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Types of Leishmania development in phlebotomine species
Nováková, Julie ; Votýpka, Jan (advisor) ; Sádlová, Jovana (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to depict the means of Leishmania development in sand flies (Phlebotominae). Three main Leishmania evolutionary branches (subgenera Leishmania, Viannia and Sauroleishmania) have a slightly different development in the vector, the Sauroleishmania development being the least known. The vector-bound development of the subgenus Leishmania is localized in the midgut and foregut of the sand fly solely, whereas species of the Viannia subgenus occur in the hindgut (although the necessity of this phase for a successful development and infection of the vertebrate host is a matter of doubt) and the subgenus Sauroleishmania development is according to literature confined to the hindgut. Quite little is known about the genus Endotrypanum, according to phylogenetic data set inside the Leishmania group. In my bachelor thesis, I review up-to-date literature on the topic of different types of Leishmania development inside the sand flies and their probable reasons.
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Utilization of experimental games' methods in the study of cooperation, altruism and fairness and their biological predictors
Nováková, Julie ; Flegr, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Lindová, Jitka (referee)
Cooperative, altruistic and fairness-exhibiting behavior is an important topic in evolutionary and behavioral biology and the mechanisms leading to its evolution, ultimate as well as proximate precursors, are subject of much research in biological as well as social sciences, theoretical as well as experimental work. In light of the life history theory, I focused on the connection of one's health state and cooperative behavior in humans and tested the hypothesis that more healthy individuals would manifest more cooperative tendencies (as they would have more opportunities of future interactions and long-term benefits), and conversely. The data, obtained from a sample of university students engaged in experimental games (Dictator Game, Ultimatum Game, Expanded Ultimatum Game, Trust Game, and Reversed Dictator Game) and a health and personality-focused questionnaire, did not corroborate this hypothesis. My other hypotheses - that better memory and lower temporal discounting would be related to more cooperative behavior (stemming from the conditions for reciprocal cooperation) - were supported by the data, albeit only partially in the case of memory. I also used the data from the five experimental games to briefly describe the proportions of different types of behavior (self-regarding, altruistic,...
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Types of Leishmania development in phlebotomine species
Nováková, Julie ; Votýpka, Jan (advisor) ; Sádlová, Jovana (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to depict the means of Leishmania development in sand flies (Phlebotominae). Three main Leishmania evolutionary branches (subgenera Leishmania, Viannia and Sauroleishmania) have a slightly different development in the vector, the Sauroleishmania development being the least known. The vector-bound development of the subgenus Leishmania is localized in the midgut and foregut of the sand fly solely, whereas species of the Viannia subgenus occur in the hindgut (although the necessity of this phase for a successful development and infection of the vertebrate host is a matter of doubt) and the subgenus Sauroleishmania development is according to literature confined to the hindgut. Quite little is known about the genus Endotrypanum, according to phylogenetic data set inside the Leishmania group. In my bachelor thesis, I review up-to-date literature on the topic of different types of Leishmania development inside the sand flies and their probable reasons.
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