious effects on the...
|
|
|
The effect of a low carbohydrate diet on the compensation of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Sedlářová, Lenka ; Sucharda, Petr (advisor) ; Sadílková, Aneta (referee)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance and several secondary complications. The prevalence of patients is constantly increasing, and thus the effort to improve the quality of therapy, new findings, and procedures capable of being applied in clinical practice are sought. Patients live with the disease for a long time, and the purpose of treatment is to improve the quality of life of diabetics and delay the onset of associated health complications. A combination of regimen measures is essential for successful treatment. Dietary measures in the form of a low-carbohydrate diet are still a popular choice of dietary options among diabetics. The aim of the practical part of the work was to prove the positive effect of a low- carbohydrate diet on T2D compensation. The primary objective was to demonstrate a significant reduction in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients who eat or have eaten according to the principles of a low-carbohydrate diet for at least 12 months. Secondary objectives were set as follows: reduction of relative weight (BMI), reduction of pharmacotherapy and/or reduction of daily doses of antidiabetic drugs, reduction of fasting blood glucose and improvement of the lipid spectrum. The research group included patients from the...
|
|
|
Energy needs and body composition in individuals with transverse spinal cord injury
Pavlíčková, Jana ; Sadílková, Aneta (advisor) ; Staňová, Alžběta (referee)
Introduction Spinal cord injury is associated with negative changes in body composition, glucose and lipid metabolism. This fact is responsible for a higher risk of metabolic complications in patients with a transverse spinal cord lesion (TML). Individuals tend to achieve a positive energy balance, which leads to an increase in adipose tissue, the development of overweight and obesity and other diseases, and last but not least, to the deterioration of self-sufficiency. Setting optimal energy intake is main key to maintain the patient's health and quality of life. Target The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to determine resting energy rate (RMR) in people after a transverse spinal cord injury. The subject of interest is also the comparison of the results with the prediction equation of Harris-Benedict with the indirect calorimetry (NK) method, to determine the body composition and determine the real energy intake of the diet. A control set of healthy individuals without the handicap of a transverse spinal cord lesion was chosen for the comparison of the obtained data. Methodology The research group consists of adults after a transverse spinal cord lesion. There were 26 people included, 11 women and 15 men, clients of the non-profit organization Centrum Paraple, o.p.s. The average age is 40.3 years...
|
|
|
The effect of nutritional intervention on weight development, development of body composition and dietary changes in obese patients
Lahodová, Klára ; Sadílková, Aneta (advisor) ; Souza Lopes, Kristýna (referee)
Introduction: Despite modern methods of obesity treatment, such as pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery, lifestyle intervention remains a key element of therapy. Changing exercise and dietary habits leading to a negative energy balance is a prerequisite for weight reduction. Undoubtedly, this is a long-term process in which the patient needs the professional supervision of a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals. Dietitians provide the obese patient with individualized dietary recommendations with regard to his or her health and current living conditions. Thus, regular nutritional intervention can contribute to a higher success of the reduction regime. Objectives: The aim of this theses is to find out what effect nutritional intervention has on the development of body weight, body composition and dietary regime in a cohort of obese patients who consulted with a dietitian during 6 months. To compare changes in body weight, a control group of obesity outpatients who were under the care of a physician only and had not attended any consultation with a dietitian or had attended at most one nutritional consultation was selected. Methodology: Data collection took place on III. Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles...
|
|
|
The predictor of the weight
Sadílková, Aneta ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Svačina, Štěpán (referee)
Introduction: Conservative reduction mode still represents an essential element in treatment of obesity. It is based on inducing a negative energy balance by reducing energy intake and increasing energy expenditure. Objective: Create a test database using collected data and implement a Weight Predictor web application that predicts real body weight loss for people intending to lose weight. Methods: The sample included 45 subjects, 31 female and 14 male, visiting the obesity clinic of Third Department of Internal Medicine of the General University Hospital. Using the prospective method, we have collected data documenting the development of weight loss in these subjects in the first month of reduction. Changes in weight and changes in waist and hip circumference were recorded in direct connection with the real energy intake and expenditure. The collected data was analyzed in terms of its completeness and validity in order to select a suitable sample for testing the Weight Predictor application. Statistical evaluation of the data was performed in order to evaluate the overall success of weight loss in the subjects. Results: The overall success rate of the reduction mode was assessed as 67%. This means that 30 patients out of 45 were able to lose weight at least in the first month of the program. In...
|
|
|
Eating habits of bank customer service representatives and their possible risks
Petříčková, Lenka ; Starnovská, Tamara (advisor) ; Sadílková, Aneta (referee)
The thesis of this work looks at sedentary job - using the example of bank advisers, their eating habits and physical activity - and possible health risks resulting from the sedentary lifestyle. Objective: To recognise eating habits of the bank advisers in ČSOB a.s., the degree of their physical activity and possible health risk evaluation. Research method: The research took place in the ČSOB a.s. branch network in the form of a survey, in which a questionnaire was distributed to bankers either in person or by e-mail. The sample consisted of 66 bankers, 40 of them were women and 26 men. Result: 56% of bankers surveyed are overweight or even obese, taking their MBI into consideration, 73% have gained weight after becoming bankers. 79% eat mainly at restaurants during their workdays, 24% have inadequate water consumption, 9% mention sugary drinks as their main source of water, 26% consume alcohol in higher than recommended amounts, 12% do not occupy themselves with any physical activity. The result has confirmed that sedentary jobs contribute significantly to weight gain and that bankers are among the groups in risk of possible development of civilisation-related diseases. Keywords: healthy nutrition, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, physical activity
|
|
|
Effectiveness of variety dietary approaches in the therapy of type 2 diabetes
Šindelář, Miloslav ; Krejčí, Hana (advisor) ; Sadílková, Aneta (referee)
Diabetes mellitus is a serious chronic disease, ranking as one of the most leading causes of death in the world. This condition causes a substantial increase in the total cost of healthcare and decreases the quality of life of hundreds of millions of people around the world. Despite all preventive measures and the rise of healthcare quality, the total number of patients with diabetes is increasing. There are several types of diabetes distinguished, however, most cases (90 %) are diagnosed as type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although diabetes is genetically predisposed, we are able to modify the risk and treatment with our lifestyle. It turns out that the diet plays a crucial role in therapy, even in possible remission of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to objectively and critically compare dietary approaches which are used in type 2 diabetes therapy. On the basis of 10 RCT studies analysis, which were published between 2011-2021, it emerges that there are several dietary approaches showing effectivness in terms of their ability to reduce levels of glycated hemoglobin, lower medication intake, reduce weight and even to induce complete or partial remission in patients with type 2 diabetes. Results of this work show that the effective dietary approaches are low-carb diet, low-fat diet,...
|
|
|
Effect of body composition on resting metabolic rate in obese patients
Staňová, Alžběta ; Sadílková, Aneta (advisor) ; Mikeš, Ondřej (referee)
Introduction: Changes in eating habits and incorporation of physical activities remain to be the main methods in treating obesity. To set an adequate calorie intake, which would lead to weight loss, it is necessary to determine energy needs of an individual. For that energy intake and energy expenditure need to be determinate. However, energy expenditure is difficult to determine since it is contributed of three components. Basal, respectively resting metabolic rate (RMR), which is affected by a body composition, has the greatest influence on a total energy expenditure. Indirect calorimetry (IC) is considered to be a gold standard to determine RMR. When RMR is calculated by prediction equations instead, such as Harris-Benedict (H-B) equation, energy needs are overestimate or underestimate for people with abnormal body composition. Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyse data of RMR obtained using IC in connection to body composition. The main aim is to determine how fat free mas (FFM) and fat mass (FM) are affecting RMR in obese patients. There is also a comparation of RMR measured by the IC and RMR calculated using H-B equation as a part of this study, while IC is considered to be a reference method. Methods: Patients new to ambulance of obesitology at General University Hospital in Prague...
|
|
|
Use of indirect calorimetry in nutritional therapy
Pokorná, Veronika ; Sadílková, Aneta (advisor) ; Žůrková, Pavla (referee)
Introduction: Indirect calorimetry (IC) is a very accurate and non-invasive method which is used in clinical practice to measure the resting metabolic rate. This method is based on the assumption that oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production and nitrogen metabolite waste are in definite relation to energy consumption. Based on the measurement of resting metabolic rate, a nutritional therapist can individually determine daily energy intake of a respective individual, the optimal amount of specific nutrients and thus prevents excessive or inadequate intake of energy and nutrients. Objective: The main aim of this thesis is to compare for group of overweight patients the results of the measurement of the resting metabolic rate (RMR), values of the resting metabolic rate calculated according to the Harris-Benedict (HB) equation and the actual energy intake calculated from the diet report obtained from the patients. In addition, the body composition of the examined group with a focus on the amount of muscle tissue is also marginally evaluated. Methods: The research sample includes in total 50 persons-36 women and 14 men. These persons are patients of the General Faculty Hospital in Prague. The average age is 46 years for women and 51 years for men. The average BMI for women is 38,2 kg/m2 and for men...
|
|
|
Obesity and type 1 diabetes mellitus
Zábranská, Klára ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Sadílková, Aneta (referee)
Even though patients with the diabetes mellitus type 1 disease were considered slim individuals, the occurrence of overweight and obesity is a more common issue which is not given enough attention. Thus, the topic of obesity, diabetes mellitus, the unheatlhy obese individuals with the diabetes mellitus dissease is becoming more current. The goal of the bachelor thesis is to collect basic data, evaulate compensation of diabetes mellites and to compare BMI of tracked patients with the mellitus type 1 diagnosis, who visited the diabetic department in the span of one month: 1. - 30. November 2019 versus general population. The data were collected from doctors' documents of the patients. One of the monitored parameters was the presence of overweight and obesity with the patients. The theoretical part of the thesis provides basic information about the diabetes mellitus following information about obesity. The final chapter connects these two diseases. The practical part of the thesis consists of a provision of the basic information of the group of patients, a comparison of BMI between the followed sample and general population, a compartion of t HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) between patients with CGM/FGM (a sensor for continual monitoring of glycemia) and those without it, a comparison of medial BMI (body...
|
guest ::
RSS feed.