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Eugenie Schwarzwald's life and reform activity in school system and social care
Kletečková, Lenka ; Sekyrková, Milada (advisor) ; Ebelová, Ivana (referee)
(in English): In this thesis I would like to introduce the life of Eugenie Schwarzwald to the Czech speaking community, who was a great reformer in the Austrian educational system. Since the second half of the 19th century, society had publicly discussed the problems of admitting girls to grammar schools and universities. At the beginning of the 20th century she managed to create a unique school center in Vienna with a wide range of girls' education programs. Her greatest pedagogical contribution might be the opening of the first reformed realgymnasium for girls in Austria. The state with its traditional and reserved attitude had the public girls' education lagging behind the common demands, private initiative filled the gap. One of them was Eugenie Schwarzwald, who was beside her pedagogical activity since the First World War also devoted to other activities. She was considered to be the organizer of social care for supporting grown- ups.
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Nervous tissue regeneration following ischemic injury in adulthood - the role of glial cells
Kamenická, Monika ; Anděrová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Kletečková, Lenka (referee)
Ischemic stroke (ischemia) is one of the most common causes of death in the world. The consequences of this disease are enormous and markedly affect the lives of patients who often are unable to live a full quality of life as before. Therefore, the current research is focused on elucidating new mechanisms that could mitigate the effects of ischemia and better regeneration of nerve tissue. This theses aims to summarize the current knowledge about neurogenesis/gliogenesis in the nerve tissue under physiological conditions, after ischemic injury and subsequent regeneration. The first chapter is focused on neurogenesis in the nervous tissue of adults. The two main neurogenic regions are described, such as subventricular zone and the gyrus dentatus in hippocampus. The following is a brief description of cells that are located in neurogenic regions and their function under physiological conditions. The second chapter focuses on gliogenesis in adult nervous tissue and describes the glial cells responsible for numerous functions in CNS. Furthermore, the functions of individual types of glial cells are listed. The third chapter gives the overview about pathophysiology of ischemia. The author tries to explain what is happening in the brain tissue during and following ischemia, what types of ischemia are...
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The importance of NMDA antagonists in animal models of ischemic injury and major depressive disease
Kletečková, Lenka ; Valeš, Karel (advisor) ; Zach, Petr (referee) ; Ježek, Karel (referee)
Glutamatergic system is the main excitatory system and glutamatergic receptors are the most abundantly expressed in whole central nervous system. The most widespread type of glutamatergic receptors are N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors which are essential for physiological development of nervous tissue, synaptic plasticity and cognitive processes. On the other hand, over-activation of these receptors leads to excitotoxic damage of nervous tissue and serious neurological consequences for future quality of life. Disruption of glutamatergic system is common feature for hypoxic-ischemic damage, traumatic brain injury, neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Therefore glutamatergic system and specifically NMDA receptors are an attractive target for neuropharmacological research. Presented thesis explores the effect of several molecules with modulating inhibiting effect on NMDA receptor. Work is preferentially focused on application research; the main aim is evaluated therapeutic potential of studied compounds. First group of compounds is represented by neuroactive steroids pregnanolone glutamate and pregnanolone hemipimelate, which are allosteric inhibitors of NMDA receptor. Here, their neuroprotective effect is demonstrated in hypoxic-ischemic and excitotoxic damage of nervous tissue....
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The importance of NMDA antagonists in animal models of ischemic injury and major depressive disease
Kletečková, Lenka ; Valeš, Karel (advisor) ; Zach, Petr (referee) ; Ježek, Karel (referee)
Glutamatergic system is the main excitatory system and glutamatergic receptors are the most abundantly expressed in whole central nervous system. The most widespread type of glutamatergic receptors are N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors which are essential for physiological development of nervous tissue, synaptic plasticity and cognitive processes. On the other hand, over-activation of these receptors leads to excitotoxic damage of nervous tissue and serious neurological consequences for future quality of life. Disruption of glutamatergic system is common feature for hypoxic-ischemic damage, traumatic brain injury, neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Therefore glutamatergic system and specifically NMDA receptors are an attractive target for neuropharmacological research. Presented thesis explores the effect of several molecules with modulating inhibiting effect on NMDA receptor. Work is preferentially focused on application research; the main aim is evaluated therapeutic potential of studied compounds. First group of compounds is represented by neuroactive steroids pregnanolone glutamate and pregnanolone hemipimelate, which are allosteric inhibitors of NMDA receptor. Here, their neuroprotective effect is demonstrated in hypoxic-ischemic and excitotoxic damage of nervous tissue....
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Mills and millers: displaced Neveklov's and Sedlčany's territory on the first half of the 20th century
Kletečková, Lenka ; Šouša, Jiří (advisor) ; Mašková Janotová, Šárka (referee)
(in English): I would like to map out a network of mills and their owners in the Neveklovs and Sedlčany's area, which was at the time of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia called displaced territory. First part is about mill trade progress followed mills and millers stories (focused on the first half of the 20th century). Mill trade belongs among important and remarkable part of Czech national history. Totally different mills were produced in Benešov and Neveklov and Sedlčany area which were an inportant part of agro culture and interesting part of landscape. Establishment of the SS military training area meaned tragic time for mills progress. Farmers and millers had a short time to leave their farms and mills. They tried to survive in the very hard time of Germany occupation. All of this will be included in the context of the time and characters.
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Nervous tissue regeneration following ischemic injury in adulthood - the role of glial cells
Kamenická, Monika ; Anděrová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Kletečková, Lenka (referee)
Ischemic stroke (ischemia) is one of the most common causes of death in the world. The consequences of this disease are enormous and markedly affect the lives of patients who often are unable to live a full quality of life as before. Therefore, the current research is focused on elucidating new mechanisms that could mitigate the effects of ischemia and better regeneration of nerve tissue. This theses aims to summarize the current knowledge about neurogenesis/gliogenesis in the nerve tissue under physiological conditions, after ischemic injury and subsequent regeneration. The first chapter is focused on neurogenesis in the nervous tissue of adults. The two main neurogenic regions are described, such as subventricular zone and the gyrus dentatus in hippocampus. The following is a brief description of cells that are located in neurogenic regions and their function under physiological conditions. The second chapter focuses on gliogenesis in adult nervous tissue and describes the glial cells responsible for numerous functions in CNS. Furthermore, the functions of individual types of glial cells are listed. The third chapter gives the overview about pathophysiology of ischemia. The author tries to explain what is happening in the brain tissue during and following ischemia, what types of ischemia are...
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A neuroprotective effect of the 3α5β-pregnanolon glutamate in the animal model of ischemic brain injury
Kletečková, Lenka ; Valeš, Karel (advisor) ; Zach, Petr (referee)
The neuroactive steroid 3α5β-pregnanolon glutamate (3α5βP-Glu) is the synthetic analogue of a naturally-occurring 3α5β-pregnanolon sulfate. Both agents inhibit preferentially tonically activated NMDA receptors by a use-dependent mechanism. The aplication of 3α5βP-Glu could reduce the excitotoxic injury of the brain during ischemic conditions, in which plays role the excessive activation of NMDA receptors. The objectives of this study are to determine the effect of systemic aplication of 3α5βP-Glu on an oxygen saturation and a regional cerebral blood flow in the brain of laboratory rat. Subsequently to establish and critically evaluate the animal model of a global ischemic brain injury. Finally to test the neuroprotective potential of 3α5βP-Glu on cognitive funtions in this model. The oxygen saturation and regional cerebral blood flow were measured in the area of dorsal hippocampus. Both observed parametres were significantly increased after the application of3α5βP-Glu. These findings confirm the assumption that 3α5βP-Glu has a neuroprotective effect. The bilateral occlusions of arteriae carotis communis following placement of the rat into a hypoxic box has been utilized as a model of global ischemic brain injury. The aplication of 3α5βP-Glu increased significantly the rats survival. However,...
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Antioxidative enzymes in heart
Kletečková, Lenka ; Hloušková, Patricie (advisor) ; Rychlíková, Jana (referee)
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most frequently causes of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. An increase of oxidative stress is implicated by progression of heart diseases. Antioxidative enzymes protect the organism against them. The superoxide dismutases, the peroxiredoxins, the glutathione peroxidases and the catalase are advised to be used as the main antioxidative enzymes. The review is focused on the role of these antioxidative enzymes in the cardiovascular system. Antioxidative enzymes prevent the lipoperoxidation of biological membranes, the proteins inactivation, the DNA mutation and the apoptosis. It is well-known, that antioxidative enzymes positively influence a homeostasis of the vascular endothelium, prevent a burst of the cardiovascular disease and they are important for physiological functions, the morphology and the contractility of heart. The effect of antioxidative enzymes on the cardiovascular system is very complicated process and it still has not clarified all aspects of their action. A reseach of these enzymes is essential for understading the mechanisms of pathophysiological changes, which proceed into the cardiovascular system during the atherosclerosis, the myocardial infarction, the ischemic- reperfusion injury of the tissue and the calcification and...
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