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Steam-gas turbine for emission-free storage power plant
Schubert, Vojtěch ; Kracík, Petr (referee) ; Fiedler, Jan (advisor)
The thesis addresses energy storage in the context of the ongoing energy transformation and the climate crisis. Therefore, the CCUS technologies and the possibilities of electrical energy storage are presented in the form of a literature review. In relation to these issues, the thesis also presents the concept of an emission-free storage power plant, based on a patent from SE Brno. In the subsequent parts of the thesis, an instrumentation diagram is constructed, and a conceptual design of a gas-steam turbine for the energy unit of this storage power plant is proposed.
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Design of a closed cooling circuit
Novotný, Tomáš ; Milčák, Pavel (referee) ; Kracík, Petr (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to design a closed cooling circuit for specific technologies of the power plant machinery room, namely lubricating oil system, power generator and high pressure hydraulic system. The main task is to provide heat dissipation from each system to a central heat exchanger, which is one of the objectives of the thesis design. The work is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the basic description of the cooling circuits and their division. In the second part, the basic components of the cooling circuit and their functions are presented. The principle of heat sharing is also presented. In the third part of the paper, the actual design of the closed cooling circuit is presented, which includes the design of the central heat exchanger. The work includes a model of the piping, which is based on a basic heat balance and P&ID diagram. AVEVA E3D software was used for its creation. Based on the piping isometry and pressure losses in the individual devices, the pressure loss of the circuit is determined. Another objective of the work is the design of the expansion vessel. The problem is solved by using software suitable for solving each part of the design. The output of the work is a refrigeration circuit meeting the requirements for the specified conditions.
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Steam turbine for municipal waste incinerator
Holík, Michal ; Fiedler, Jan (referee) ; Kracík, Petr (advisor)
The thesis focuses on the design of a condensing steam turbine for a waste incineration plant. The design includes the supply of heat to the district heating system with a temperature gradient of 55/75 °C and an output of 15 MWt in the summer period, and the supply of heat to the district heating system with a temperature gradient of 65/120 °C and an output of 45 MWt in the winter period. The first stage of the turbine is a controlled stage with impulse blading. This is followed by the stepped section, which consists of 7 cones with a total of 40 stages. These stages were subsequently strength-verified. A balancing piston, gland steam system, and bearings were designed. Finally, the operational characteristic of the turbine was constructed.
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Industrial heat pump for the cooling circuit
Odehnal, Lukáš ; Kudela, Libor (referee) ; Kracík, Petr (advisor)
This thesis deals with the design of an industrial heat pump for the cooling circuit of a thermal power plant. The aim of the thesis is to analyze and optimize different heat pump technologies, especially compressor and absorption heat pumps, and their application to a specific case. The advantages and disadvantages of different working substances and their influence on efficiency and environmental impact are discussed. The chosen working substance for the compressor HP is the refrigerant R152a and for the absorption HP it is the water-lithium bromide solution. The design of the compressor HP consists of two parts, namely the design of an ideal cycle with a resulting heating factor of 3.81 and the subsequent revalidation with a resulting heating factor of 3.18. The revalidation is carried out under the design of the key components, where the resulting power input at the evaporator is 21.18 MW and the power output through the condenser to the CHSS system is 29.5 MW with an electrical input of the compressor of 9.27 MW. The second proposed absorption HP unit discharges 23.2 MW of thermal power to the CHSS system with a heating factor of 1.48 with an input circulating power of 43.37 MW and input power to the evaporator identical to that of the compressor. The absorption HP design also includes the use of a heat recovery heat exchanger, which increases the overall heating factor to 1.6 and reduces the delivered driving power to the cycle to 34.7 MW. The following is a comparison of the proposed HP units with their suitability depending closely on the specific operational options. The resulting cash flow for both options shows positive values, namely 347.1 million CZK for the compressor option and 209.1 million CZK for the absorption variant.
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Design of a heat source for heating a family house
Stoklásek, Martin ; Linda, Jakub (referee) ; Kracík, Petr (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the design of an optimal heat source for heating a family house. The first part introduces common technologies for heating and hot water. In the second part, a specific family house is analysed, including the calculation of heat losses and annual heat demand. In addition, calculations are made for the insulated variant of this house and for the variant with a higher number of inhabitants. The third part focuses on the specific design of new heat sources for each variant of the house, including calculations of operating costs, acquisition and return on investment. The final part of the paper compares the proposed heat sources. The results show that the ideal heat source for the designed house is a gas condensing boiler. It is also confirmed that the insulation of the house is economically advantageous.
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Water Treatment in a Nuclear Power Plant
Hoskovec, Martin ; Kracík, Petr (referee) ; Chýlek, Radomír (advisor)
This thesis deals with the issue of water treatment for nuclear power plants. The aim of the work is to analyse in detail the processes and technologies used in water treatment, which is crucial for the safe and long operation of nuclear power plants. In the first part, the possibilities of water sources and what substances they contain are presented. In the following part, water pretreatment methods, water demineralization and other treatment technologies are presented. The third part of the thesis deals with reactor partitioning and their chemistry program. The next part describes the water treatment with chemistry program at the Temelin nuclear power plant. The last part of the thesis compares water treatment methods, their advantages, and disadvantages.
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Steam turbine for biomass power plant
Urbánek, Roman ; Fiedler, Jan (referee) ; Kracík, Petr (advisor)
The master's thesis deals with the design of a condensing steam turbine for a biomass power plant with off-takes for heating heaters with a temperature drop of 60/80 °C in summer and 70/125 °C in winter, and off-takes for low-pressure regeneration. The nominal thermal output of the heat exchangers is 0-10 MWt in summer and 0-50 MWt in winter. The thesis includes a detailed design of the flow parts of the steam turbine, from the design of the control stage, the staged part of the turbine, and the strength verification of individual stages to the design of the balancing piston, sealing system, and bearing design. In conclusion, the operational characteristics of the proposed steam turbine are depicted.
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Small modular reactors in EU conditions
Jurčík, Jakub ; Milčák, Pavel (referee) ; Kracík, Petr (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis is focused on small modular reactors and their comparison with current large reactors in operation, based on selected characteristics. Current energy situation and the role of nuclear power are described in the first section. It then discusses the description of selected concepts of large reactors and small modular reactors It compares the found characteristics in the last section. The thesis focuses on the technical and ecological aspects of each reactor. The results of the thesis show significant advances in nuclear technology, particularly in the field of passive safety, the primary reactor cooling circuit, and the flexibility of the use of small modular reactors in the EU power sector.
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Small modular reactors
Mareček, David ; Šnajdárek, Ladislav (referee) ; Kracík, Petr (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis explores a new and promising type of nuclear reactor: small modular reactors (SMRs). It begins with a brief introduction to the basics of nuclear energy, nuclear physics, and their historical development. The fundamental concepts related to SMRs, as well as the definition of SMRs themselves, are explained. The thesis then outlines the various prop-erties and advantages of SMRs. It includes a description and comparison of 9 different types of SMRs, followed by a detailed analysis of the 10 most advanced SMR projects. Additional-ly, it provides an overview of the legislative requirements for implementing SMRs in the Czech Republic. Finally, the thesis discusses the reasons for integrating SMRs into low-carbon energy and explores their potential applications.
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Renewable energy supply options for small communities
Kleveta, Jan ; Kracík, Petr (referee) ; Linda, Jakub (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the possibilities of supplying a small municipality with renewable energy. The aim of the work is to design a renewable energy system for a selected model municipality and subsequently determine the extent to which it is capable of meeting municipality´s energy needs throughout the year. For this purpose, the village Vrchoslavice, with a population of 605, was chosen. During the design process, the selected municipality was viewed as an energy community. At the beginning, the work is focused on a literature review, which covers the essence of energy communities, their legislation, and especially the presentation of existing examples. In the next part of the work, the model municipality is introduced and then the annual energy consumption to be covered from renewable energy supplies, is determined. The last part of the work is devoted to the design of the renewable energy system itself, which is subsequently evaluated individually for different types of buildings within the model municipality.
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