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Role of glial cells in pathophysiology of demyelinating diseases of the nervous system
Holásek, Michal ; Kriška, Ján (advisor) ; Pivoňková, Helena (referee)
Glial cells, such as oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, NG2 glia, astrocytes, and microglia, play a major role in the homeostasis of the nervous system, including the myelin sheath maintenance. Enveloping myelin sheaths produced by oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, provide a mechanical, isolating, and trophic support to the axons. Importantly, a disruption of a certain component or a dysregulation of a specific process may lead to the collapse and the loss of the myelin sheath, known as demyelination. Axonal demyelination is a pathological condition characteristic of different neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, Charcot-Marie- Toth disease, or Lyme neuroborreliosis. Since, demyelinating diseases are still more prevalent in the population, a suitable and effective treatment is crucial for the patients. However, treatment is not available, which results from an insufficient understanding of pathological mechanisms, low permeability through the blood-brain barrier, and a limited regenerative capacity of the nervous system. Therefore, further research in the field of demyelinating diseases is necessary. Key words: oligodendrocyte precursor cell, oligodendrocyte, Schwann cell, myelination, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, multiple sclerosis,...
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Membrane Properties of Glial Cells after Ischemia in vivo
Pivoňková, Helena ; Anděrová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Vyklický, Ladislav (referee) ; Vlachová, Viktorie (referee)
In my PhD thesis, I aimed to characterize the membrane properties of astrocytes and NG2 glia during the acute and chronic phases of the ischemic injury in the central nervous system with a focus on the expression and activity of K+ ion channels. Two ischemia models in rats were used for the experiments - global cerebral ischemia 5 causing selective neuronal loss and astrogliosis in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, and incubation of spinal cord segments in a solution with high K+ concentration. We found that hippocampal astrocytes depolarize starting 3 days after ischemia, and demonstrate an increase in the inward rectification of their whole cell currents 1 month after ischemia. The Kir4.1 channel expression in the hippocampal tissue was downregulated starting 3 days after ischemia, while the expression of Kir2.1, Kir5.1 and TREK1 channels was strongly upregulated in reactive astrocytes 1 month after ischemia. NG2 glia displayed a significant increase in the outwardly rectifying delayed and A-type K+ (KDR and KA) currents 2 hours and 3 days after ischemia, and a decrease in the inwardly rectifying K+ currents 3 days after ischemia, a typical current pattern of proliferating cells. Complex astrocytes in the spinal cord pre-incubated in a solution with high [K+] showed the largest changes in their membrane...
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Membrane Properties of Glial Cells after Ischemia in vivo
Pivoňková, Helena ; Anděrová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Vyklický, Ladislav (referee) ; Vlachová, Viktorie (referee)
In my PhD thesis, I aimed to characterize the membrane properties of astrocytes and NG2 glia during the acute and chronic phases of the ischemic injury in the central nervous system with a focus on the expression and activity of K+ ion channels. Two ischemia models in rats were used for the experiments - global cerebral ischemia 5 causing selective neuronal loss and astrogliosis in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, and incubation of spinal cord segments in a solution with high K+ concentration. We found that hippocampal astrocytes depolarize starting 3 days after ischemia, and demonstrate an increase in the inward rectification of their whole cell currents 1 month after ischemia. The Kir4.1 channel expression in the hippocampal tissue was downregulated starting 3 days after ischemia, while the expression of Kir2.1, Kir5.1 and TREK1 channels was strongly upregulated in reactive astrocytes 1 month after ischemia. NG2 glia displayed a significant increase in the outwardly rectifying delayed and A-type K+ (KDR and KA) currents 2 hours and 3 days after ischemia, and a decrease in the inwardly rectifying K+ currents 3 days after ischemia, a typical current pattern of proliferating cells. Complex astrocytes in the spinal cord pre-incubated in a solution with high [K+] showed the largest changes in their membrane...
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Vyhodnocení účinnosti čistírny odpadních vod v Náměšti nad Oslavou
Pivoňková, Helena
The thesis "The Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Sewage Disposal Plant in Náměšt nad Oslavou" compares the effectiveness of two wastewater treatment technologies, the first and the current one. The practical part deals with the importance of treatment of sewage and the overview of the legislation dealing with water. It also describes the types of wastewater, some indicators of pollution of water from sewage and particular possibilities for wastewater treatment. The practical part contains a description of wastewater management in the town. It also describes of the historically first and the current wastewater treatment technologies and contains the survey of the water permits intended for water management. The chapters "Evaluation of Results" include graphs of the results of the analytical control of wastewater and the defined flow rates. The results show that the first-ever sewage disposal plant was insufficient for the needs of the city, which led to the construction of a new wastewater treatment plant. The existing wastewater treatment technology is adapted to the current needs of the city and is also taking into account its future development. The existing wastewater treatment plant fulfills the minimum requirement values of the wastewater treatment efficiency. The concentration of the pollution of wastewater at the wastewater treatment plant does not exceed the prescribed emission standards. The hydraulic and substance demand on the technology achieves the mean value.
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