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How climate change affects biotopes protected under Natura 2000 in southern Bohemia?
Vaškovský, Adam ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Trnka, Miroslav (referee)
Warnings of the intensity and widespread negative impacts of ongoing climate change are becoming more urgent. EU countries have created a unique network Natura 2000 to protect Europe's biodiversity and are legally obliged to protect the sites so that their conservation targets do not deteriorate. The key question is whether the static Natura 2000 system will continue to fulfil its purpose in the future, or whether climate change will lead to significant losses of European biodiversity. To date, there are still very few studies that address the modelling of climate change impacts on Natura 2000 sites. In this paper, using a new method combining climate envelope models with procedures applied to assess climate change risks to agroecosystems, I assessed the impact of climate change on eight selected natural habitat types (NHTs) occurring in south Bohemia. Agroclimatological indicators generated by the AgriClim model were used as predictors of the occurrence of suitable climate for NHTs. For modelling, I used three machine learning algorithms (generalized additive model, artificial neural network and random forest) and two ensemble learning techniques (averaging and stacking), of which I chose random forest as the most suitable for the resulting predictions. The modelling results show that for the...
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Are former common pastures a significant part of protected areas?
Kosová, Barbora ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Härtel, Handrij (referee)
Former common pastures show a higher biological value than the surrounding landscape and they usually represent areas of conservation value. The aim of this thesis is to find out whether the state nature protection of the Czech Republic reflects this fact. For this purpose, 210 small protected areas in six districts in three regions, namely Cheb and Sokolov districts in Karlovy Vary region, Česká Lípa and Jablonec nad Nisou districts in Liberec region, and Kroměříž and Zlín disctricts in Zlín region were analyzed. The former common pastures were located within the boundaries of the small protected areas according to the historical maps of Stable Cadastre from the first half of the 19th century. To determine biotope diversity of analyzed areas the Natura 2000 biotope mapping was used. Data from the species database were used to compare species diversity of the studied protected areas. In conclusion, the former common pastures were located in 30 out of 210 small protected areas and on average covered 3,6 % of the protected area. Above average values were found in the districts of Zlín region. Higher biotope diversity of the former common pastures was confirmed, as well as higher biotope diversity of protected areas, in which former common pastures were located. The differences in the species...
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Loss of valuable meadow biotopes in connection with the construction of new buildings
Nikodýmová, Amálie ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Bílá, Karolína (referee)
- AJ A serious problem of nature protection in Šumava is the problem of the gradual loss of traditionally farmed meadows, which are the objects of protection of the Natura 2000 system in SAC Šumava. Meadow biotopes in this area are decreasing mainly as a result of their encroachment by construction projects. The Šumava National Park Administration, as the competent state nature protection authority, does not have a database that would record the exact loss of meadow biotopes in SAC Šumava in connection with construction. The absence of this information represents a serious obstacle of the state administration of nature protection. As part of this bachelor's thesis, a search of methodological procedures used for the protection of grassland biotopes in large Natura 2000 sites will be carried out. Special attention will be paid to the occupation of biotopes in connection with construction. Part of this thesis will be also the testing of the methodology for the evaluation of meadow biotopes encroachment by construction in EVL Šumava. Key words: Natura 2000, biodiversity, meadows, development
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Factors affecting diversity of open forest vegetation
Kerberová, Eva ; Pánková, Hana (advisor) ; Křenová, Zdeňka (referee)
The bachelor thesis contains a literature review focused on the evaluation of factors influencing the diversity of open forest vegetation. The thesis first explains the concept of open forests and describes selected cases in our territory. It lists selected factors, such as abiotic conditions (influence of light availability and soil quality), biotic conditions (herbivores, mycorrhizal symbiosis) and suitable management methods (forest grazing, thinning, litter raking, girdling), and describes their importance for the species diversity of communities of open woods. Key words: open forests, diversity, management of open forests, factors affecting diversity, abiotic conditions, biotic conditions
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Wallachian pastures: condition, preservation and conservation potential
Mizera, Ondřej ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Kindlmann, Pavel (referee)
For centuries, pastures were an important part of the European landscape. Grazing was widespread in the Moravian Wallachia region, where a unique grazing landscape was created. The aim of this thesis is to clarify which pastures were preserved to this day in eleven cadastral areas of the Rožnovská Bečva River valley and evaluates their importance for nature conservation. For this purpose, imprints of historical maps of Stable Cadastre for half of the 19th century were used and a vector layer of former pastures was created. In the ArcGIS Pro program, this vector layer of pastures was compared with the NATURA 2000 habitat mapping layer, the consolidated ecosystem layer (KVES), the zonation of the Beskydy Protected Landscape Area and the network of small-scale protected areas. The current state of former pastures was examined and land used changes between common and private pastures were compared. It was found that a high proportion of historic pastures has disappeared. The main reason for the disappearance is artificial afforestation; other pastures were abandoned and overgrown spontaneously. Some historical pastures, more often common pastures located near the settlements, were built up. The pastures preserved so far are very valuable for conservation and are an important component of the local...
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Differences in spatial distribution and dynamics of bark beetle (Ips typographus) spreading in extensive windfall areas caused by the hurricane Kyrill in the Šumava NP
Janouchová, Šárka ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Kindlmann, Pavel (referee)
Search for the most appropriate forest management in the period of increasing frequency of windstorm and bark beetle outbreaks is a big challenge for foresters and mainly for managers of protected areas. A better knowledge of effectiveness and ecological conseguences of applied methods is necessary for good management of forest ecosystems. The ecology of European spruce bark beetle, natural disturbances occurring in Middle European forests and post-disturbance meausres are reviewed in the first part of this master thesis. Analysis of data about the spatial distribution and dynamics of bark beetle spreading in one of the forest districts of the Šumava National Park and the data about forest regeneration are published in the second part. Own field records together with data from the forest management plan and maps with records of occurrence of the bark beetle infected trees in study area between 2000 and 2006 were used in this study. The significant correlations between occurrence of the bark beetle infected trees and their occurrence in previous years were found. The active management (cutting down and removing of bark beetle infected trees) can't eliminate the bark beetles outbreak. Moreover, the active management causes the fragmentation of canopy and increases the risk of further degradation of...
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Protected areas, NP Šumava, PLA Český les, ANCOVA, socioeconomic development, border region
Pícha, Zdeněk ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Kindlmann, Pavel (referee)
Villages occur in many Czech and central European large protected areas (LPA). Some inhabitants and local politicians occasionally publish, that occurrence of the LPA can inhibit regional development and cause negative demographic and socioeconomic changes in the region. This diploma thesis tests this assumption and studies the effect of existence and establishment of the LPA on socioeconomic parameters of villages and their inhabitants. The case study was conducted in the south-west border region of the Czech Republic, the area of high o ser atio alue. The Šu a a Natio al Park i side of alread e isti g Šu a a Protected La ds ape Area, PLA a d Český les PLA ere esta lished 99 a d 5, respectively. Also Novohradské hory PLA was proposed several times but have not been proofed till now. Statistical analysis (ANCOVA) for selected socioeconomic and demographic parameters of 39 villages and their cadasters were used to study development of the region between years 1991 - 2011. The results found the village size (number of permanent residents living in the village) to be more significant predictor for most of studied parameters than occurrence of the village in/out of the LPA. The results are discussed with results of similar studies conducted in other protected areas. Peripheral character of the border...
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Factors determining germination of rare species
Paulů, Andrea ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Křenová, Zdeňka (referee)
This bachelor's thesis is a literature review about the ecological factors determining germination of rare species of vascular plants. The main aim was to describe the factors affecting germination and methodologies. This study also outlines projects of seed banks, germination ecology and the importance of studying germination. This factors affecting germination will be applied in future on the data germination of rare species which we were given the Krkonoše National Park.
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What aerial photographs can reveal about the state of habitats in Šumava National Park?
Hamarčák, Mário ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Kindlmann, Pavel (referee)
The utilization of remote sensing in the field of nature conservation and landscape management has recently increased tremendously. Possibility of implementing data obtained by remote sensing in GIS has created an increasingly powerful tool also for appropriate management of protected areas. This bachelor thesis delivers a brief overview of remote sensing methods, projects that use these applications and the possibility of their application in practice. Also examples of research activities in the field of remote sensing aimed primarily at protecting and monitoring the state of forests are presented. Finally, a draft methodology for the analysis of changes in habitat qualities in the area of interest, the Šumava National Park, is proposed. Keywords: Habitats, Management of protected areas, Habitats for Natura 2000, GIS, Aerial photographs, Remote sensing
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Factors affecting diversity of open forest vegetation
Kerberová, Eva ; Pánková, Hana (advisor) ; Křenová, Zdeňka (referee)
The bachelor thesis contains a literature review focused on the evaluation of factors influencing the diversity of open forest vegetation. The work firstly explains the concept of open forests and describes their vegetation. It also lists the different types of diversity. It focuses on factors affecting the diversity such as size of the area, abiotic conditions (e.g. local conditions, light availability, soil conditions), biotic conditions (mycorrhizal symbiosis, herbivory) and management. The thesis describes their importance for the species diversity of these communities. Key words: open forests, diversity, management of open forests, factors affecting diversity, abiotic conditions
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