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Effect of education on health: The Czech Republic case
Pažitka, Marek ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Bauer, Michal (referee)
Previous research has uncovered a large, positive and causal link between education and health. This paper is devoted to examining the topic in the former Czechoslovakia. My analysis is conducted on a data set pooled from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). I utilize a continuum of ages at school entry, caused by the use of a single school cut-off, to identify the effect of education on health, which is uniquely created from the PCA method and using 30 questions of the SHARE. Therefore, I apply instrumental variable approach with a month of birth as an instrument for education. The results from the first-stage suggest that the instrument is not valid, since a correlation between the instrumental (Month of birth) and the instrumented variable (education) is very low and insignificant. The results remain insignificant even after adjusting for different measures of education, health, institutional changes or heterogeneous effects. As the most probable cause, I state the inability to control for non-compliers in my instrumental variable regressions. As a consequence, all the results regarding the link between education and health are inconclusive. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Effect of education on health: The Czech Republic case
Pažitka, Marek ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Pavloková, Kateřina (referee)
Previous research has uncovered a large, positive and causal link between education and health. This paper is devoted to examining the topic in the former Czechoslovakia. My analysis is conducted on a data set pooled from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). I utilize a continuum of ages at school entry, caused by the use of a single school cut-off, to identify the effect of education on health, which is uniquely created from the PCA method and using 30 questions of the SHARE. Therefore, I apply instrumental variable approach with a month of birth as an instrument for education. The results from the first-stage suggest that the instrument is not valid, since a correlation between the instrumental (Month of birth) and the instrumented variable (education) is very low and insignificant. The results remain insignificant even after adjusting for different measures of education, health, institutional changes or heterogeneous effects. As the most probable cause, I state the inability to control for non-compliers in my instrumental variable regressions. As a consequence, all the results regarding the link between education and health are inconclusive. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Effect of education on health: The Czech Republic case
Pažitka, Marek ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Bauer, Michal (referee)
Previous research has uncovered a large, positive and causal link between education and health. This paper is devoted to examining the topic in the former Czechoslovakia. My analysis is conducted on a data set pooled from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). I utilize a continuum of ages at school entry, caused by the use of a single school cut-off, to identify the effect of education on health, which is uniquely created from the PCA method and using 30 questions of the SHARE. Therefore, I apply instrumental variable approach with a month of birth as an instrument for education. The results from the first-stage suggest that the instrument is not valid, since a correlation between the instrumental (Month of birth) and the instrumented variable (education) is very low and insignificant. The results remain insignificant even after adjusting for different measures of education, health, institutional changes or heterogeneous effects. As the most probable cause, I state the inability to control for non-compliers in my instrumental variable regressions. As a consequence, all the results regarding the link between education and health are inconclusive. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Ekonomie rodiny: Vliv znečištěného ovzduší na pohlaví dětí
Pažitka, Marek ; Stroukal, Dominik (advisor) ; Nikolovová, Pavla (referee)
The Trivers-Willard hypothesis (TWH) states that parents in good conditions will bias the sex ratio toward sons and parents in poor conditions will bias the sex ratio toward daughters. The present study contributes to literature in several ways: a large, general, country population data set (N= 1 401 851) from modern contemporary society; first study in the Czech Republic; an inclusion of air pollution into the TWH estimation; and a more detailed focus on stillbirths. With the natality microdata from the Czech Statistical Office and data concerning the level of air pollution in the Czech Republic from the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, I analyze if the biological and socio-economics status of mothers and the characteristics of our surroundings (air pollution) affect the sex of children. The results are insignificant or not robust across specifications. I identified three hypotheses which are most likely the reason for the insignificant results: a non-inclusion of the biological and socio-economical status of a father, insufficient diversity or evolutionarily novel environment in the Czech Republic. As a conclusion, the presented evidence suggests that stillbirths are random in the Czech Republic and that the sex ratio is not affected by the socio-economics status of mothers or the characteristics of our surroundings (pollution).
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Změny porodného a načasování porodů
Pažitka, Marek ; Houdek, Petr (advisor) ; Bartoň, Petr (referee)
On the 1st of April the amendment to the Act on State Social Support came into force. This amendment increased the amount of birth grant on more than a double. The increase was announced less than nine months, ahead of implementation, nevertheless, the mothers behaved strategically in order to gain from that benefit. That way, the April 1 reaches on the biggest value of the adjusted relative number of births of the entire year 2006. On micro-data, I used the Regression-discontinuity design (further stated RD) and I found out on the 99% of confidence interval that 64 to 158 births were moved from the last week of Mach to the first week of April. The mothers, who had more children, were divorced or those expecting twins were most often likely to shift their childbirths. I was unable to verify my hypothesis, of children's health being in danger due to lack of observations. I also successfully point out robustness of my RD results with the help of other econometric methods.
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