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Characteristic population genetics features of animals with parasitic life strategy
Kodejš, Karel ; Straka, Jakub (advisor) ; Synek, Petr (referee)
Organisms with parasitic life strategy are characterized by strong bond to their hosts. Becouse of that can their population history, or more generaly their phylogeny, reflect evolutionary history of the hosts. While with morphological markers alone, coevolution can be examined only at higher, at least species level, the development of molecular techniques, especially usage of selectively neutral markers, provides deeper insight in this problematics. This thesis describes genetic markers used to investigate population dynamics, with emphasis to parasitic animals, and sumarises their advantages, limitations and possible applications. Further it describes statistical methods used in coevolutionary studies, mainly to reconstruct coevolutionary history. It describes basic statistical algorhytms to characterize rate of population subdivision. In the last part it describes parasite and host's life history features, which influence characteristics of coevolution, such as rate of host specificity, complexity of life cycle, host and parasite's mobility, which has impact to final coevolutionary pattern. Keywords: parasitism, population genetics, genetic markers, coevolution, biostatistics, microsatellites
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Population genetics and speciation in Stylops (Strepsiptera)
Kodejš, Karel ; Straka, Jakub (advisor) ; Černá, Kateřina (referee)
This thesis is focused to population genetics of selected species of genus Stylops in Europe. Within this genus, five species was analysed by usage of two approaches - microsatellite analysis in Stylops ater and analysis of mitochondrial DNA in all five species. Mitochondrial gene for cytochome c oxidase (1st subunit) was used. For microsatellite analysis was performed bayesian clustering analysis and ABC approach (Aproximate Bayesian Computation). Mitochondrial markers were processed by making haplotype networks and demography analysis by computing Bayesian skyline plots. For Stylops ater, surprisingly low lewel of population subdivision was detected, yet with clearly differentiated population clusters from Scandinavia and baltic coast of Europe, which may imply period of isolation of these populations or relativelly recent population expansion and genetic differentiation due to lower population sizes. Next, hypotesis of possible temporal segregation of subpopulations of Stylops nevinsoni based on different aktivity period of their host species groups, was supported. In other three species, population subdivision was observed to be related either due to host specialisation (Stylops mellitae) or geographic consequences (S.nassonowi, S.spreta). Interesting finding is also detection of population...
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Characteristic population genetics features of animals with parasitic life strategy
Kodejš, Karel ; Straka, Jakub (advisor) ; Synek, Petr (referee)
Organisms with parasitic life strategy are characterized by strong bond to their hosts. Becouse of that can their population history, or more generaly their phylogeny, reflect evolutionary history of the hosts. While with morphological markers alone, coevolution can be examined only at higher, at least species level, the development of molecular techniques, especially usage of selectively neutral markers, provides deeper insight in this problematics. This thesis describes genetic markers used to investigate population dynamics, with emphasis to parasitic animals, and sumarises their advantages, limitations and possible applications. Further it describes statistical methods used in coevolutionary studies, mainly to reconstruct coevolutionary history. It describes basic statistical algorhytms to characterize rate of population subdivision. In the last part it describes parasite and host's life history features, which influence characteristics of coevolution, such as rate of host specificity, complexity of life cycle, host and parasite's mobility, which has impact to final coevolutionary pattern. Keywords: parasitism, population genetics, genetic markers, coevolution, biostatistics, microsatellites
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