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Interpretation of carbon stable isotope data from lake sediment archives
Lánová, Zuzana ; Tátosová, Jolana (advisor) ; Jandová, Kateřina (referee)
Lake sediments consist of terrestric plant matter, lacustrine plancton primary production and microbial lake biomass. All of these organism groups discriminate during C-substate fixation and/or its further assimilation heavier and more stable 13 C carbon at a certain ratio, which is reflected by 13 C concentration in their biomass and consequently in sediments. The reason of discrimination at these enzymatically controlled biochemical reactions lies at kinetic fractionation controlled by binding energies of chemical substances. Isotopic signature contained in organic matter of lake sediments can be influenced by photosyntesis intensity, formation of anoxic zone allowing methanogenic a methanotrophic bacteries activity, lake trophic state or hydrologic isolation (long periods of drought). Keywords: Paleolimnology, carbon isotopes, discrimination processes, lake sediments
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Crisis of the French concept of laïcité?
Lánová, Zuzana ; Perottino, Michel (advisor) ; Matějka, Ondřej (referee)
Master thesis "The Crisis of French concept of laïcité" ponders the current status of laïcité in the atmosphere of contemporary France. General feeling in French society is characterized by a negative attitude of ethnic Frenchmen towards the growing presence of Islam which is accentuated by growing Muslim's demands in economic and social fields. Main goal of this thesis is to prove that the contemporary state of the concept of laïcité can be perceived as a crisis which comes through the differences between perceptions of principles based on laïcité. This notion will be proved on the basis of the theory of social constructionism complemented by the two-way-protection theory which deals with relations between state and churches. The hypothesis anticipates that Muslims, Catholics, Non- believers and even the State are using principles of laïcité depending on actual situation and impact of different actors and in order to ensure their own interests. Thereby they create the concept laïcité as a social construct. The main field in which the thesis proves this hypothesis is the French school system which is crucial for forming and maintaining the Republic and its values. The hypothesis is argued by several concrete examples such as several legislative measures adopted by the French state, for instance the...
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Institutionalization of Muslim Faith in France on the Basis of Laicite Principles
Lánová, Zuzana ; Emler, David (advisor) ; Perottino, Michel (referee)
The thesis " The Institutionalization of the Muslim faith in France on the Basis of the Laïcité principles" treats on the first place the impact of the acceptance of the law from the year 1905 concerning the separation of church and state on the contemporary attempts of French governments on creating the institution representing interests of the French Muslim community. Implications arising from the acceptance of the law supposed even the creation of representative organisation of concerned confessions. However Islam was never included to the system of recognised confessions, for all that its present position of the second largest confession in France supposes the creation of representative body, mainly on the basis of laïcité. The thesis follows the effort of single French government which lead to the establishment of French Council of Muslim faith in 2003. This representative organisation should lay the foundations of so-called French or Gallic Islam, nevertheless intern discrepancies caused by the diversity of participatory Muslim organisations, shows that the goal was not reached yet.
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