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Shadow Price of Air Pollution Emissions in the Czech energy sector - Estimation from Distance Function
Rečka, Lukáš ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Klimešová, Andrea (referee)
This thesis employs a parametric input distance function that incorporates both desirable and undesirable outputs to provide a more complete representation of the production technology. Based on the Shephard (1970) theory of duality, we derive the shadow prices of undesirable outputs in the Czech energy sector on the data over the period 2002 - 2007. The medians of our shadow prices estimates are 8374, 1198, 2805, 6051 and 8549 € per ton of PM, SO2, NOx, CO and VOC, respectively. We decompose shadow prices estimates and test the hypotheses that the marginal abatement cost decline over time; that marginal abatement cost rice with the declining emission level; and that marginal abatement cost rice with declining emission rate. Key Words: shadow prices, distance function, undesirable outputs, marginal abatement cost JEL classification: C61, D24, Q53
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Impact of European Liberalization on Development of Gas Storage Prices in Europe
Zámečník, Ján ; Klimešová, Andrea (advisor) ; Lopušník, Ondřej (referee)
Gas storages are the main topic of this thesis and their development as a result of European gas liberalization. The beginning of this work is dedicated to the liberalization itself and to the instruments it uses. History of liberalization is mentions and also their consequences for gas storage market. The second part concerns to the gas storages. Different types of facilities are characterized based on their properties. Thesis is interested in relation between gas storages and forward markets with gas, which developed in Europe in last decade. The final part looks into the future of gas storages and their role in import-dependent Europe.
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Flexibilita pracovního trhu, její měření a vliv na nezaměstnanost
Majerová, Barbora ; Zápal, Jan (advisor) ; Klimešová, Andrea (referee)
In its theoretical part, this bachelor thesis is concerned with the possible definitions and types of labour market flexibility with a subsequent aim at numerical flexibility. The first part deals with OECD and World bank indeces, which measure numerical flexibility at national level. Since these are established on the measure of strictness of Employment protection legislation, a part of this study is dedicated to the development of labour law in the Czech republic. This is followed by a look at flexible forms of employment and organisation of working time, the development of which is related to the strategies that countries employ in their bid to achieve higher employment. The main target of this work is to create indeces which will measure internal and external numerical flexibility in all regions of the Czech republic. Their structuring is established on the methodology of Vassilis Monastiriotis who created such index for regions of Great Britain. The resulting index values are used in panel data. The hypothesis that a low vaule of flexibility results in a high rate of unemployment was tested and was confirmed only with the index of external numerical flexibility. Despite this result, it was found that the indeces are useful and may help us in understanding and explaining the situation on the...
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Shadow Price of Air Pollution Emissions in the Czech energy sector - Estimation from Distance Function
Rečka, Lukáš ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Klimešová, Andrea (referee)
This thesis employs a parametric input distance function that incorporates both desirable and undesirable outputs to provide a more complete representation of the production technology. Based on the Shephard (1970) theory of duality, we derive the shadow prices of undesirable outputs in the Czech energy sector on the data over the period 2002 - 2007. The medians of our shadow prices estimates are 8374, 1198, 2805, 6051 and 8549 € per ton of PM, SO2, NOx, CO and VOC, respectively. We decompose shadow prices estimates and test the hypotheses that the marginal abatement cost decline over time; that marginal abatement cost rice with the declining emission level; and that marginal abatement cost rice with declining emission rate. Key Words: shadow prices, distance function, undesirable outputs, marginal abatement cost JEL classification: C61, D24, Q53
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Sin taxes in the Czech Republic
Mouček, Jan ; Janský, Petr (advisor) ; Klimešová, Andrea (referee)
This paper is concerning taxes on so called sin goods. Consumption of these goods is believed to be wrong, its consumption have its negative effects on either the consumer or others. Such taxes are called excise taxes. In particular we focus this paper on tax incidence, the effect of these taxes on price of taxed goods. In economic literature concerning excise taxes it is usually presumed that the price rises by the same amount that the tax. If this presumption was false, it might have significant effect on this literature. We have tried to empirically analyse the effect of excise taxes using data from Czech statistical office and of our own. In particular we focused on cigarettes, beer, spirits and fuels. Using OLS estimates we came to interesting conclusions regarding effects of excise taxes on price of taxed products. Our results show almost zero effect of tax on cigarette and spirit price and at the same time confirm the presumption of full effect of taxes on beer. Further we modelled effects of value added tax and lagged effect of taxes with a one year lag. All of our results are definitely questionable though, as we used very low number of observations and therefore conclusiveness of these results is very little
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Motivation as a leadership
Klimešová, Andrea ; Fiedler, Jiří (advisor) ; Horáková, Jana (referee)
Summary
This bachelor thesis is focused on Motivation as leadership. It depends on methods
of motivation that are applied by managers in leading their employees. It is about
how correctly and effectively they are using their motivation for leading their employees. The thesis consists of two parts theoretical and practical.
The theoretical part includes the most basic terms which are important
for understanding this theme. Theoretical part is processed and derived by literature
mentioned below. At the introduction are discussed concepts such as management,
the manager and his competence or roles. For better understanding which role motivation captures for managing people, all concepts are explained, such as leadership styles, motivation, incentive and communication, which are important for leadership.
The practical part is based on structured interviews with managers, it is down their answers which were compared. Structured interviews are based on the twelve important issues which five managers from three different companies are asked about. Finally,
the evaluation of their responses, resultant comparison and final answer about how they put emphasis on executives for motivation.
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