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Isotopic profile of individuals with known osteobiographic documentation and its use for a study of past populations
Grendelová, Gréta ; Drtikolová Kaupová, Sylva (advisor) ; Brzobohatá, Hana (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the influence of biological, socioeconomic, environmental and also physiological and pathophysiological factors on isotopic ratios of δ13 C and δ15 N bone collagen of individuals with complete osteobiographic documentation. So far, isotope analysis has been used to reconstruct the diet of past populations, without considering the effect of non- nutritive factors. The aim of this work is to describe the effect of these factors on isotopic values of carbon and nitrogen in bone tissue of individuals. The material was processed by the stable isotope analysis. The bone collagen of ribs and femurs of 45 individuals (27 males and 18 females) who were members of several related families and occupied the territory of the Czech Republic during 19th-21st century was analysed. The age range of the subjects was 20-90 years. For correct interpretation of the results, a reference set consisting of eight samples of different animal species was analysed. Significant isotope differences between families with different social status have been demonstrated in this thesis. Individuals with higher status showed higher δ15 N values. The year of death of the individual was also reflected in isotopic values, and later living individuals showed slightly reduced δ15 N, which may be due to...
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Isotopic profile of individuals with known osteobiographic documentation and its use for a study of past populations
Grendelová, Gréta ; Drtikolová Kaupová, Sylva (advisor) ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the influence of biological, socioeconomic, environmental and also physiological and pathophysiological factors on isotopic ratios of δ13 C and δ15 N bone collagen of individuals with complete osteobiographic documentation. So far, isotope analysis has been used to reconstruct the diet of past populations, without considering the effect of non- nutritive factors. The aim of this work is to describe the effect of these factors on isotopic values of carbon and nitrogen in bone tissue of individuals. The material was processed by the stable isotope analysis. The bone collagen of ribs and femurs of 45 individuals (27 males and 18 females) who were members of several related families and occupied the territory of the Czech Republic during 19th-21st century was analysed. The age range of the subjects was 20-90 years. For correct interpretation of the results, a reference set consisting of eight samples of different animal species was analysed. Significant isotope differences between families with different social status have been demonstrated in this thesis. Individuals with higher status showed higher δ13 C and δ15 N values. The year of death of the individual was also reflected in isotopic values, and later living individuals showed slightly reduced δ15 N, which may be...
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Isotopic profile of individuals with known osteobiographic documentation and its use for a study of past populations
Grendelová, Gréta ; Drtikolová Kaupová, Sylva (advisor) ; Brzobohatá, Hana (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the influence of biological, socioeconomic, environmental and also physiological and pathophysiological factors on isotopic ratios of δ13 C and δ15 N bone collagen of individuals with complete osteobiographic documentation. So far, isotope analysis has been used to reconstruct the diet of past populations, without considering the effect of non- nutritive factors. The aim of this work is to describe the effect of these factors on isotopic values of carbon and nitrogen in bone tissue of individuals. The material was processed by the stable isotope analysis. The bone collagen of ribs and femurs of 45 individuals (27 males and 18 females) who were members of several related families and occupied the territory of the Czech Republic during 19th-21st century was analysed. The age range of the subjects was 20-90 years. For correct interpretation of the results, a reference set consisting of eight samples of different animal species was analysed. Significant isotope differences between families with different social status have been demonstrated in this thesis. Individuals with higher status showed higher δ15 N values. The year of death of the individual was also reflected in isotopic values, and later living individuals showed slightly reduced δ15 N, which may be due to...
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The use of the stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen in the dietary reconstruction of the Lombard population in relation to the health status
Novotná, Adéla ; Drtikolová Kaupová, Sylva (advisor) ; Brzobohatá, Hana (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with a reconstruction of the Germanic tribe of the Lombards' diet found at Kyjov burial site dated back to the Migration Period (5th - 6th century A.D.) as well as a research of their living conditions. The principal aim is a description of this population diet and its comparison to the other populations within this period and the Early Middle Ages era. The diet was examined by considering of carbon (δ13 C) and nitrogen (δ15 N) stable isotopes analysis received and evaluated from a group of 60 adult individuals (30 men and 30 females). In regard to the interpretation of the isotopes values, the stable isotopes C and N were present in some animal species (N=19). Apart from the above mentioned, several significant health indicators were chosen for evaluation which indirectly show health condition and quality of living conditions of the examined group. These health indicators were evaluated in relation to the diet. The results of this study indicate that the diet of Lombards' population was based on C3 plants and animal proteins, which is similar to the other localities in the time of the Migration Period. It shows a difference, namely in consumption of millet, providing that the Lombards to the Great Moravian's localities are compared. The millet seemed to be common part of...
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Vegetarianism and veganism from the perspective of the evolution of human diet
Fleischmannová, Nikola ; Kotěrová, Anežka (advisor) ; Kaupová, Sylva (referee)
The object of this bachelor thesis is to interpret the evolution of diet of the anatomically modern human and his ancestors from the perspective of paleoanthropology and isotope analysis of skeletal remains. The findings are consistent with the view that humans are omnivorous, whose diet consists of plant and animal sources. Their ratio, however, in the course of human evolution has changed significantly, which had an impact on some major evolutionary events. Currently, there are alternative diets which tend only to plant components of food and they are called vegetarianism and veganism. In the case of the hominins the diet strictly based on plant sources would greatly influenced their evolution as we know it. Especially the encephalization and the spread to higher latitudes by the genus Homo would be limited by using only the plant sources. In today's industrialized countries the popularity of vegetarianism and veganism increases. Assuming sufficient awareness and taking necessary supplements the plant based diet may have positive impact on human health and can be recommended as an effective prevention of diseases of civilization.
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Nutrition in medieval Europe and stable isotopes
Jílková, Michaela ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kaupová, Sylva (referee)
Stable isotope analyses of human bone collagen are the valuable tool of the diet reconstruction in bioarchaeology. These analyses help to understand the lifestyle of our ancestors. Values of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios show if an analysed specimen used more terrestrial or aquatic food sources, plants with C3 or C4 pathway of photosyntesis or whether his primary protein source were plants or animals. The stable isotopes also provide information about diet differences between different sexes, people with different socioeconomical status or different ages. We can study long- distance trade and residental mobility by results of isotope analyses. A combination of isotope ratios and archaeological knowledge provides valuable information not only about the diet but also about the lifestyle of historical populations. For example in several medieval Europian populations were discovered geographical differences and partly chronological differences which can be explained by the different diet in different localities and diet changes in Middle ages.
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Bioarcheologie středověké populace střední Evropy: vztah zdravotního stavu, sociální diferenciace a výživy.
Kaupová, Sylva ; Velemínský, Petr (advisor) ; Smrčka, Václav (referee) ; Polet, Caroline (referee)
We studied the dietary behavior and health status of a population that lived in the context of rapid change, including the development of the economic and political structures of states, the adoption of Christianity as well as the subsequent disruption of social structure and the recovery of society. Carbon (δ13 C) and nitrogen (δ15 N) isotopic values were measured in a sample of 189 adult individuals of both sexes and 74 animals representing different socio-economic contexts (power centers versus the hinterlands) and chronology: the Great Moravian (9th -10th century AD) versus late Hillfort (11th century AD) period. A sample of 41 sub-adults aged 0-6 years, representative of both Great Moravian power centers (Mikulčice) and its rural hinterlands (Josefov), was selected for isotopic analyses of breastfeeding and weaning behavior. Data on growth and frequency of nonspecific stress indicators (cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis, and endocranial lesions) were analyzed in a sub-adult group. In adults, we focused on dental health (caries, periapical lesions, dental wear, and periodontal disease), the presence of cribra orbitalia and estimated adult stature. Isotopic data of the adult sample showed that the Great Moravian population had a terrestrial diet with a substantial proportion of C4 plants....
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Sexual size dimorphism in medieval period in Bohemia.
Kaupová, Sylva ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Dobisíková, Miluše (referee)
Differences in height among human populations or changes in height over time may be associated with different degrees of sexual dimorphism in this feature. This thesis compared the height and sexual size dimorphism (SSD) between two groups of the population of Medieval Bohemia - rural residents and inhabitants of Prague. A sample of 179 adult skeletons from five Prague sites and 175 individuals from four rural sites, dating from the 11th to 14th century, was used. Sex was determined following the principle of primary and secondary sex diagnosis, which enabled the derivation of population-specific discriminant functions using the dimensions of the humerus, femur, tibia and talus. A subsequent analysis of body height did not show statistically significant differences either in height or in SSD between the Prague and the rural part of the population of Medieval Bohemia, despite the major changes which Czech Medieval society went through in the 13th century. Comparing our results with previously published data on the height of the Czech population during the early modern period indicates a statistically significant reduction in the magnitude of sexual size dimorphism in the population of the17th century, particularly associated with a decrease in the height of men. A significantly higher stature of...
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