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The Effect of the Introduction of Fee-For-Service on the Demand for Outpatient Care
Žílová, Pavlína ; Votápková, Jana (advisor) ; Pavloková, Kateřina (referee)
The thesis estimates the effect of the 2008 introduction of regulatory fees for outpatient visits by using 2009 health reform, abolition of co-payments for children, as a natural experiment. To estimate this effect we use micro-level data from EU-SILC survey and two different econometric models - Multinomial logit (MNL) and Zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB). As co-payments for examination were abolished only for children, we use children as a treatment group and adult part of the population as a control group in difference-in-differences approach. We found an insignificant effect, i.e. introduction of user charges was ineffective in reducing number of doctor visits in Czech Republic. Another important result from this analysis is the significant role of the socio-economic characteristics, associated with the tendency of health-care utilization.
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Regional variation in health care spending
Hadrová, Petra ; Pavloková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Hildebrandt, Barbora (referee)
This thesis examines the regional variation in health care spending in the Czech Republic. The problem of regional variation in health care spending has been a subject of many studies all over the word for several years. Dartmouth Atlas in the United States in 1998 pointed out significant differences in the consumption and financing of health care. In different countries apply different health care systems, yet they have something in common. It is the regional variation in health care consumption and spending. In the Czech Republic the problem of area variation was marginally analyzed by the Roundtable (Kulatý stůl). Detailed analysis, however, does not exist. This paper uses VZP data that are related to 2009 and represent individual consumption data of health care segments covered by health insurance. Using secondary analysis of these data we find and analyze specific regional variations in health care spending across all heath care segments, even on a district level.
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Unemployment hysteresis in the Czech Republic
Bechný, Jakub ; Baxa, Jaromír (advisor) ; Pavloková, Kateřina (referee)
This thesis presents an empirical analysis of the unemployment hysteresis in the Czech Republic on quarterly data from 1999 to 2015. The hysteresis is modelled by allowing for: (i) impact of the cyclical unemployment on the NAIRU; (ii) impact of the long-term un- employment on the NAIRU. Models are written in state space form and estimated using Bayesian approach. The main contributions of this thesis are as follows. The results pro- vide robust evidence in favour of the hysteresis in the Czech Republic, but precise size of the hysteresis effect is surrounded by relatively large uncertainty. Posterior mean estimates of key parameters indicate that in response to increase in the cyclical unemployment of 1 percentage point, the NAIRU increases by 0.15 percentage points. The first specification of the hysteresis implies that the hysteresis induced changes in the Czech Republic's NAIRU of at most 1 percentage point. The hysteresis specified as impact of the long-term unemploy- ment on the NAIRU then implies even weaker effect, inducing changes in the NAIRU of at most 0.6 percentage points. The models are estimated jointly with the hybrid Phillips curve identified using survey forecasts as proxies for the expectations. Estimate of the expecta- tions' parameter 0.65 indicates the forward-looking nature of the Czech...
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Effect of education on health: The Czech Republic case
Pažitka, Marek ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Pavloková, Kateřina (referee)
Previous research has uncovered a large, positive and causal link between education and health. This paper is devoted to examining the topic in the former Czechoslovakia. My analysis is conducted on a data set pooled from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). I utilize a continuum of ages at school entry, caused by the use of a single school cut-off, to identify the effect of education on health, which is uniquely created from the PCA method and using 30 questions of the SHARE. Therefore, I apply instrumental variable approach with a month of birth as an instrument for education. The results from the first-stage suggest that the instrument is not valid, since a correlation between the instrumental (Month of birth) and the instrumented variable (education) is very low and insignificant. The results remain insignificant even after adjusting for different measures of education, health, institutional changes or heterogeneous effects. As the most probable cause, I state the inability to control for non-compliers in my instrumental variable regressions. As a consequence, all the results regarding the link between education and health are inconclusive. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Regional variation in health care spending
Hadrová, Petra ; Pavloková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Hildebrandt, Barbora (referee)
This thesis examines the regional variation in health care spending in the Czech Republic. The problem of regional variation in health care spending has been a subject of many studies all over the word for several years. Dartmouth Atlas in the United States in 1998 pointed out significant differences in the consumption and financing of health care. In different countries apply different health care systems, yet they have something in common. It is the regional variation in health care consumption and spending. In the Czech Republic the problem of area variation was marginally analyzed by the Roundtable (Kulatý stůl). Detailed analysis, however, does not exist. This paper uses VZP data that are related to 2009 and represent individual consumption data of health care segments covered by health insurance. Using secondary analysis of these data we find and analyze specific regional variations in health care spending across all heath care segments, even on a district level.
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Long-Term Care in the Czech Republic: The Way Forward
Blechová, Lucie ; Pavloková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Lebovič, Michal (referee)
This thesis focuses on the future development of expenditures on long-term care in the Czech Republic. It consists of an introduction to the problems of population ageing and long-term care and then uses a mathematical model to predict the future expenditures on long-term care until the year 2060. The impact of population ageing on these costs is crucial. The prediction is based on an external population projection and uses data on long-term care capturing about 65% of Czech population which makes the prediction very unique. The thesis contains the results of this projection as well as their comparison with another model using the same population projection.
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Slovak health care and its technical efficiency
Hnath, Martin ; Pavloková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Cingl, Lubomír (referee)
This thesis deals with the Slovak health care and its efficiency. It uses cross-sectional data particularly from the year 2008 to assess technical efficiency of the Slovak health care in the system of countries of the current European Union. For the analysis, the thesis uses indicators of health care utilization, capacity indicators and factors concer- ning population's state of health. It applies the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and input oriented approach to evaluate relative efficiency as well as to appraise reduced values of input variables that would maintain current population's state of health. By the specification of three models, it comes into conclusion that the efficiency of the Slovak health care is below average when compared with stated sample of countries. Its value of efficiency given as the average of final values of selected models is 85.5%. As the analysis shows, the given output could be produced with the lower amount of sources as well. It is needed to make priority changes in increasing the efficiency of public spending, in reduction of the number of hospital beds and also in reduction of the amount of in-patient care admissions. 1
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Development of population ageing and its impact on long-term care expenditures in the Czech Republic
Konířová, Kristýna ; Pavloková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Dózsa, Martin (referee)
This paper examines and analyzes development of population ageing in the Czech Republic and its likely future development and impact on long-term care costs. Long-term care is defined in detail and subdivided. Views of the European Union and the Czech Republic on the future development of long-term care are also summarized. Selected categories of expenditures are described and analyzed, including differences in spending on inpatient care and home care. The model, which tests whether and how population aging and other factors (e.g. GDP, number of beds, etc.) affect the long-term care expenses is processed at the end of the thesis.
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The Effect of the Introduction of Fee-For-Service on the Demand for Outpatient Care
Žílová, Pavlína ; Votápková, Jana (advisor) ; Pavloková, Kateřina (referee)
The thesis estimates the effect of the 2008 introduction of regulatory fees for outpatient visits by using 2009 health reform, abolition of co-payments for children, as a natural experiment. To estimate this effect we use micro-level data from EU-SILC survey and two different econometric models - Multinomial logit (MNL) and Zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB). As co-payments for examination were abolished only for children, we use children as a treatment group and adult part of the population as a control group in difference-in-differences approach. We found an insignificant effect, i.e. introduction of user charges was ineffective in reducing number of doctor visits in Czech Republic. Another important result from this analysis is the significant role of the socio-economic characteristics, associated with the tendency of health-care utilization.
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The impact of the form of ownership on the financial performance of a hospital
Jankura, Adam ; Pavloková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Havránková, Zuzana (referee)
This thesis examines the influence of legal form of ownership of a hospital on its fi- nancial performance in the Czech republic. Applying the 2009 cross-sectional data on hospitals, several performance indicators were explored. We used both external and internal hospital characteristics determining financial performance, which we observed on the basis of accounting data. Through employed regression analysis, the relationship between the legal form of ownership and performance was not confirmed. On the other hand, the analysis found significant positive influence of private ownership, which is an essential condition of utilization of potencial positive effects of the corporate legal form of ownership. Better financial performance of the private hospitals and non-significant differences in the performance of public hospitals of both legal forms of ownership (semi- budgetory organization or corporation) confirm these conclusions. Moreover, according to our results, hospital profitability is determined by some demografic factors as well as by the size of hospitals. This thesis reveals that effort of the state to increase financial performance of public hospitals through the change of their legal form does not bring desired effects.
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