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Nonparametric estimation of the intensity function of a point process depending on covariates
Vlková, Eliška ; Dvořák, Jiří (advisor) ; Karafiátová, Iva (referee)
Point processes describe random point patterns in space. One of their most important characteristics is the intensity function. Furthermore, additional information about the surveyed area, so-called covariates, is often available for point processes. We derive a key formula for the function that describes the relation between the intensity function of the point process and the covariate. Based on this formula, we find its kernel estimate and formulate relations for the mean and variance of the estimate. We use simulation experiments to verify the accuracy of the kernel estimate. 1
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Occupation of a set time of random walks
Janoušek, Jan ; Hlubinka, Daniel (advisor) ; Karafiátová, Iva (referee)
This bachelor's thesis aims to analyse random walks, emphasizing symmetric random walks. We focus mainly on the occupation of a set times. In this thesis, we find the distribution of maxima and minima, the probability of return to the origin, and the probability of first return to the origin. Then we see the arcsine laws and the probability of spending a given amount of time on the positive and the negative side. We generalize this not only for the positive and negative sides but for any given interval. At the end of the thesis, we create statistical tests based on the theoretical distribution derived in the thesis. 1
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Random marked tessellations with applications in research of polycrystalline materials
Karafiátová, Iva ; Pawlas, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Dvořák, Jiří (referee)
Experimental data obtained from polycrystalline microstructure can be in certain situations viewed as a realization of a random field or as a realization of a random marked tessellation with marks such as grain volume or grain orientation. A natural question is, whether there are dependencies within the random field or whether the marks are assigned to each grain independently on the tessellation. In this work characteristics quantifying measure of spatial dependence between marks are presented and based on them non- parametric tests of independent marking of a tessellation are proposed. We investigate power of the tests on newly introduced models of dependently marked tessellations with marks from space representing grain orientation. Proposed methods are applied on real data of microstructure with cubic crystal lattice. 1
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Statistics of directional data with an application in crystallography
Karafiátová, Iva ; Šedivý, Ondřej (advisor) ; Hlubinka, Daniel (referee)
The main purpose of this thesis is to derive methods used to estimate the mean orientation of a grain in polycrystalline material. The estimation is highly impor- tant in crystallography. However, it is often expressed by only one representative value regardless of its variability within the grain. In this thesis we present the basic concepts of crystallography, including the principle of the Electron Backs- catter Diffraction, which is used to explore the microstructure of a polycrystalline materials. Subsequently, we present six of the most commonly used descriptors of three-dimensional orientation of a crystal lattice. This overview is completed by the summary of the particular relationships between those descriptors. In the practical part of this thesis we apply derived methods on real data within the scope of research of microstructure of an aluminum alloy. 1
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HEALTH AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF HUMAN AND DOG CO-EXISTENCE
KARAFIÁTOVÁ, Iva
ABSTRACT The thesis called Health and Social Impacts of Human and Dog Co-existence is a paper describing the development of a human and a dog relationship since old times until present. It deals with the origin of a dog and describes the development of understanding between a human and a dog, which lasts up to the present day. The paper offers an integrated survey on the ways the dogs are used at present, especially in health and social areas. It informs the readers on the dog use possibilities, the care for dogs, and also the principles of communication, which enable quality and peaceful life of a human and a dog. The first objective was to find out what is the respondents´ knowledge on the dog use possibilities in the society. This objective was fulfilled and the hypothesis was proved. Respondents do not know even a half of possible dog use in co-existence with people. The second objective was to find out how respondents perceive the presence of dogs in their surroundings in relation to children. The objective was also fulfilled, however, the hypothesis that more than 75 per cent of respondents are careful during the contact of a child with a dog, was disproved. Quite a high percentage of people nderestimate the possible risk during the contact of a child with a dog. The third objective was focused on the awareness of respondents of the dog body signals. The hypothesis was proved in this case and out of the results it is evident that the people lack information on the signals sent by dogs. For finding out the needed data the questionnaire research was used. The questionnaire was composed of 24 questions and handed out to 350 respondents. The result of the research was the proving of three above mentioned hypotheses. One of them was disproved, the rest was proved. The awareness of respondents is not high. 44 per cent of owners are threatened by the risk of wound caused by their own dog. Everything is the result of insufficient education in the area. I see preventive programmes focused on the principles of proper co-existence of a human and a dog, which start in kindergarten, as a possibility to lower the risk of wounds or bites caused by dogs.
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Mycotic disease - social and psychological problem
KARAFIÁTOVÁ, Iva
In my opinion, the topic of my thesis - {\clqq}Mycotic diseases {--} a social and psychological problem`` is a very current issue. In my thesis I describe individual types of mycotic diseases with regard to their epidemiological characteristics, techniques and options of treatment. I also give information on preventive measures to help prevent transmission of the infection. The first objective of the thesis was to identify the most often diagnosed mycoses in the dermatologist´s consulting room during one year. This objective was achieved by using medical history records and it was found out that the most frequent diseases are especially fungal nail infection, fungal foot infection and superficial mycosis - Pityriasis versicolor. The second objective was to evaluate psychological and social impact in patients with mycotic diseases in comparison with respondents from general public. This objective was achieved as well. Using questionnaires, 60 respondents were asked 34 questions. The questions were prepared in such a way that information both from the dermatologist´s consulting room patients and from respondents from general public could have been obtained by the inquiry. The outcome of the whole inquiry was supposed to be evaluation of two hypotheses. The first one should have confirmed or rejected the idea that patients with mycotic disease in medical history have more information on this issue, better awareness about options of transmission prevention, prevention of re-infection and they behave more responsibly regarding prevention of mycoses transmission in population than the others. The second hypothesis stated that mycotic diseases have negative social and psychological impact. In the conclusion both hypotheses were basically confirmed. Awareness of respondents from general public is not on a high level, on the contrary, large majority admitted lack of awareness about this issue. Negative impact in people suffering from this disease is very perceptible. Most respondents perceive the disease as a social handicap and they try to hide the possible visible symptoms on their body at any cost. Adverse reactions to them from their family and relatives or from the public are no exception. In my opinion, the further procedures to improve the existing situation should be adhering to preventive measures such as maintaining personal hygiene or disinfection of risky areas. However, I find especially important to talk about these diseases, in public and without constraints. To support the diseased and to inform general public by means of media, leaflets or by public lectures and talks.
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