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Pierre Roland François Butet and his Léxicologie latine et française
Nikolovová, Pavla ; Štichauer, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Duběda, Tomáš (referee)
In this work, I analyze the system of lexicology proposed by P. R. F. Butet in 1801. My main goals are to explain the inspiration Butet found in the progress of natural sciences at his time and to point out the originality and modernity of his method. I present Butet's study in its philosophic, scientific and linguistic context; I describe its theoretic background and summarize and comment its main conclusions. In this perspective, I highlight the analogy with Lavoisier's system of chemistry and discuss the reasons for such an unusual inspiration, as well as its consequences. I compare Butet's lexicological system to the modern linguistic theory, showing the similarities which can be found between the two approaches and explaining the differences. My conclusion prove that the analytic tools which Butet invented for the purpose of his study are in principle the same as those used in modern linguistic, although they are introduced under a different name.
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Essays on International Economics
Nikolovová, Pavla ; Hanousek, Jan (advisor) ; Deardorff, Alan (referee) ; Schmitt, Nicolas (referee)
In the first chapter of this work I propose a simple theoretical model describing how the inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) in a host country influences local competitors within the industry, and subsequently, what is the impact of this change on input sup- plying firms in the upstream sector. The model improves on existing theoretical work by incorporating two previously omitted factors: trade in intermediary goods and het- erogenous efficiency of firms. The main conclusion is that FDI inflow has a potential to increase the demand for intermediary goods, even though some of the old customers among the domestic firms are crowded out from the market. This effect is offset by the increased production of multinational enterprises (MNEs). In the second chapter, I discuss the fact that even though the presence of a foreign firm is considered to have strong potential to improve domestic economic conditions, including the performance of domestic firms within the sector where MNEs enter, empirical studies of the actual impact of FDI inflow on domestic firms present rather ambiguous results. I argue that this is due to some limitations of the most prevalently used methodology, which does not separate the FDI spillover effects from changes in the competitive environment faced by domestic firms. In my research, I...
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Pierre Roland François Butet and his Léxicologie latine et française
Nikolovová, Pavla ; Duběda, Tomáš (referee) ; Štichauer, Jaroslav (advisor)
In this work, I analyze the system of lexicology proposed by P. R. F. Butet in 1801. My main goals are to explain the inspiration Butet found in the progress of natural sciences at his time and to point out the originality and modernity of his method. I present Butet's study in its philosophic, scientific and linguistic context; I describe its theoretic background and summarize and comment its main conclusions. In this perspective, I highlight the analogy with Lavoisier's system of chemistry and discuss the reasons for such an unusual inspiration, as well as its consequences. I compare Butet's lexicological system to the modern linguistic theory, showing the similarities which can be found between the two approaches and explaining the differences. My conclusion prove that the analytic tools which Butet invented for the purpose of his study are in principle the same as those used in modern linguistic, although they are introduced under a different name.
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The influence of the IKEA effect on a value of good
Sedlická, Monika ; Vokoun, Marek (advisor) ; Nikolovová, Pavla (referee)
In 4 experiments in which students assembled IKEA boxes, built LEGO-like construction sets and folded origami I demonstrate and examine the IKEA effect, which is defined as consumers' willingness to pay more for self-created products than for identical products made by others. I show that their increased valuation is led by the feelings of competence associated with self-created products and that affirming consumers sense of self decreases the value one derives from his creations. I found that students value more their labor only when labor results in successful completion of task regardless of whether they are "do-it-yourselfers" or not. I did not observe the IKEA effect in particular case of origami.
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Does Sam Peltzman control also roundabouts?
Šeneklová, Zuzana ; Svoboda, Miroslav (advisor) ; Nikolovová, Pavla (referee)
The work analyzes the effect of roundabouts on safety of motorcyclists. Estimating the effect of the implementation of the model fixed effects, taking into account the fixed effects of year in which accidents are measured and fixed effects of the country in which the accident observed. The reference period is the period from 1997 to 2010 in the following countries: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Spain, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, Sweden and the United Kingdom. It concludes that an increase in the number or intensity of roundabouts has a negative impact on the number of traffic fatalities among motorcycle riders. If cyclists do not have roundabouts effect on mortality, the effect on the accident rate is similar to the bikers, but smaller.
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Máme legalizovat a dotovat korupci?
Kobrč, Marek ; Špecián, Petr (advisor) ; Nikolovová, Pavla (referee)
In this thesis, I suggest a new anti-corruption measure. The measure makes corruption unfeasible by making the interests of the culprits incompatible. This is achieved by giving immunity to the culprit who reports the corruption. Said culprit is allowed to retain any benefits he has already obtained and is given a reward for making the report. The purpose of the measure is to discourage the parties from corruption ex ante. The paper presents an argument that no immunization and reward take place, because the culprits are rendered unable to find mutually profitable corruption deals. The effect of various assumptions about the corruption is then discussed.
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Competing currencies as an alternative scenario to legal tender clause: Mathematical proof
Gawthorpe, Kateřina ; Stroukal, Dominik (advisor) ; Nikolovová, Pavla (referee)
Previous literature examining the scenario without the constraint of legal tender law is a rather theoretical analysis of the subject matter. Aside from the theoretical examination of the competition of money this paper offers dynamic structural macroeconomic model based on the money in the utility function. This model compares the current monetary conditions with the potential situation permitting more currencies circulating alongside. The main assumption about individuals' preferences over stable currencies underlines the whole paper with emphasis on the mathematical model. The uniqueness of this model lies in the incorporation of variables affecting respective money demand functions into the utility function of the DSGE model and in the purpose of its use as well as its variables, where representative agent is a household owning a bank rather than a firm. Overall the results of this paper favor the idea of exclusion of the legal tender law in a developed country without severe turmoil. Particularly, the ascent of competition among currencies leads to lower inflation than present scenario. However, final simulations of the model in Matlab supplements such so far "unambiguous" view with skepticism due to possible difficulties during discovery process in such scenario.
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Ekonomie rodiny: Vliv znečištěného ovzduší na pohlaví dětí
Pažitka, Marek ; Stroukal, Dominik (advisor) ; Nikolovová, Pavla (referee)
The Trivers-Willard hypothesis (TWH) states that parents in good conditions will bias the sex ratio toward sons and parents in poor conditions will bias the sex ratio toward daughters. The present study contributes to literature in several ways: a large, general, country population data set (N= 1 401 851) from modern contemporary society; first study in the Czech Republic; an inclusion of air pollution into the TWH estimation; and a more detailed focus on stillbirths. With the natality microdata from the Czech Statistical Office and data concerning the level of air pollution in the Czech Republic from the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, I analyze if the biological and socio-economics status of mothers and the characteristics of our surroundings (air pollution) affect the sex of children. The results are insignificant or not robust across specifications. I identified three hypotheses which are most likely the reason for the insignificant results: a non-inclusion of the biological and socio-economical status of a father, insufficient diversity or evolutionarily novel environment in the Czech Republic. As a conclusion, the presented evidence suggests that stillbirths are random in the Czech Republic and that the sex ratio is not affected by the socio-economics status of mothers or the characteristics of our surroundings (pollution).
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Impact of income inequality on quality of tertiary education: Should professors from Cambridge thank to Robin Hood?
Jedlička, Roman ; Stroukal, Dominik (advisor) ; Nikolovová, Pavla (referee)
Many factors influence quality of higher education. Current research mostly works with economic factors (GDP, higher education expenditures etc.). However, there are also publications that examine an impact of sociological aspects on quality of higher education. My research examined the impact of income inequality on quality of tertiary education. In the analysis of socioeconomic data of 76 countries I have proven that there is no linear relationship between income inequality and quality of tertiary education. According to my results the size of population, GDP per capita and being English speaking country are main drivers of quality of tertiary education. Modified model without outliers also shows that there is a positive effect of R&D expenditures on quality of tertiary education.
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Východní a západní Německo po sjednocení: Analýza mzdových rodílů
Groero, Jaroslav ; Pertold, Filip (advisor) ; Nikolovová, Pavla (referee)
Under socialism workers had their wages set by the central planners.. In my thesis I use panel data from SHARLIFE questionnaire in order to analyze how returns to East German human capital variables changed after the reunification in 1990.I also compare these returns to West German returns to human capital variables. Before 1990 the returns to experience and education were lower in East Germany than in West Germany. After the reunification East German returns to experience obtained before 1990 and to education decreased. I find a significant decrease of returns to high educated workers who spent in the East German educational system 15 and more years. East German returns to both human capital variables are smaller than West German ones before the reunification and the difference is more pronounced after the reunification.
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