|
|
Function of the pilgrimage in history of European culture
Lebedová, Šárka ; Matějů, Martin (referee) ; Czumalo, Vladimír (advisor)
We surely can maintain that peregrination is as old as mankind itself. Since the dawn of Christian events, pilgrimage is an universal phenomenon closely tied to European culture, mainly thanks to long-ago wanderings to Rome and Santiago de Compostela. Today, Santiago de Compostela is protected by UNESCO and the so called 'Camino Francés' is accepted as allegedly the first European pilgrimage trail. The immemorial pilgrimage trails of Saint James form the key historical and symbolical system of Spanish and Galician trails across regions and countries. They amalgamate Europeans as subjects and witnesses of their common past and present. The main source of information putting a seal upon it is the Codex Calixtinus, one of the crucial world-renowned pieces of medieval writings. The 'Way of Saint James' became most popular in the eighties, in paradox endangering Santiago de Compostela with all the downsides of mass tourism. In this perspective the year 1993 constitutes an important landmark, which marks the beginning of modern religious wandering in the region. In effect, the devotional pilgrims became tourists themselves, unwittingly growing and creating a specific travel product.
|
|
|
Prevention of mastitis and factors affecting somatic cell counts in milk of cows
Lebedová, Šárka ; Toušová, Renata (advisor) ; Stádník, Luděk (referee)
This thesis focuses on a mastitis, or inflammation of the mammary glands in herds of dairy cattle and the somatic cells in milk.
At the beginning is described mammary gland and milk composition. After characterization of mastitis and their differentiation by typical symptoms, ie subclinical and clinical forms. Mastitis are among the highly costly disease of cows, because of the economic consequences, which include negative changes in quality of milk, decreased milk synthesis, the financial cost of veterinary treatment and drugs, higher intensity decommissioning cows from the productive group. Following is an overview of pathogens and characteristics of the most common causes of mastitis. Described are also immune function of the mammary gland and mechanisms that occur in the mammary gland during penetration of pathogens whose mission is to destroy microorganisms. They describe the three main risk factors: pathogen external environment, cows, whose interaction is a precondition for the onset of inflammation. The following is an overview of preventive measures, which include milking teat disinfection, housing, nutrition, drying off cows and the possibility of selection for resistance to mastitis. Then there are methods for the diagnosis of mastitis, which detects the number of the somatic cells, the concentration of enzyme and lactose. Further described is the treatment of sub-clinical, clinical mastitis and prevent the occurrence of resistance to antibiotics.
The conclusion is devoted to somatic cells, which are mostly made up of white blood cells and epithelial cells. Among the factors influencing the quantity of somatic cells include: pathogens and the level of infection, milk production, age of cows and stage of lactation influence the seasons etc. Most of the somatic cells reflected the presence of pathogens in the milk, it causes inflammation, which is accompanied by migration of white blood cells from blood in milk.
|
guest ::
